Ta yaya Yaki Ya Shafi Sa'o'in Jirage?

Gabas ta Tsakiya ta kasance wata mahimmiyar hanyar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duniya, tana ba da damar ɗaruruwan jiragen sama na yau da kullun waɗanda ke haɗa Amurka, Turai, da Asiya saboda dabarun wurin da suke.

Yaki tsakanin Isra'ila kuma Hamas, hade da karuwar tashe-tashen hankula a yankin da ke fama da rikici, ya sanya zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a kan wadannan hanyoyin ke da wahala. Kamfanonin jiragen sama sun rage ayyuka saboda matsalolin tsaro da suka taso daga wannan tashin hankali.

Yakin Rasha-Ukraine

Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine ya haifar da rufe sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya, wanda ya haifar da tsaiko ga zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Wannan rufewar, wacce ta shafi shahararrun hanyoyin kamar manyan hanyoyin da'ira ta Siberiya masu haɗa nahiyoyin duniya, ta ƙara sa'o'i ga tafiye-tafiye da yawa.

Kamfanin jiragen sama na Isra'ila, El Al, ya canza hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta hanyar gujewa yawancin tsibirin Larabawa saboda matsalolin tsaro, wanda ya haifar da dogon hanyoyi zuwa wurare kamar Bangkok. Kamfanin jirgin ya jinkirta sabis zuwa Indiya kuma ya soke hanyoyin zuwa Tokyo na yanayi. Wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa sun dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa Tel Aviv yayin rikicin, tare da Lufthansa ya dakatar da tashin Beirut na wani dan lokaci. Air France-KLM ya lura da raguwar buƙatun fasinja na tafiye-tafiye zuwa yankin.

Yakin Isra'ila da Falasdinu

Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu da ke ci gaba da haifar da haɗari ga matafiya a kan kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke ratsa wuraren da ake rikici.

Rikicin cikin gida a Gabas ta Tsakiya ya sanya Yemen, Siriya, da Sudan haramtawa ga yawancin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Jiragen saman Amurka da na Burtaniya sun nisanta daga sararin samaniyar Iran, suna yin jigilar jirage masu nisa zuwa yamma a kan Iraki. Yayin da rikicin na baya-bayan nan bai haifar da tsaikon tashin jirage a yankin ba, tashin hankalin yana dagula hanyoyin jiragen sama a kan Iran da Iraki. Hare-haren da ake kaiwa dakarun Amurka da na kawancen kasashen Iraqi da Syria, tare da gargadin Iran kan yiwuwar sake barkewar rikici sakamakon mamayar da Isra'ila ta yi a zirin Gaza, na kara nuna damuwa kan wadannan hanyoyin jiragen.

Yiwuwar rufewar sararin samaniya a Gabas ta Tsakiya na iya yin tasiri kusan jirage 300 na yau da kullun tsakanin Turai da Kudu/Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, kamar yadda kamfanin nazarin jiragen sama Cirium ya bayyana. Masu jigilar kaya suna da hanyoyi daban-daban, kodayake masu tsada ne kuma ba su da haɗari, kamar karkatar da kudanci kan Masar (sakamakon jirage masu tsayi) ko arewa kan yankunan rikice-rikice na baya-bayan nan kamar Armeniya da Azerbaijan, sannan kewayawa ko sama da Afghanistan.

Illar Yake Akan Aikin Jirgin Sama

Anne Agnew Correa, babban mataimakin shugaban kasa a MBA Aviation, ya bayyana cewa gagarumin rufe sararin samaniyar zai haifar da gagarumin kalubale ga ayyukan kamfanonin jiragen sama da kungiyoyin sarrafa kudaden shiga. Masu jigilar kayayyaki daga Tarayyar Turai, Burtaniya, Amurka, da Kanada sun riga sun fuskanci hanyoyi masu tsada saboda haramcin sararin samaniyar Rasha a kan jiragen na Asiya. Wannan lamarin ya sa Finnair Oyj ya sake sabunta dabarunsa na nesa, wanda ya haifar da rugujewar jiragen sama saboda raguwar iya aiki. Bugu da kari, Air France-KLM ya saka hannun jari a cikin jiragen A350 masu dogon zango don kewaya haramcin sararin samaniyar Rasha.

A cikin 2021, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta kiyasta cewa kowane ƙarin sa'a na jirgin don balaguron balaguro na yau da kullun ya haifar da ƙarin farashi kusan dalar Amurka 7,227.

John Gradek, kwararre a harkokin sufurin jiragen sama a Jami'ar McGill, ya lura cewa kashe kudi kamar man fetur da kuma aiki sun karu tun daga lokacin, yana kara kara wa wadannan kudade.

Masu jigilar kayayyaki kamar China Eastern Airlines suna amfani da fa'idar farashin su kuma suna sake fitowa a kasuwannin duniya.

Kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na kasar Sin sun ga girma a karfin kujeru tsakanin Sin da Burtaniya, wanda ya zarce matakan riga-kafi. Sun sami rabon kasuwa daga British Airways da Virgin Atlantic Airways. An lura da irin wannan yanayin a Italiya, inda kamfanonin jiragen sama na China ke samun karuwa tare da karuwar 20% na iya aiki.

Koyaya, jirage daga China zuwa Jamus, Faransa, da Netherlands har yanzu suna kan baya a matakin 2019 da kashi 20% ko sama da haka, tare da dillalan China suna samun rabo a waɗannan kasuwanni.

Duk da karuwar mitoci zuwa Shanghai da Beijing, yawan kujerun kujerun British Airways zuwa China ya kasance kusan kashi 40% kasa da matakan 2019. Gabaɗaya, IAG SA ya ba da rahoton raguwar ƙarfin 54% ga yankin Asiya-Pacific a cikin kwata na uku idan aka kwatanta da 2019.

Shugaban Kamfanin na Air France-KLM, Ben Smith, ya ambata a cikin kiran da aka yi a ranar 27 ga Oktoba cewa, kamfanin jirgin ba ya ganin kansa a cikin wani hali, tun da yawancin abokan cinikinsa suna shakkar sanya ma'aikatansu a cikin jiragen da ke tsallakawa Rasha zuwa China.

Air India, kamar kamfanonin jiragen sama na China, yana da ikon ɗaukar ƙarin hanyoyin kai tsaye akan Rasha zuwa Amurka da Kanada. Duk da saukar gaggawar da aka yi a gabashin Rasha sakamakon matsalar injin jirgin da ya taso daga birnin New Delhi zuwa San Francisco, shugaban kamfanin na Air France-KLM, Ben Smith, ya jaddada cewa babu wani matsin lamba na shawagi a sararin samaniyar Rasha domin samun isasshen lokaci. Bayanan Cirium ya nuna sanannen farfadowar Air India, yana kama kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na kasuwar jirgin Indiya da Amurka da kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na kasuwar Indiya-Kanada, yayin da Air Canada ya rasa ikonsa na farko a cikin 2019.

John Grant, babban manazarci a kamfanin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na OAG, yayi kashedin game da karuwar hadarin ga masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama saboda karuwar yanayin rufe sararin samaniya. Grant ya nuna cewa halin da ake ciki yanzu yana gabatar da duniyar da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba na irin wannan rufewar ya zama ruwan dare, yana haifar da haɗari ga masana'antar.