The Transportungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya (IATA) rahoton da aka fitar wanda ke nuna cewa bashin kamfanin na kamfanin na duniya na iya tashi zuwa dala biliyan 550 a karshen shekara. Wannan ya karu dala biliyan 120 kan matakan bashi a farkon shekarar 2020.
- $ 67 biliyan na sabon bashin ya ƙunshi bashin gwamnati ($ 50 biliyan), harajin da aka bari ($ 5 biliyan) da kuma lamunin bashi (dala biliyan 12).
- Dala biliyan 52 ta fito ne daga kafofin kasuwanci ciki har da rancen kasuwanci (dala biliyan 23), bashin kasuwar kasuwa (dala biliyan 18), bashin daga sabbin kayan aiki (dala biliyan 5), da kuma samun damar mallakar wuraren bashi (dala biliyan 6).
Taimakon kuɗi hanya ce ta rayuwa don fuskantar mafi munin rikici ba tare da yin aiki ba. Amma a lokacin sake farawa daga baya wannan, nauyin bashin masana'antu zai kusan dala biliyan 550-ya karu da kashi 28%.
“Tallafin da gwamnati ke bayarwa na taimakawa ga ci gaban masana’antu. Kalubale na gaba shi ne hana kamfanonin jiragen sama nitsewa cikin nauyin bashin da taimakon ke samarwa, ”in ji Alexandre de Juniac, Darakta Janar da Shugaba na IATA.
A cikin duka gwamnatoci sun bada gudummawar dala biliyan 123 na taimakon kudi ga kamfanonin jiragen sama. Daga wannan, dala biliyan 67 za a buƙaci a biya. Adadin ya kunshi tallafin albashi (dala biliyan 34.8), hada hadar kudi (dala biliyan 11.5), da saukaka haraji / tallafi (dala biliyan 9.7). Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga kamfanonin jiragen sama waɗanda zasu ƙone ta hanyar tsabar kuɗi dala biliyan 60 a cikin kwata na biyu na 2020 kawai.
“Fiye da rabin taimakon da gwamnatoci ke bayarwa na haifar da sabbin abubuwan alhaki. Kasa da kashi 10% zai karawa kamfanin kamfani. Yana canza hoton kuɗi na masana'antu gaba ɗaya. Biyan bashin da ke bin gwamnatoci da masu ba da rance masu zaman kansu zai nuna cewa rikicin zai dade sosai fiye da lokacin da fasinjojin ke nema ya dawo, ”in ji de Juniac.
Bambancin yanki
Dala biliyan 123 na tallafin kudi na gwamnati ya yi daidai da 14% na jimlar kudaden shiga na kamfanin jirgin sama na 2019 (dala biliyan 838). Bambance-bambancen yankuna na watsewar kayan agaji na nuni da cewa akwai gibi da za a buƙaci cikawa.
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Har yanzu akwai manyan gibi a cikin taimakon kuɗi da ake buƙata don taimakawa kamfanonin jiragen sama su tsira daga rikicin COVID-19. Gwamnatin Amurka ta jagoranci hanya tare da Dokar ta CARES kasancewar ita ce babban abin da ke ba da taimakon kuɗi ga masu jigilar kayayyaki na Arewacin Amurka wanda jimillar wakiltar kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kuɗin shigar shekara-shekara na 2019 na kamfanonin jiragen saman yankin. Wannan yana biye da Turai tare da taimako a 15% na kudaden shiga shekara ta 2019 da Asiya-Pacific a 10%. Amma a Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Latin Amurka matsakaicin taimako na kusan 1% na kudaden shiga na 2019.
“Gwamnatoci da yawa sun tashi tsaye da kayan tallafin kudi wadanda ke samar da gada kan wannan mawuyacin hali, gami da tsabar kudi don kaucewa fatarar kudi. Inda gwamnatoci ba su amsa da sauri ko isasshen kuɗi, mun ga fatarar kuɗi. Misalan sun hada da Australia, Italia, Thailand, Turkey, da Burtaniya. Haɗuwa zai zama mahimmanci ga dawowa. Mahimmancin taimakon kuɗi ga kamfanonin jiragen sama yanzu yana da ma'anar tattalin arziki. Hakan zai tabbatar da cewa a shirye suke su samar da hanyoyin cudanya da ayyukan yi yayin da tattalin arziki ya sake budewa, ”in ji de Juniac.
Tasirin Bashi
Irin taimakon da aka bayar zai yi tasiri cikin sauri da ƙarfi na murmurewa. IATA ta bukaci gwamnatoci da har yanzu suke tunanin sauwaka kudaden da su maida hankali kan matakan da zasu taimaka kamfanonin jiragen sama su samar da kudade na daidaito. “Jiragen sama da yawa har yanzu suna cikin matukar bukatar hanyar rayuwa. Ga waɗancan gwamnatocin da ba su yi aiki ba tukuna, saƙon shi ne cewa taimaka wa kamfanonin jiragen sama ɗaga matakan daidaito tare da mai da hankali kan tallafi da tallafi zai sanya su cikin mawuyacin hali don murmurewa, ”in ji de Juniac.
“Makoma mai wahala tana gabanmu. Dauke da Covid-19 kuma tsira da raunin kuɗi shine farkon matsalar. Matakan kula da annoba bayan annoba za su sa ayyukan su kasance da tsada sosai. Ayyadadden farashin dole ne a bazu kan travean matafiya. Kuma za a buƙaci saka hannun jari don biyan burin muhalli. A saman wannan duka, kamfanonin jiragen sama zasu buƙaci biyan basussuka da suka taso daga taimakon agaji. Bayan tsira daga rikicin, murmurewa zuwa lafiyar kudi zai zama kalubale na gaba ga kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa, ”in ji de Juniac.
Makon da ya gabata, Kwamitin Gwamnonin IATA ya himmatu ga manyan ka'idoji biyar don sake fara masana'antu. Daga cikin wadannan akwai sadaukarwa ga aminci da aminci na ma'aikata da matafiya, saduwa da burin muhalli na masana'antar da kuma kasancewa jagora mai ma'ana na farfadowar tattalin arziki tare da cudanya mai sauki.
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ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- For those governments that have not yet acted, the message is that helping airlines raise equity levels with a focus on grants and subsidies will place them in a stronger position for the recovery,” said de Juniac.
- The US government has led the way with its CARES Act being the main component of financial aid to North American carriers which in total represented a quarter of 2019 annual revenues for the region's airlines.
- Paying off the debt owed governments and private lenders will mean that the crisis will last a lot longer than the time it takes for passenger demand to recover,” said de Juniac.
