by Robert MacLellan, Manajan Darakta, MacLellan & Associates
Can yawon shakatawa dogara Caribbean gwamnatoci sun koyi wani abu daga kasashen da suke hako mai? A lokacin da gwamnatocin kananan hukumomi da matalauta masu samar da man fetur suka nemi samun daidaiton farashin man fetur - babban tushen kudaden shiga na kasa - sun hada kai don yin shawarwari mai inganci da kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa da manyan kasashen da suka ci gaba, wadanda su ne manyan masu amfani da man fetur. mai su. A shekara ta 1960 biyar daga cikin wadannan kasashe sun taru don kafa OPEC - kungiyar kasashe masu arzikin man fetur - daga baya kuma wasu kasashe tara suka hade. Sakamakon karfin hadin gwiwarsu mai karfi, farashin mai ya tashi kadan kadan daga dalar Amurka 1.63 kan kowace ganga a shekarar 1960 zuwa matsakaicin dalar Amurka 77 a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Rashin matsayi na sasantawa na gwamnatocin Caribbean guda ɗaya tare da manyan kamfanonin jiragen ruwa, dangane da harajin tashar jiragen ruwa, yana haifar da kamanceceniya da yanayin OPEC shekaru sittin da suka gabata kuma ya kamata a aiwatar da dabarun "sake daidaitawa" yanzu a cikin Caribbean. Idan gwamnatoci a duk faɗin yankin, gami da Amurka ta Tsakiya, suka taru kuma suka kafa OTEC - Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziƙi na Yawon shakatawa - za su iya yin shawarwari a matsayin ƙungiya daga matsayi mafi ƙarfi tare da layin jirgin ruwa. A halin yanzu, lokacin da ɗayan ƙasashe ke ƙoƙarin ƙara harajin tashar jiragen ruwa, ana barazanar za a sauke su daga hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa kuma ana iya ɗaukar su ɗaya bayan ɗaya ta hanyar manyan layukan ruwa.
Daga mafi kyawun matsayin ciniki, gwamnatocin jihohi ko na ƙasa tare da hanyoyin balaguron balaguro guda ɗaya - Alaska, Bermuda da Hawaii - sun riga sun yi shawarwari mafi girma. cruise kudaden shiga na tashar jiragen ruwa fiye da waɗanda ke cikin matsakaicin ƙasar Caribbean. Jiragen ruwa na kwana biyu suna kwana a Bermuda kuma suna biyan aƙalla dalar Amurka 50 ga kowane fasinja. Ga manyan tafiye-tafiyen balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron bala'i na Amurka da Kanada, matsakaita na 33% na farashin tikitin jirgin ruwa yana zuwa harajin tashar jiragen ruwa, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaita 14% na hanyar tafiya ta Caribbean. Ta hanyar yin shawarwari tare, gwamnatoci a yankin Greater Caribbean za su iya cimma irin wannan sakamako ga waɗannan wuraren da ake biyan harajin tashar jiragen ruwa.
Sanarwar kwanan nan daga Gwamnatin Antigua & Barbuda ta taƙaita tarihi da halin da ake ciki na harajin safarar jiragen ruwa na yankin, kamar haka. A cikin 1993 kasashen Caricom da farko sun amince da sanya harajin harajin kan tashar jiragen ruwa na dalar Amurka 10 ga fasinjojin jirgin amma ba a taba aiwatar da hakan ba saboda sabani na cikin gida. Yawan haraji na yau a cikin Caribbean shine kamar haka: Dalar Amurka 18 - Bahamas da Tsibirin Virgin na Burtaniya, Dalar Amurka 15 - Jamaica, Dalar Amurka 13.25 - Puerto Rico, Dalar Amurka 7 - Belize, Dalar Amurka 6 - St Kitts & Nevis, Dalar Amurka 5 – St Lucia, US$4.50 – Grenada, US$1.50 – Dominican Republic.
Yi tunanin fa'idar tattalin arziƙin, idan waɗannan ƙimar harajin jirgin ruwa za a iya haɓaka da daidaita su a duk faɗin yankin a manyan matakan da aka lissafa. Za a iya magance ƙalubalen da ya dace da kai tsaye da kuma halin yanzu - filin jirgin sama na yanzu da kuma harajin tikitin jiragen sama a yankin za a iya ragewa don taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan masu ziyara a cikin Caribbean.
Matafiya masu zaman kansu, ko na cikin yanki ko daga wajen Caribbean, suna ciyarwa da yawa fiye da fasinjojin jirgin ruwa da kuma samar da ayyukan yi da yawa fiye da tsarin kasuwancin jirgin ruwa na yau, wanda yanzu ke cin gajiyar ƙasashen Caribbean. Haɓaka maziyartan baƙo yana haifar da haɓaka ƙarin otal-otal da marinas, da sauran nau'ikan gidaje da yawa na saka hannun jari na kayayyakin yawon shakatawa. Rage farashin tikitin jirgin sama yana kiyaye kamfanonin jiragen sama na yanki, kamar LIAT, yawo da haɓaka adadin kujerun jirgin sama zuwa wuraren da ake zuwa Caribbean daga sauran duniya.
Tsarin kasuwancin masana'antar jirgin ruwa ya canza sosai kuma cikin tsauri a cikin shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata kuma bai kamata a sake kallonsa a matsayin “abokin tarayya” mai kyau ga ƙasashen Caribbean ba. Ana samun karuwar hankali a cikin tsibiran da ke da mafi girman adadin jiragen ruwa, kamar St Thomas da Sint Maarten, cewa harajin tashar jiragen ruwa a yau ba su da isasshen diyya ga cunkoson da ke cikin gari, gurbacewar kona man fetur da kadan. kashe bakin tekun fasinjojin jirgin ruwa na yau. Manyan jiragen ruwa a yanzu suna da shaguna da yawa, gidajen caca, gidajen abinci da mashaya waɗanda ke ba da duk fakitin haɗaka waɗanda ke kawar da fasinja gabaɗaya daga ciyarwar gaba. A cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata kwamitocin jiragen ruwa a balaguron balaguron teku sun tashi daga kashi 10% zuwa 50%, abin da ke hana fasinjojin kwata-kwata zuwa gabar teku tare da matsi duk wata ribar riba ga masu gudanar da yawon bude ido na cikin gida. A yau, sama da kashi 80 cikin XNUMX na abin da fasinja ke kashewa a cikin jirgin ruwa yana cikin jirgin.
Yawancin jiragen ruwa na balaguro suna jin daɗin babban yanayi sau biyu - Caribbean na ƙasa da watanni shida da ma'auni na shekara a Alaska ko Bahar Rum - suna aiki kusan kyauta ba tare da harajin kamfani ba tare da ƙarancin kuɗin albashi. Manyan jiragen ruwa sun kai kasa da dalar Amurka 300,000 ga kowane gida don ginawa, yayin da sabbin dakunan otal a yankin Caribbean kudinsu ya ninka wancan adadi a kowane daki don haɓakawa kuma suna da babban lokaci guda ɗaya kawai. Za a iya kallon samfurin kasuwanci mai fa'ida sosai na jirgin ruwa da kuma ƙarin haɓakar yawon shakatawa na kwanan nan a yankin a matsayin abin da zai hana saka hannun jari da sake saka hannun jari a cikin Caribbean.
Adadin fasinjojin jirgin ruwa ya haura miliyan 27 a duk duniya a cikin 2018, kusan kashi 10% daga shekaru biyu da suka gabata. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, ana sa ran sabbin jiragen ruwa 106 za su shiga sabis kuma, a halin yanzu, sama da kashi 50% na jiragen ruwa na duniya suna dogara ne a cikin Caribbean don lokacin hunturu. Masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa masu fa'ida mai fa'ida za su iya ɗaukar harajin tashar jiragen ruwa mafi girma a cikin Caribbean kuma za su yi hakan, da zarar sun fuskanci wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi.
Kada ku yarda da duk wata barazanar layin dogo da za su iya ficewa daga yankin gaba ɗaya. Caribbean ita ce tsibiri daya tilo da ke da kyawawan dabi'u da ingantattun kayayyakin yawon shakatawa, wanda ke tsakanin kafaffen kasuwannin safarar jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Amurka da Turai da kuma kasuwar ciyar da ci gaban Kudancin Amurka.
Shin yanzu ba a bayyane yake ba cewa, aƙalla, akwai cikakkiyar ma'ana don daidaita nauyin haraji tsakanin baƙo na Caribbean da fasinjan jirgin ruwa?
