Sharks sune abubuwan tsoro ga yawon shakatawa na Cape Cod

A cikin fim ɗin "Jaws," wani babban farin fari ne kaɗai ya mamaye kogin bakin teku na garin bakin teku, yana tsoratar da mazauna yankin.

Ga mazaunan rairayin bakin teku na Chatham da Orleans a cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, ba shark ne kaɗai ke yin balaguron balaguro ba, amma 10, mai yuwuwa kusan 20, manyan farar fata suna balaguro rairayin bakin teku, wani lokacin abin mamaki kusa da gaɓa da mutane.

Abubuwan da aka gani sun sa manajojin bakin teku rufe bakin rairayin bakin teku don yin iyo a karshen mako na Ranar Ma'aikata a Orleans, kuma har abada a Chatham.

Amma abin da zai faru a shekara mai zuwa shine tunanin kowa, masana kimiyya da jami'an garin sun ce.

Manyan fararen fata da farko suna cin hatimi, ba mutane ba, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan ikon mallakar hatimi a kan rairayin bakin teku na Chatham's Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge na iya zama zane wanda zai sa su dawo - maiyuwa cikin adadi mai yawa - kowace shekara.

Sakamakon zai iya zama ƙarin rufe bakin teku, sama da abin da masu yawon bude ido da mutanen gari suka rigaya suka jure don kare nau'ikan tsuntsayen da ke cikin haɗari kamar masu fafutuka da ƙananan terns. Yiwuwar, duk da nisa, cewa wani na iya ɗanɗano, ko kashe shi, ta hanyar kifin shark kuma yana haifar da dogon inuwa mai tsayi a kan yawon shakatawa na Cape.

John Ohman, mai Liam's a Tekun Nauset, wani gidan cin abinci a bakin teku a Orleans ya ce "Wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa ga kasuwancina da zan yi aiki da shi." "Mutane za su zaɓi wani garin da za su iya zuwa haya, kamar Wellfleet ko Eastham? Wataƙila ku je gefen Bay? Tambaya ce mai girma wacce ba ta da amsa tukuna.”

Mary Corr, babban darektan cibiyar kasuwanci ta Chatham, ta lura cewa, a yanzu, garin ya ga wani abu na karuwar yawon shakatawa daga masu neman sani. Amma wannan sha'awar tana tafiya ne kawai.

"Masu yawon bude ido, mutane suna son zuwa bakin teku," in ji ta. Idan ba za su iya ba, kasuwancin suna wahala.

Doka ta kare

Tare da duka sharks da hatimi a ƙarƙashin kariya ta tarayya, ba za a iya sake zuwa bakin teku ba.

George Burgess, darektan Shirin Binciken Shark na Florida a Gainesville ya ce "Yana yiwuwa gaba ɗaya yankin da ake ganin su na iya ganin su suna dawowa shekara bayan shekara, yankin hatimin shine mabuɗin." “Farin sharks suna son hatimi. Idan yankin hatimin yana da kyau, kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tabbas yana da kyakkyawan zato farin shark (lambobin yawan jama'a) suma zasu tashi."

Wannan hatimin suna bunƙasa a bayyane yake. Jim Gilbert, farfesa a fannin nazarin halittu na namun daji a Jami'ar Maine da ke Orono, ya ƙware a kan hatimi da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa. Seals ya sake dawowa daga ƙananan lambobi bayan an cire kyauta a kan hatimi a cikin 1964 a Massachusetts, kuma lokacin da Dokar Kariya ta Mammal ta 1972 ta sanya shi laifin tarayya don cutar da mutum, cin zarafi, ko kashe daya.

Lambobin hatimin tashar jiragen ruwa sun karu sau hudu tsakanin 1981 da 2001, zuwa mutane 99,000, galibi a Maine. Kodayake hatimin launin toka sun fi yawa a Massachusetts, ƙididdigar yawan jama'a suna da zayyana. Ana ƙidaya hatimin launin toka a kan Sable Island, ƙaramin tsibiri mai nisa kudu maso gabas na Nova Scotia. A cikin 1962, kawai 120 pups aka haife a can. Kwanan nan, an haifi 55,000.

Gilashin launin toka na yin ƙaura a kowace bazara daga tsibirin Sable zuwa Monomoy da sauran wurare a cikin Tekun Maine, kuma adadinsu ya yi tashin gwauron zaɓe a tsibirin Monomoy da Muskeget dake kusa da Nantucket tare da yawan jama'a kusan 10,000.

"Komai yana nuna alamar launin toka yana karuwa a ko'ina cikin Gulf of Maine," in ji Gilbert. Amma babu wani lamba mai tarihi, babu babba iyaka tukuna da aka sani don yawan hatimi. Suna kama da barewa na teku, suna hayayyafa har sai ko dai abinci ya yi karanci, cututtuka masu yaɗuwa sun shafe mutane da yawa, ko mafarauta sun yi ɓacin ransu.

Yayin da wasu ke kuka don cusa, ko kuma fitar da hatimi daga Monomoy, Dokar Kariya na Mammal na Marine ta hana waɗannan ayyukan, ba da damar su cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, kamar kariya ga nau'in kifin kifi da ke cikin haɗari, ko ba wa kabilun asali damar kama su kamar wani bangare na hakkokinsu na yarjejeniyar.

Babu wani tanadi a cikin aikin dabbobin ruwa, in ji Tom Eagle, masanin ilimin kifin kifin a Ofishin Kare Kariyar Albarkatun NMFS a Silver Springs, Md., don kisa ko tursasa dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa saboda suna jawo mafarauta mafi haɗari. Har ila yau, kariya a ƙarƙashin dokar tana ci gaba ba tare da la'akari da yawan nau'in nau'in ba.

Abubuwan gani na Shark sun jawo taron jama'a a Chatham

Har ila yau, babban kifin shark wani nau'i ne mai kariya, wanda aka rufe a ƙarƙashin dokokin kamun kifi na tarayya da ke haramta wani abu in ban da kamawa da saki, kuma a karkashin wata yarjejeniya ta kasa da kasa da ta hana cinikin manyan kayan kifin shark da nama. Ko da yake wasu alamu sun nuna cewa waɗannan maharbi ba su da yawa kuma suna raguwa, masana kimiyya ba su da wani kiyasin yawan jama'a da ke nuna yawansu ko kuma hanyar da suke bi.

"Gaba ɗaya, ba su da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in, watakila ba a California da Ostiraliya ba," in ji Nancy Kohler, shugabar Shirin Predator na Apex na Ofishin Kula da Kamun Kifi na Kasa a Narragansett, RI Manyan farar fata kuma suna tafiya mai nisa - wanda aka yiwa lakabi da shark. ya yi tafiyar mil 12,000 a cikin watanni takwas - yin nazari mai ban tsoro.

Hare-hare a nan ba kasafai ba

Kohler ya ce akwai kuma da yawa da ba a san dalilin da ya sa suke yin hijira ba da kuma ko sun koma wani yanki ko a'a.

Masana kimiyya sun dade suna tunanin cewa wuraren da ke da hatimi mai yawa kamar Tsibirin Farallon da ke kusa da San Francisco suna tallafawa mazaunan manyan fararen fata. Amma wani binciken da aka yi tambarin kwanan nan wanda ya shafi sharks rabin dozin ya nuna cewa da yawa sun ci gaba, ciki har da wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa yamma har zuwa Hawaii.

Ko da yake sun fi son ruwan zafi, manyan fararen fata na iya kula da yanayin zafin jiki fiye da zafin ruwa. Wannan yana ba su damar nutsewa mai zurfi kuma suyi aiki a cikin ruwan sanyi. An gan su har zuwa arewa har zuwa Newfoundland. Wani bincike na 1985 wanda masanin kimiyyar NMFS John Casey ya rubuta ya sanya su a cikin Gulf of Maine daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Kohler ya ce za su iya jurewa ruwan saman da yanayin zafi kasa da digiri 51.

"Da zarar ya yi sanyi, sai su tashi," in ji ta.

Rashin bayanai yana nufin masana kimiyya ba za su iya cewa ko wannan lokacin shark ya kasance wani abin da ba a sani ba ko kuma mai cutar da makomar gaba. Har zuwa watan da ya gabata, an ga manyan fararen fata guda ɗaya ko biyu a kusa da Cape. Har yanzu babu wanda zai iya cewa ko waɗannan sharks ne da ke komawa yankin da suka saba da shi, ko kuma kawai ya faru.

Kamar mutane da yawa waɗanda ke nazarin manyan fararen fata, Kohler ya ji daɗin cewa Masanin Kimiyyar Kimiya na Kifi na Massachusetts Greg Skomal ya yiwa biyar daga cikin manyan farar fata da suka taru a Chatham. Waɗannan tambarin tauraron dan adam za su rubuta yanayin zafin ruwa, wurin, lokaci da zurfin waɗannan dabbobin na tsawon watanni biyar masu zuwa, kuma hakan na iya ba da ƙarin haske game da dalilin da yasa suke a Monomoy.

Amma fa'idar wannan binciken na iya yin hasarar masu ninkaya, masu hawan igiyar ruwa da sauran su ba zato ba tsammani suka tsinci kansu ko duhun siffar da ke ninkaya a ƙarƙashinsu hatimi ne ko kuma shark.

Hare-haren na Shark ya kasance wani lamari ne na zahiri wanda ba a taɓa gani ba a Massachusetts, tare da guda ɗaya kawai, wanda ya mutu a cikin 1936, idan aka kwatanta da California tare da hare-hare 73 da manyan fararen fata suka yi da asarar rayuka takwas tun 1916.

Har yanzu, yuwuwar kai hari yana ƙaruwa tare da kusanci zuwa hatimi.

"An haɓaka damarmu, amsar tana da kyau babu shakka, eh," in ji Burgess. “Wannan yana nufin za a cije ku ne ko kuma za a kai muku hari? Ba lallai ba ne.”

Akwai fiye da masu hawan igiyar ruwa a cikin ruwan California ta yin amfani da ruwan da hatimi da sharks ke yawan bi, in ji Burgess. Yayin da ake cizon wasu, lamarin ba kasafai ba ne, kasa da hari guda a shekara, kuma kasa da mutum daya ne ke mutuwa duk shekara 12.

Amma tsoron da ba a sani ba ne ya sa jami'an Chatham rufe bakin tekun su yayin da suke kokarin yin shiri na shekara mai zuwa. Sufetan Parks Daniel Tobin ya ce hukumarsa za ta yi taro a kan kari don ganin yadda za a kare masu zuwa bakin teku. Ya damu musamman game da ɗimbin ƴan ninkaya da aka yi jigilar su zuwa shingen rairayin bakin teku inda babu masu ceto ko kuma masu sintiri na yau da kullun.

"Za mu yi magana da mutanen da ke gudanar da hakan a wasu sassan kasar," in ji Tobin. "Yana (kasashen waje) a gare mu a nan New England."

Burgess yana tunanin Cape yana buƙatar tantance gaskiya.

“Mun yi kiba sosai, bebe da farin ciki lokacin da muka shiga cikin teku. Muna ganin kamar tafkin bayan gida ne, amma ba haka ba ne,” inji shi. Yin amfani da hankali lokacin da sharks ke cikin ruwa, tare da masu ceton rai suna kallon teku, na iya yin nisa don kawar da bala'i.

"Samun sharks a wani wuri ba sumbatar mutuwa ba ne," in ji shi. "Ba na tsammanin wannan yana nuna ƙarshen wasan ninkaya na nishaɗi a cikin waɗannan ruwayen na sauran shekara ko lokacin bazara masu zuwa."