Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu na China suna tafiya daga 'barazana' zuwa ganimar kishiyoyin jihohi

Kamfanonin jiragen sama na China masu zaman kansu sun kirkiro gasa ga masu jigilar kayayyaki da gwamnati ke sarrafa su, kamar yadda gwamnati ta so. Yanzu, su ne ke fama da shi.

Kamfanin jiragen sama na United Eagle Airlines Co., mai zaman kansa na farko da ya samu amincewar gwamnati, ya amince da karbo jirgin da wani jirgin sama da gwamnati ke sarrafa a makon da ya gabata. Kazalika kamfanin jiragen saman East Star ya dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen kwanaki biyu bayan da ya ki amincewa da tayin da iyayen gwamnatin Air China Ltd. Daga Disamba, Okay Airways ya dakatar da jiragen fasinja sama da wata guda saboda takaddamar gudanarwa.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu "ba sa zama barazana," in ji Zhou Chi, shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama na Shanghai da gwamnati ke iko da su. "Dukkan su suna cikin matsala."

Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kusan 20 na kasar Sin sun yi tuntuɓe a cikin yanayin tattalin arziƙin, rage buƙatu da haɓaka ƙarfin aiki. Haka kuma ba su samu tallafin gwamnati ba. Sabanin haka, kamfanin jiragen sama na China Southern Airlines Co., babban kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na kasar, da sauran kungiyoyin jiragen sama da gwamnati ke kula da su, sun samu nasarar ceto sama da yuan biliyan 13 (dala biliyan 1.9) don taimaka musu wajen shawo kan koma bayan da aka samu.

"Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu ba za su taba samun irin kulawar da gwamnati za ta yi wa abokan hamayyar jihohinsu ba," in ji Li Lei, wani manazarci na Kamfanin Securities Co. a birnin Beijing. "Idan ba za su iya shawo kan duk waɗannan matsalolin da kansu ba, dole ne su yi fatara ko kuma su yarda a siye su."

1 Yuan Farashi

United Eagle da East Star na Chengdu dukkansu sun fara aiki a shekarar 2005, shekarar da kasar Sin ta fara ba da izinin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na cikin gida masu zaman kansu. Gwamnati ta dauki matakan dakile abin da ta kira "kasuwar mai siyarwa." Samar da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu, wanda a yanzu ya kai kusan kashi 10 cikin 1 na zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, ya taimaka wajen saurin bunkasuwa a babbar kasuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Asiya, yayin da suka kara sabbin hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tare da bayar da kudin da bai kai yuan 15 (cent XNUMX ba).

Ma Ying, wani manazarci a Haitong Securities Co. da ke Shanghai ya ce "Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu sun karya ka'idojin farashin da ya mulki kasuwa tsawon shekaru da dama." "Idan dillalai masu zaman kansu sun gaza, kamfanonin jiragen sama na jihohi na iya komawa zuwa farashi mai girma."

Kamfanin jiragen sama na Shanghai Air Zhou ya ce tuni kamfanonin sufurin jiragen sama na kasar suka ci gajiyar matsalolin kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu saboda ya taimaka wajen rage yawan ma'aikata.

Ya kara da cewa "Babu daya daga cikinsu da zai iya daukar nauyin daukar matukanmu." Ma'aikata na kamfanonin jiragen sama masu zaman kansu "ya hana fadada mu, amma ya kara musu matsalolin kudi."

Bailouts na Gwamnati

Kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasar Sin suna kokawa bayan da tafiye-tafiyen ya karu da sauri cikin shekaru biyar a shekarar 2008, kuma masana'antar ta yi asarar yuan biliyan 28 a tarihi. Gwamnatin kasar ta mayar da martani ta hanyar ba wa yankin kudancin kasar Sin Yuan biliyan 3 da kuma Yuan biliyan 9 ga iyayen kamfanin jiragen sama na kasar Sin Eastern Airlines, mai lamba 3 na kasar. Iyayen Air China kuma suna sa ran ba da tallafin akalla yuan biliyan 3. Iyayen Shanghai Air da Hainan Airlines Co. sun sami kuɗi daga ƙananan hukumomi.

Haka kuma mai kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen sama zai toshe gasa kan sabbin hanyoyi har na tsawon shekaru uku don taimakawa dillalan su fadada hanyoyin sadarwar su. Kariyar za ta shafi hanyoyin da aka kara tsakanin 29 ga Maris zuwa 24 ga Oktoba, wadanda ba a yi amfani da su a halin yanzu, in ji mai kula da gidan yanar gizon ta jiya. Fiye da kashi 90 cikin XNUMX na hanyoyin da ke cikin shirin za a yi amfani da su ne ta dillalan gwamnati.

Masu zaman kansu sun amfana daga yunƙuri don tada buƙatun masana'antu gami da rage haraji da rage farashin mai. Duk da haka, sun sami tallafin kai tsaye ne kawai don dawo da sarrafa ceding. A cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar, United Eagle mai sarrafa jiragen sama biyar ta sayar da hannun jarin Yuan miliyan 200 ga kamfanin jiragen saman Sichuan da ke karkashin ikon gwamnati saboda asara da basussuka. Yarjejeniyar ta kara yawan hannun jarin Sichuan Air zuwa kashi 76 daga kashi 20 cikin dari.

"Alurar babban birnin kasar za ta ba mu damar sake haihuwa," in ji United Eagle. Ya kara da cewa, kamfanin na Sichuan Air zai nada sabon shugaba da shugaban kasa.

Gabashin Star Grounding

East Star ta sanar da kin amincewa da wani tayin da kamfanin China National Aviation Holding Co., mahaifar kamfanin Air China ya yi, a cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar a ranar 13 ga Maris, tana mai nuni da falsafar gudanarwa daban-daban da girman kasar Sin. Kamfanin jirgin wanda ke da hedikwata a Wuhan, ya dakatar da jiragensa tara a ranar 15 ga Maris bisa bukatar gwamnatin birnin, a cewar wata sanarwa a shafin yanar gizon hukumar kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.

Yanzu haka kasar Sin za ta bunkasa Wuhan ta zama cibiyar kasa da kasa tare da hadin gwiwar lardin Hubei, a cewar sanarwar da aka yi a shafin yanar gizon gwamnatin lardin. Ba a samu mai magana da yawun East Star Wang Yankun ba a cikin makon da ya gabata.

Jirgin Ruwa

Har yanzu, wasu dillalai masu zaman kansu suna girma kuma suna guje wa ikon gwamnati. Shugaban kasar Sin Wang Zhenghua ya bayyana cewa, kamfanin Spring Air, wanda shi ne jirgin sama mai zaman kansa mafi girma na kasar Sin, ya kashe kudin Sin Yuan miliyan 100 wajen daukar matukan jirgi sama da 30 a karshen shekarar da ta gabata. Ya kara da cewa tana shirin daukar karin daukar ma'aikata a bana.

Wang ya ce "Alurar babban birnin kasar na dillalan jihar ta girgiza kasuwa," in ji Wang. "Har yanzu, ba mu damu da ayyukanmu ba a halin yanzu."

Kamfanin mai dauke da jirage 12 da kuma bashi-da-kadara na kusan kashi 50 cikin 16, yana da niyyar daukar jiragen Airbus SAS A320 guda XNUMX a cikin shekaru uku zuwa hudu masu zuwa. Za ta biya kudin jirgin ne ta hanyar amfani da lamunin bankuna, bayan da aka dakatar da tsare-tsaren sayar da hannun jari saboda faduwar kasuwannin hannayen jari, in ji Wang. Babu daya daga cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama shida da aka jera a Shanghai da ke cikin sirri.

"Ba zan yi tir da taimakon kudi daga gwamnati ba, amma tabbas ba za a mayar da mu dillalan jiha ba," in ji Wang.

Okay Air mai hedkwata a birnin Beijing, wanda ya koma zirga-zirgar fasinja a cikin watan Janairu, yana tunanin neman sabbin masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu don bunkasa kudaden shiga, in ji shugaban Wang Junjin.

Okay, wanda ke tafiyar da jirage 11, gami da masu jigilar kaya da aka yi jigilar su na FedEx Corp., na iya komawa riba a wannan shekarar, in ji Wang. Ya kara da cewa, kamfanin jiragen sama na Juneyao Airlines Co., kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na Shanghai, yana daukar ma'aikata kuma yana shirin kara Airbus SAS A320s uku ko hudu a cikin jiragensa 10 a wannan shekara.

Wang ya ce "Ya rage naku idan kuna son kudin daga gwamnati ko kuma ku ci gaba da zaman kan ku." "Idan kun yi kasuwancin da kyau, ba za a sanya ku cikin ƙasa ba."