Jamus ta yi bikin cika shekaru 20 da rushe katangar Berlin

Tare da shagulgulan kade-kade da abubuwan tunawa a ranar Litinin, Jamusawa za su yi bikin ranar da katangar Berlin ta ruguje shekaru 20 da suka gabata. A wannan daren sanyi suka yi ta rawa a saman bango, hannuwa suka ɗaga cikin nasara, hannayensu a dunƙule cikin abota da bege. Shekaru na rabuwa da damuwa sun narke cikin gaskiya mara imani na 'yanci da makoma ba tare da masu gadin iyaka ba, 'yan sanda na sirri, masu ba da labari, da tsattsauran ikon gurguzu.

Jamusawa suna bikin tare da kide-kide da ke nuna Beethoven da Bon Jovi; taron tunawa da mutane 136 da aka kashe a kokarin tsallakawa daga 1961 zuwa 1989; hasken kyandir; da 1,000 dominoes kumfa robobi masu tsayi da za a sanya su tare da hanyar bango kuma a haye.

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1989, Jamus ta gabas sun zo da gungun mutane, suna hawan Trabant, babura, da kekuna masu banƙyama. Daruruwa, sannan dubbai, sannan dubunnan daruruwan suka ketare kwanaki masu zuwa.

Shaguna a yammacin Berlin sun kasance a buɗe a makare, kuma bankuna sun ba da Deutschemarks 100 a cikin "kuɗin maraba," sannan darajar kusan dalar Amurka 50, ga kowane baƙo na Gabashin Jamus.

An shafe kwanaki hudu ana gudanar da bukukuwan, kuma a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, sama da miliyan 3 na al'ummar gabashin Jamus miliyan 16.6 ne suka ziyarci, kusan kashi uku daga cikinsu zuwa yammacin Berlin, sauran ta kofofin budewa tare da sauran shingen shinge, da aka hako ma'adinai wanda ya yanke su. kasar a biyu.

An rushe sassan katangar kusan kilomita 155 (mil 100). Masu yawon bude ido sun cire guntu-guntu don ajiyewa azaman abubuwan tunawa. Iyalan hawaye suka sake haduwa. Bars sun ba da abubuwan sha kyauta. Baƙi sun sumbaci juna kuma suna gasa juna da shampagne.

Klaus-Hubert Fugger, dalibi a Jami'ar Free a Yammacin Berlin, yana shan giya a gidan mashaya lokacin da mutane suka fara zuwa "wanda ya bambanta."

Abokan ciniki sun sayi baƙi zagaye bayan zagaye. Da tsakar dare, maimakon su koma gida, Fugger da wasu uku sun ɗauki tasi zuwa Ƙofar Brandenburg, ƙasar da ba ta daɗe ba, kuma suka daidaita katangar ƙafa 12 (kusan mita huɗu) tare da ɗaruruwan wasu.

Fugger, mai shekara 43 a yanzu ya ce: “Akwai abubuwa da yawa kamar yadda mutane suke kuka, domin sun kasa samun yanayin.

Fugger ya kwana na gaba a kan bango, kuma. Hoton mujallar labarai ya nuna shi sanye da gyale.

"Sai katangar ta cunkushe ko'ina, dubban mutane, kuma ba za ku iya motsawa ba… dole ne ku tura ta cikin tarin jama'a," in ji shi.

Angela Merkel, shugabar gwamnatin Jamus na farko daga tsohuwar gabashin gurguzu, ta tuno da farin cikin a cikin wani jawabi da ta yi a makon da ya gabata ga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.

"Inda akwai wani bango mai duhu kawai, sai wata kofa ta bude ba zato ba tsammani, kuma duk mun bi ta: kan tituna, cikin majami'u, a kan iyakoki," in ji Merkel. "An bai wa kowa damar gina wani sabon abu, don kawo canji, don fara sabon farawa."

Katangar da 'yan gurguzu suka gina a daidai lokacin yakin cacar-baki da ya yi tsayin shekaru 28 ya wuce. Wasu sassa har yanzu suna tsaye, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na waje ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na gidan kayan gargajiya na buɗe ido. Hanyar da ta bi ta cikin birni yanzu tituna ne, wuraren kasuwanci, da gidajen kwana. Abinda kawai ke tunatar da shi shine jerin tubalin da aka shimfida wanda ke bin hanyarsa.

Dubawa Charlie, prefab ɗin da ke da tsayin alamar kasancewar Allied da tashin hankali na Yaƙin Cacar, an ƙaura zuwa gidan kayan tarihi a yammacin Berlin.

Potsdamer Platz, filin wasa mai ban sha'awa da aka lalata a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ya zama ƙasar da ba kowa a lokacin yakin cacar baka, yana cike da manyan shaguna da ke sayar da komai daga iPods zuwa gasassun bratwursts.

A wani biki da aka gudanar a Berlin a ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba Helmut Kohl shugaban gwamnatin Jamus wanda ya jagoranci bude katangar ya tsaya kafada da kafada da shuwagabannin kasashen masu karfin fada aji na lokacin George HW Bush da Mikhail Gorbachev.

Bayan shekaru da dama na kunya da suka biyo bayan zamanin Nazi, Kohl ya ba da shawarar cewa rugujewar katangar Berlin da sake hadewar kasarsu watanni 11 bayan haka ya baiwa Jamusawa alfahari.

"Ba mu da dalilai da yawa a tarihinmu da za mu yi alfahari da su," in ji Kohl, mai shekaru 79 a yanzu. Amma a matsayina na shugabar gwamnati, "Ba ni da wani abu mafi kyau, ko wani abin alfahari da ya wuce haɗawar Jamus."

A wata hira da ya yi da kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press a birnin Moscow, Gorbachev ya ce hakan ne zai samar da zaman lafiya.

“Komai wahala, mun yi aiki, mun sami fahimtar juna, kuma mun ci gaba. Mun fara rage makaman nukiliya, da rage karfin sojojin da ke Turai, da kuma warware wasu batutuwan,” in ji shi.

Duk ya fara da taron labarai na yau da kullun na yamma.

A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1989, Guenter Schabowski, memba na Politburo mai mulki a gabashin Jamus, ya bayyana a hankali cewa Jamusawan gabacin za su sami 'yanci zuwa yamma nan da nan.

Daga baya, ya yi ƙoƙari ya fayyace kalaman nasa kuma ya ce za a ɗauki sabbin dokokin da tsakar dare, amma abubuwan da suka faru sun yi sauri yayin da maganar ke yaɗuwa.

A wata mashigar nesa a kudancin Berlin, Annemarie Reffert da yarta mai shekaru 15 sun kafa tarihi inda suka zama Jamusawa ta gabas na farko da suka tsallaka kan iyaka.

Reffert, mai shekaru 66 a yanzu, ta tuna sojojin gabashin Jamus sun yi asara lokacin da ta yi ƙoƙarin ketare iyaka.

"Na yi jayayya cewa Schabowski ya ce an bar mu mu wuce," in ji ta. Sojojin kan iyaka sun hakura. Wani jami'in kwastam ya yi mamakin cewa ba ta da kaya.

"Abin da muke so shi ne mu ga ko da gaske za mu iya tafiya," in ji Reffert.

Shekaru bayan haka, Schabowski ya gaya wa wani mai hira da talabijin cewa ya gauraye. Ba shawara ba ce, sai dai wani daftarin doka da ofishin ‘yan sanda zai tattauna. Ya yi tunanin hukuncin da aka riga aka amince da shi ne.

A wannan dare, da tsakar dare, masu gadin kan iyaka suka bude kofa. Ta hanyar Checkpoint Charlie, saukar da Invalidenstrasse, ƙetare gadar Glienicke, mutane da yawa sun yi tururuwa zuwa Yammacin Berlin, ba tare da katsewa ba, ba su da ƙarfi, idanu da suka wuce.