Dokar tafiya: Hadarin hawan dawakai a Happy Trails

A cikin labarin na wannan makon, mun tattauna batun Melendez v. Happy Trails and Riding Center, Inc., 2016 WL 5402745 (MD Pa. 2016) wanda "Mai gabatar da kara, Wilberto Melendez, ya shigar da kara guda daya tare da wannan Kotu a kan wanda ake tuhuma. , Happy Trails and Riding Center, Inc., korafin ya yi zargin cewa mai shigar da kara ya samu rauni sakamakon sakacin wanda ake tuhuma a cikin harkokin kasuwancin da ya yi hayar dawakai da kayan aiki ga jama'a don hawan doki na nishaɗi. Bayan kammala binciken, wanda ake tuhuma” ya nemi yanke hukunci a taƙaice bisa dalilan cewa an hana mai shigar da kara daga murmurewa saboda yarjejeniyar da za a iya aiwatar da ita kuma, a madadin haka, alhakin wanda ake tuhuma, idan akwai, an iyakance shi da Dokar Kariya ta Ayyukan Equine. Kotun ta ki amincewa da bukatar wanda ake kara gaba dayanta.

Sabunta Manufofin Ta'addanci

Nakiyoyin Kambodiya

A cikin Beating da rashin daidaito da kuma share nakiyoyi a Cambodia, Travelwirenews (9/12/2017) an lura da cewa "Na fara daukar hoton Tith Pao bayan da wata nakiya ta dauke kafarsa a 1992. A lokacin, Cambodia na daya daga cikin Kasashen da ake hako ma'adinai a duniya, tare da Afghanistan da Angola. Daidai shekaru 25 bayan haka, na dawo don ziyarci Pao na tarar da gundumar ta canza, kusan ba ta da nakiyoyi… A farkon shekarun 1990, ƙungiyoyi daban-daban… an kiyasta cewa akwai nakiyoyi miliyan 8-10 da suka warwatse a cikin Cambodia- fiye da ɗaya ga kowane namiji, mace. da yaro". Bravo!

Paris, Faransa

A cikin mutane 2 da aka kama a kusa da birnin Paris sun shirya kai harin ta'addanci, suna son shiga kungiyar ISIS-Faransa mai gabatar da kara, Travelwirenews (9/10/2017) an lura da cewa "Mutane biyu da aka kama bayan gano wasu abubuwa masu fashewa da abubuwan fashewa a wani gida a cikin Paris Mai gabatar da kara na birnin Paris ya ce, unguwar Villejuif ta so tada bam ne domin ta'addanci."

London, England

A wani mutum da ake tuhuma da laifin ta'addanci a kan lamarin takobin fadar Buckingham, Travelwirenews (8/31/2017) an lura da cewa "An tuhumi wani mutum da laifin ta'addanci a wajen fadar Buckingham a yammacin ranar Juma'a wanda ya yi sanadin jikkata 'yan sanda uku".

Sina'i, Masar

An kashe mutane 18 a wani harin kwantan bauna da kungiyar ISIL ta kai a zirin Sinai na kasar Masar, Travelwirenews (9/11/2017). wannan shekara a yankin da ke da tashe-tashen hankula”.

Fasfo na Siriya, Kowa?

A cikin ISIL na rike da fasfo na Syria mara komai 11,100: Rahoton, Travelwirenews (9/10/2017) an lura cewa "Hukumomin Jamus sun yi imanin cewa ISIL na rike da fasfo na Syria kusan 11,100 wadanda za a iya kammala su da bayanan kowane mutum…. Fasfo din da ba komai... Fasfo din da aka sace takardun shaida ne na gaske wadanda har yanzu ba a cika su ba… suna mai da su kayan aiki masu mahimmanci na jabu”.

Santa Monica, Kaliforniya'da

A Santa Monica Pier da aka kora saboda barazanar bam, Travelwirenews (9/11/2017) an lura da cewa "'yan sanda da suka kaurace wa wuraren yawon bude ido suna bincike kan barazanar bam a Santa Monica Pier. Lokacin da aka yi irin wannan fargabar a bikin cika shekaru 16 da hare-haren ta'addanci na 11 ga watan Satumba na iya haifar da matsalar tsaro."

Daliban Amurka sun yi zargin fyade a Italiya

A cikin kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters, dalibai biyu na Amurka sun tuhumi ‘yan sandan Italiya da laifin fyade, nytimes (9/9/2017) an lura da cewa “Ministan tsaron Italiya ya ce akwai ‘wani dalili’ kan zargin da wasu daliban Amurka biyu suka yi cewa an yi musu fyade a Florence 'Yan sandan Carabinieri. Matan biyu, masu shekaru 19 da 21, sun ce an yi musu fyade ne da sanyin safiyar ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, bayan da jami’an ‘yan sandan Carabinieri da ke sintiri suka ba su daga wani gidan rawa na dare a birnin Italiya. ‘Yan sandan biyu sun musanta zargin”.

Lahadi da dare a Texas

An kashe mutane 8, 2 sun jikkata a wani harbin bindiga a Texas, Travelwirenews (9/1/2017) An lura da cewa “‘Yan sanda… sun harbe wani mutum bayan ya bude wuta kan mutane a wurin wani biki, inda ya kashe bakwai. An kai harin ne a Plano da ke wajen arewacin birnin Dallas a daren Lahadi, lokacin da wadanda aka kashe suka gudanar da wani shagalin kallon kwallon kafa. Makwabtan yankin sun shaida wa kafafen yada labaran kasar cewa sun ji karar harbe-harbe guda 30”.

Shawarar Balaguro na Turkiyya

A cikin ''Bad Joke'' Babbar mataimakiyar Merkel ta caccaki shawarar tafiye-tafiyen Turkiyya ga Jamus, Travelwirenews (9/11/2017) an lura da cewa "Shawarwari na tafiye-tafiyen da Turkiyya ta bayar a baya-bayan nan ta gargadi 'yan kasar kan kyamar baki da wariyar launin fata a Jamus, wani 'mummunan wasa ne', wanda ya bata wa 'yan kasar rai. A ranar Asabar, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Turkiyya ta gargadi 'yan kasar da su 'yi taka tsantsan' kuma su kwantar da hankalinsu wajen fuskantar ''kalaman wariyar launin fata da kyamar baki'. Ma'aikatar ta bayyana a shafinta na yanar gizo cewa, "An shawarce mu 'yan kasarmu da ke Jamus ko shirin ziyartar kasar nan da su kasance cikin fushi, kau da kai daga tattaunawa ta siyasa da kuma kauracewa taron da kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda ke yi gabanin zaben."

Yaki Don Abinci

A cikin 'Yaƙin neman abinci': kwashewa da sace-sacen jama'a a kan Saint Martin biyo bayan barnar Irma, Travelwirenews (9/12/2017) an lura da cewa "Gwamnatocin Amurka, Dutch da Faransa suna ci gaba da kwashe mutane daga tsibirin Saint Martin na Caribbean. ana ci gaba da bayyana tashe-tashen hankulan jama'a da sace-sacen jama'a”.

Zombie Dogs a Chicago

A cikin Roaming 'zombie karnuka' sun sanya mazauna Chicago a gefe, Travelwirenews (9/2/2017) an lura cewa "An gargadi mazauna wani yanki na Chicago da su ajiye dabbobinsu a gida saboda tsoron kada a cije su ta hanyar yawo' karnukan zombie. '. ‘Yan sanda a Hanover Park sun yi wannan gargadin ne a wani sakon da suka wallafa a shafin Facebook jiya Alhamis bayan samun rahotanni da dama da ke cewa karnukan da ba su da abinci ko rashin kulawa suna yawo a kauyen Illinois”.

Hatsi Bin Cabin, Kowa?

A cikin ɗakunan abinci na hatsi suna haɓaka yawon shakatawa a Iowa, Travelwirenews (9/2/2017) an lura da cewa "Biyan hatsi guda biyu suna tashi a rana, suna kama hasken da ke tashi daga tafkin Dog Creek…. sai dai gadaje, Smart TVs, firiji, dakunan wanka da gadaje biyu. Barka da zuwa Grain Bin Cabins, sabbin abubuwa a Dog Creek Park, hanyar tafiya mai girman eka 160 da Hukumar Kula da Kariyar Garin O'Brien ke gudanarwa. Gidajen, waɗanda kowane gida zai iya zuwa baƙi 14, ana hayar su akan $150 kowace dare, a mafi ƙarancin dare 2. "

Gidajen Hutu na London

A Vora, Kuna Neman Hayar Hutu na London? Mun gwada Jagorar Plum, nytimes (9/1/2017) an lura da cewa "Shaharar gidajen hutu a London sun karu bayan kuri'ar raba gardama na Brexit na bazara: Kamfanonin da ke da kasancewar kasa da kasa, kamar Airbnb, Onefinestay da Oasis suna da duka. ya ba da rahoton wani gagarumin tsalle a cikin haya, yayin da ɗimbin sabbin 'yan wasa da ke ba da haya kawai a Landan, irin su Plum, Guide da Cuckooz sun ga kasuwancin su na girma cikin sauri…The Plum Guide's (banbancin fasalin) shine tsarin gwaji mai ƙarfi wanda ƙwararrun baƙi. yana gudanar da kowane gida kafin a karɓi wannan kadarar zuwa rukunin yanar gizon… ɗaya kawai cikin 100 ya wuce ka'idodin 150 daban-daban da kamfani ya gindaya.

Tarar Hayar Gida A Miami

A Kolodny, Masu Gida sun fuskanci wani bala'i mai ban tsoro na Airbnb yayin da masu haya suka bar su suna fuskantar cin tara mai yawa, maƙwabta masu fushi, msn an lura cewa "A Miami Beach-kamar New York, San Diego da sauran sauran biranen Amurka na gajeren lokaci na haya irin wanda aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar. Airbnb, VRBO, TripAdvisor da sauransu suna da iyaka. Dokoki, kudade da haraji sun bambanta a yanki, amma tara tarar laifuka suna da yawa. A bakin tekun Miami, tarar tana gudana a $20,000 don cin zarafi na farko kuma ya tashi daga can”.

Hayar Hutu ta Zama Matsuguni

A Dorman, Hutu Rentals Juya Zuwa Matsuguni a Harvey's Wake, nytimes (9/3/2017) an lura da cewa "Kusan gidaje da dakuna 1,100 ana ba da kyauta ga masu gudun hijirar Hurricane Harvey ta wuraren haya na hutu, wanda hakan ya sa masu masaukin ba su zama masu aiki ba. na kananan matsuguni a daidai lokacin da dubunnan dubbai suka rasa matsugunansu a Texas da Louisiana. Mafi yawan jerin abubuwan kyauta-kusan 1,000-suna kan Airbnb. Kuma a cikin wata alama cewa rukunin yanar gizon, wanda ya fara a matsayin musayar 'yan wasa-da-tsara, ya girma, birnin Houston yana dogara da shi don nemo ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na gaggawa wurin zama su ma".

Dalibi Ya Mutu A Ibiza

A cikin 'Jakunkuna biyar na farin ciki sun fashe' a cikin wata dalibar lauya da aka gano gawarsu a Ibiza, Travelwirenews (9/5/2017) an gano cewa "An tsinci gawar wata matashiya dalibin lauya a dakin otel Ibiza bayan buhu biyar dauke da allunan farin ciki. ta fashe a cikinta, aka ji bincike, inda mahaifiyar ta ce ta yiwu an tilasta mata hadiye su. (Ms. X), 18 an gano ta da wani tafki na jini kusa da kai a dakin otal bayan ta tafi tsibirin don bikin ranar haihuwar wata kawarta”.

Gidajen kayan tarihi na Mota, Kowa?

A cikin Miller, Daga cikin Masters a Ferrari da Lamborghini Museums, nytimes (9/4/2017) an lura da cewa "Mun fara a Museo Lamborghini mai hawa biyu kusa da masana'antar kamfanin a Sant'Agata Bolognese… da sauri muka zo. slinky Miura, wanda Caleb ya kira 'daya daga cikin mafi kyawun motoci na kowane lokaci" sananne don sa hannun sa ' gashin ido' a kusa da fitilolin mota ".

A Schembari, Inda aka Haifi Mercedes-Benz da Porsche, a nytimes (9/4/2017) an lura cewa "Stuttgart gida ce ga waɗannan samfuran alatu guda biyu… Tasha ta farko ita ce Mercedes, wacce ke ba da tafiya mai ban sha'awa ta hanyar haihuwar Motar da ke da irin kayan kwalliyar ido na tarihi-karfe da za ta ba wa mai son kishin mota mamaki. Amma kafin ma in shiga gidan tarihin, ginin ya ba ni mamaki. Zane ne na heliks biyu… kuma yana zaune kamar jauhari mai zagaye akan titin Mercedes”.

An Ci Tarar Fasinjojin Jirgin Sama Mai Rashin Da'a

A cikin Wannan Fasinja da ake zargin ya bugu ne kawai an ci tarar $100,000 saboda aikata wasu munanan Abubuwa a Jirgin Jirgin Hawan, msn (9/2/2017) an lura cewa "Ka yi tunanin cewa kana cikin 'yan sa'o'i a cikin jirgin na sa'o'i 12 ba tsayawa daga Honolulu. zuwa birnin New York kuma wani fasinja a fili ya fara kururuwa (kuma yana zagi sosai) ga ma'aikatan jirgin, sauran fasinjoji, budurwarsa da yaran budurwarsa…. A cewar wani rahoto na New York Post, fasinjan ya yi kalamai masu barazana ga rayuwa, 'wanda ya fashe. An tilastawa wani ma'aikacin jirgin sama a kafada da fasinjoji shiga don horar da shi… kawai alkalin tarayya ya umarci fasinjan da ya biya Hawaiian Airlines kudi dala $98,817 na tsawon lokaci da ya yi a la-la land (da kuma watanni uku). 'probation)".

Kamfanoni Masu Rahusa

A Maidenberg, Ta yaya Ƙananan Kuɗaɗen Jiragen Sama ke Canza Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na Flying, nytimes (9/1/2017) an lura da cewa "Fiye da shekaru uku, matsakaicin kudin shiga tsakanin Detroit da Philadelphia bai taɓa nutsewa ƙasa da $308 ba kuma wani lokacin yana motsawa. mafi girma, sama da $385 a lokaci guda. Amma a farkon shekarar 2016, farashin farashi ya fara faɗuwa ba zato ba tsammani, bisa ga bayanai daga Ofishin Kididdiga na Sufuri. A ƙarshen shekara, matsakaicin tikitin tikitin hanya ɗaya tsakanin biranen biyu ya tsaya akan $183 kawai. Me ya canza? Babban abin da ya fi dacewa shine Spirit Airlines… Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa suna ci gaba da taka rawa wajen daidaita farashin tikiti. Duk da yake irin waɗannan kamfanonin jiragen sama suna ba da ƙwarewar fasinja mara amfani kuma suna cajin kuɗi da yawa don irin waɗannan abubuwan more rayuwa kamar ƙarin jakunkuna ko ƙarin ɗaki, suna iya haɓaka sabbin buƙatu daga masu jigilar kaya lokaci-lokaci tare da farashi mai arha har ma da ɗaukar fasinjoji daga manyan dillalai ". Bravo.

Babban Yakin Jirgin Sama

A cikin Bachman & Schlangenstein, Wanene zai yi nasara a babban yakin jirgin sama na 2017?, msn (9/8/2017) an lura cewa "Ga matafiya, bikin jirgin sama ne a wannan lokacin rani tare da jiragen gida da yawa mai rahusa fiye da kwalban giya mai kyau. . Ana iya samun Chicago zuwa Los Angeles akan $49, Dallas zuwa San Francisco shine $40 kawai kuma Denver zuwa Dallas yana tafiya akan $ 25 kawai - kawai isa ga ingantacciyar pinot. Kamfanonin jiragen sama da masu saka hannun jarin su sun raina wa] annan ku] a] en ku] a] en.

Uber's New CEO

A cikin Sabon shiga, Sabon Shugaban Kamfanin Uber yana Fuskantar Matsalolin Gyara-It a matsayin Crises Span Globe, msn (8/29/2017) an lura cewa "Uber ('s) mai shigowa (Shugaba) Dara Khosrowshahi ya gaji kasuwancin duniya mai cike da rikice-rikice tare da rikice-rikicen da ke yaduwa a duk faɗin duniya. nahiyoyin duniya…Halin tashin hankali na farawa ya bar sahun raunukan da suka ji wa kansu a hanya. Wadancan cece-kuce-ciki har da kara shakku game da fyaden fasinja, amfani da manhaja da nufin (gujewa) jami'an tilasta bin doka, wani gagarumin bincike kan albarkatun bil'adama da ya taso sakamakon zargin cin zarafi da fafatawar shari'a da Alphabet Inc.-karshe ya fadi Kalanick bayan wasu daga cikinsu. Manyan masu saka hannun jari na Uber sun nemi murabus...wasu daga cikin gobarar da sabon shugaban Uber zai bukaci kashewa. (1) Cika matsayi na zartarwa tare da ƙwararrun shugabanni… (2) Gyara ɗabi'ar ma'aikaci da al'adun Uber… (3) Juyar da riba da masu fafatawa… (4) Inganta alaƙa da direbobi… (5) Kashe ƙararraki, haɗarin doka da masu gudanarwa …(6) Sanya yarjejeniyar SoftBank, sannan ku shirya mafita…(7) Gano abin da za ku yi game da Kalanick da hukumar da ke cikin damuwa”.

Lyft Yana Samun Dama

A cikin Krisher & Liedtke, Lyft yana amfani da dama yayin da Uber ke ƙoƙarin ƙetare matsaloli, msn (9/1/2017) an lura cewa "Lokacin da tashin hankalin gudanarwa (a Uber ya fara) Lyft ya koma cikin overdrive. Kamfanin ya yi amfani da wannan damar wajen daukar direbobin da ba su da tushe balle makama ta yadda zai iya zama mai daukar hankali ga fasinjojin da ke neman madadin hawa-hawa na Uber. Ta inganta manhajar wayar salula ta wayar salula, ta kara kaimi wajen tallata tallace-tallacen don jawo hankalin mahaya da yawa, sannan ta fadada hidimar ta na Amurka zuwa karin birane 160 a jimillar kusan 350 (da kuma) ta sanar da cewa tana kara fadin jihar zuwa jihohi 32, lamarin da ya kawo jimillarsa zuwa wasu garuruwa 40. XNUMX ″. Bravo.

Taxify Chasing Uber A London

A cikin Uber a kula: Taxify mai goyon bayan Didi yana zuwa bayan ku a Landan, Travelwirenews (9/4/2017) an lura da cewa "Kamfanin Estoniya Taxify, wanda ke samun goyon bayan Didi-Chuxing na China, yana ƙaddamar da shi a babban birnin Burtaniya tare da kai tsaye manufar kwace dubunnan direbobi da fasinjoji daga Uber…Taxify yana da 3,000 masu yuwuwar direbobin Burtaniya waɗanda suka yi rajista…Taxify yana ba da ragi na 50% ga mahayan a cikin Satumba”. Bravo.

Uber Don Ƙarshen Bibiyar Tafiya Bayan Tafiya

A cikin Volz, Uber don kawo karshen bin diddigin mahayan bayan tafiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na tura sirrin sirri, reuters (8/28/2017) an lura cewa Uber "yana jan fasalin da aka soki daga app ɗin sa wanda ya ba shi damar bin diddigin mahayan har zuwa Minti biyar bayan tafiya, babban jami'in tsaronsa ya shaida wa kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters, yayin da kamfanin ke kokarin gyara mummunan sunansa na sirrin abokin ciniki".

Hukuncin Dokar Balaguro Na Mako

A cikin shari'ar Melendez, Kotun ta lura cewa "Mai shigar da kara… ya tafi bargar wanda ake tuhuma a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2014, don dalilai na hawan doki. Bayan tawagarsa ta iso, mai shigar da kara ya shiga ofishin barga domin yin rajista. An gabatar da mai ƙara da fom ('yarjejeniyar') wanda ya bayyana, sashin da ya dace: YARJEJIN SHIGA DA/KO SAKI DA SAUKI, YARDA DA ALHAZAI DA YARDA DA HADARI: DON GANIN IZININ INGANTATTU DA INGANTATTU. HANYOYIN HAWAN TSAFARKI DA YIN DOKI DA DOKI DA DUKKAN AL'AMURAN DAKE DA alaƙa" [an bayyana sharuɗɗan a ra'ayin Kotun].

A Cutar

“Wani ma’aikacin Happy Trails ya sanar da mai shigar da kara cewa dole ne mai shigar da kara ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar domin ya hau doki. Mai shigar da kara ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar. Baya ga yarjejeniyar, akwai alamun da aka buga a cikin ofis, a wajen ofis, da kuma wurin barga wanda ya karanta 'Kuna ɗaukar haɗarin ayyukan equine bisa ga Dokar Pennsylvania'. Bayan kammala yarjejeniyar, Mai gabatar da kara ya jira yayin da wani ma'aikacin Happy Trails ya shimfiɗa doki. Daga nan sai mai karar ya hau dokin kuma ya shiga cikin rukunin dawaki mai shiryarwa na tsawon mintuna arba’in da biyar masu zuwa ba tare da wata matsala ba. Sau da yawa a lokacin hawan, mai ƙara ya nemi izini daga jagorar don ya yi tsalle. An gaya wa mai ƙara cewa yana da haɗari sosai don yin a kan hanya. A karshen hawan, daya daga cikin jagororin ya kawo mai gabatar da kara daga kungiyar domin mai kara ya iya hana doki. Sai mai kara ya sanya dokin a cikin lungu da sako yayin da yake juyowa, sai abin ya faru, sai mai kara ya fado daga dabbar. Mai gabatar da kara ya ce wanda ake tuhumar idan har ba shi da laifi ko kuma aibu ne kuma hakan ne ya janyo faduwar tasa. Mai gabatar da kara ya kara da cewa wannan faduwa ta haifar da karaya da hakarkarinsa da kuma pneumothorax”.

Yarjejeniyar Exculpatory

“Wani magana mai tsauri yana da inganci idan (1) sashin ‘ba ya saba wa manufofin jama’a’; (2) kwangilar shine 'tsakanin mutanen da ke da alaƙa gaba ɗaya ga al'amuransu na sirri', kuma (3) kowane ɓangare na 'wakilin ciniki kyauta ne ga yarjejeniyar don kwangilar ba ɗaya ce ta mannewa ba. , LP, 2 A. 3d 1174, 1189 (Pa. 2010)]. Duk da haka, ingantacciyar magana ta uzuri ba za ta iya aiki ba 'sai dai idan harshen ɓangarorin ya bayyana a fili cewa an sauke mutumin da alhakinsa na sakaci'. Kwangilolin da ke yiwa jam’iyya rigakafi ga laifin sakaci ba doka ta amince da su ba”.

Ka'idojin Pennsylvania

“Don haka, kotunan Pennsylvania sun kafa ƙa’idodi da yawa waɗanda ke gudanar da aiwatar da ƙa’idodin ƙa’ida: (1) dole ne a yi amfani da yaren kwangila sosai, tunda doka ba ta yarda da yare mai ban tsoro; (2) Dole ne kwangilar ta bayyana niyyar ƙungiyoyin da ke da fifiko mafi girma, ba tare da shakka ba ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma babu wani ra'ayi daga kalmomi na gaba ɗaya da zai iya tabbatar da manufar ƙungiyoyin; (3) Dole ne a yi la'akari da harshen kwangilar, a lokuta masu wuyar gaske, game da ƙungiyar da ke neman kariya daga abin alhaki; da (4) nauyin kafa rigakafi yana kan jam'iyyar da ke neman kariya a karkashin magana [wanda aka ambata Tayar v. Camelback Ski Corp., 47 A.3d 1190, 1196 (Pa. 2012)]. Ƙari ga haka, ƙayyadaddun sharuddan ba za su iya yin rigakafi ga wata ƙungiya don ganganci ko halin rashin kulawa ba. "

Inganci A Fuskar Sa

Da alama yarjejeniyar tana aiki a fuskarta. "Da farko yarjejeniyar ba ta keta duk wata manufar jama'a ta Pennsylvania, Dangane da Dokar Kariya na Ayyukan Equine-wanda aka tattauna a cikin sashe na gaba- da makamantansu na magance sauran ayyukan nishaɗi, manufar jihar ce ta ƙarfafa shiga cikin waɗannan ayyukan, duk da haka. Haɗarinsu na asali, kuma suna ba da haɗarin asara ga waɗanda suka zaɓi shiga cikinsu…Bugu da ƙari, kotunan Pennsylvania sun riƙe a matsayin ingantattun yarjejeniyoyin ƙwazo a cikin mahallin wasu ayyuka daban-daban masu haɗari na nishaɗi [misali, skiing, tudun dusar ƙanƙara. , tseren mota, hawan babur]. Na biyu yarjejeniya ta kasance tsakanin wasu mutane masu zaman kansu… dangane da batun sirri kawai na hayar doki don abubuwan nishaɗi. A ƙarshe, wannan ba kwangilar mannewa bane.

Kayan aiki marasa lahani

“Da ya koma kan aiwatar da doka, mai shigar da kara ya ce wanda ake tuhuma ya kasa cika nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansa don nuna ko dai cewa nakasassun kayan aiki na da nasaba da hawan doki, ko kuma harshen yarjejeniyar ya nuna cewa mai shigar da kara ya fito fili ya dauki hadarin nakasa kayan aiki… Don haka, mai gabatar da kara ya yi jayayya, saboda hadarin ba a iya gani ba kuma ba a cikin yarjejeniyar ba, mai gabatar da kara ba zai iya fahimtar hadarin ba saboda haka ba zai iya ɗauka ba ... nakasassun kayan aiki ba haɗari ba ne a cikin wasanni na hawan doki, wannan batu ba shi da kyau".

Rashin kulawa

“Maganar da wanda ake tuhuma ya yi na cewa ayyukansa ba su kai ga sakaci ba, bai gamsar da nauyin da ke kansa ba don nuna cewa babu wata takaddama ta gaskiya a zahiri. Rahoton ya nuna cewa Happy Grails ya ba da sirdi don hawan mai ƙara, da cewa tashin hankali a kan wannan sirdi ya karye a lokacin hawan, kuma mai ƙara ya fado daga doki lokacin da abin ya faru. Ayyukan Happy Trails ne, ba abokin ciniki ba, don duba kayan aikin, amma ba a adana bayanan bincike ko gyara ba, haka ma mai Happy Trails bai iya cewa ko wani binciken takamaiman abin tayar da hankali ya faru a ranar da hatsarin ya faru. . Mai Happy Trials ya shaida cewa ya siyo sirdi da aka yi amfani da shi a Intanet da kuma daga wasu mutanen da suka shiga kasuwancinsa.

Halin Cavalier

"Maigidan Hanyoyi masu farin ciki sun nuna wani hali mai ban sha'awa game da aminci, yana mai cewa abokan ciniki suna ɗaukar duk haɗarin da ke tattare da aikin, ciki har da fasa kayan aiki, ma'aikatan sun kasa sanya kayan aikin dawakai daidai da ma'aikatan da suka kasa samar da kayan aiki na yau da kullum kamar masu motsa jiki ko amarya. …Saboda haka abin tambaya a nan shi ne ko matakin da wanda ake tuhuma ya kai ga sakaci...kasancewar mai gabatar da kara bai yi taka-tsan-tsan ba a cikin korafin nasa, ba zai yi muni ba ga ikirarin nasa”.

Dokar Kariya na Ayyukan Equine

“Dokar EAIA (Dokar Kariya ta Ayyukan Equine) ta iyakance alhakin wasu masu samar da ayyukan equine idan an cika takamaiman buƙatu. Wanda ake tuhuma ya yi jayayya cewa a matsayinsa na mai ba da sabis na cancantar equine… yana da hakkin samun kariya daga kara. Mai gabatar da kara ya ce rashin kulawar da wanda ake tuhuma ya yi na samar da kayan aiki mara kyau ko mara kyau yana sanya karar a waje da kariyar EAIA. Batun ko wani abin da aka rufe yana da rigakafi daga abin alhaki a ƙarƙashin EAIA don samar da kayan aiki mara kyau ko mara kyau tambaya ce ta farko. Don haka dole ne wannan Kotun ta shiga tafsirin doka”.

Ilimin Kayan aiki marasa lahani

Babban hujjar mai gabatar da kara ita ce dokar ba ta hana yin aiki ba saboda rashin kulawa da samar da kayan aiki mara kyau ko nakasu…Mai shigar da kara ya ce saboda bai san ana iya ba shi kayan aiki mara kyau ko mara kyau ba, da gangan ba zai iya daukar hadarin irin wannan ba… The EAIA ya bayyana cewa 'alhakin sakaci za a hana shi ne kawai inda aka tabbatar da koyaswar sanin zato na son rai na haɗari'. Don haka, dokar ta bayyana tana kiyaye ra'ayin doka na gama gari na koyarwar haɗari a cikin mahallin ayyukan equine. "

Kammalawa

"A bayyane yake cewa mutum" ba za a iya gano cewa yana da hadarin da ba shi da masaniya a fakaice… A takaice, don hana aikin sakaci na mai gabatar da kara a karkashin EAIA, wanda ake kara dole ne ya nuna cewa mai gabatar da kara ya san cewa kayan aikin da yake da shi. idan har za a iya karya kuma da son rai a ci gaba da hawan doki duk da wannan ilimin. Daga nan ne kawai za a ce mai kara ya dauki kasadar da sanin ya kamata. Wanda ake tuhuma, duk da haka, bai nuna irin wannan ba. Wanda ake tuhuma ya kasa nuna wani abu a cikin rikodin don nuna cewa mai gabatar da kara ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da kayan aiki tare da sanin cewa abin motsa jiki ko duk wani kayan aiki da aka ba mai kara zai iya karya. Haka kuma ba wannan lamarin ba ne inda hadarin ya fito fili da ilimin zai iya fayyace shi”.

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, mai ritaya ne na Mataimakin Shari'a na Sashin daukaka kara, Sashe na biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 41 gami da littattafan shari'ar da yake sabuntawa duk shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Law Journal Press (2016), Litigating Torts International a Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2016) da sama da labaran doka 400 da yawa daga cikinsu ana samunsu a nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / mai karɓar haraji.shtml. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiye-tafiye da ci gaba, musamman, a cikin membobin EU na EU duba IFTTA.org

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izinin Thomas A. Dickerson ba.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.