Inabi Suna isowa

A wannan lokacin ne suka kafa birnin Gadir (.Cadiz na zamani) a kan kyawawan bakin tekun kudu maso yammacin Iberian Peninsula. Sa’ad da suke ƙara shiga wannan yanki, mutanen Finisiya sun kawo amphorae, tukwanen yumbu da ake ɗauka da kuma adana kayayyaki iri-iri, ciki har da. ruwan inabi.

Abin da ya ja hankalin Phoenicians zuwa wannan sashe na duniya shi ne kamanni mai kama da ƙasa, yanayi, da kuma yanayin yanayin Tsibirin Iberian da ƙasarsu ta Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wani bincike ne da ya yi alkawari mai girma, domin sun ga yuwuwar noman inabi da kuma samar da ruwan inabi a cikin gida saboda dogaro da amphorae wajen safarar giya yana da illa; wadannan kwantena sun kasance masu saurin yabo da karyewa yayin tafiye-tafiyen teku masu yawan ha'inci.

Don shawo kan ƙalubalen dabaru na amphorae, Phoenician sun yanke shawarar shuka kurangar inabi a cikin ƙasa masu albarka da na rana a kusa da Gadir, wanda ke nuna farkon samar da ruwan inabi na gida a yankin. Sa’ad da gonakin inabin suka yi girma, sai suka fara ba da inabi masu ɗanɗano, waɗanda aka fi so don yin ruwan inabi a lokacin. Bayan lokaci, wannan yanki na viticulture ya samo asali kuma ya balaga, daga ƙarshe ya haifar da abin da muka sani yanzu a matsayin yankin ruwan inabi Sherry. Halaye na musamman na inabi da aka girma a Gadir, haɗe da dabarun yin ruwan inabi waɗanda suka haɓaka tsawon ƙarni sun ba da gudummawar ban sha'awa da halaye masu alaƙa da giya na Sherry.

Ana Isar da ƙarin Vines

Suna bin sawun Phoenicians, Carthaginians sun isa yankin Iberian Peninsula tare da Cartagena sanannen birni da suka kafa. Kasancewarsu ya kara wadatar noman inabi da yin giya a yankin. Kusan 1000 BC, Romawa sun faɗaɗa ikonsu don mamaye wani yanki mai mahimmanci na Spain kuma sun dasa kurangar inabi don ruwan inabi don kiyaye sojojinsu da ƙauyukansu. Har ma sun yi rami a cikin tukwane na dutse don yin takin giya kuma sun inganta ingancin amphorae. Wannan faɗaɗawa ya kawo yaɗuwar dashen inabi tare da gabatar da ayyukan ci gaba na viticultural da samar da ruwan inabi wanda ya shafi larduna biyu, Baetica (daidai da Andalusia na zamani) da Tarraconensis (yanzu Tarragona).

Musulmai Suna Bitar Haɓakar Inabi

Moors, mazaunan Musulmi mazauna Arewacin Afirka, sun kafa gagarumin zama a yankin Iberian Peninsula (Spain na zamani da Portugal) bayan cin nasarar Musulunci na 711 AD. Al'adu da shari'ar Musulunci sun yi tasiri sosai a wannan yanki, ciki har da yanayin ci da sha; duk da haka, hanyarsu ta shan giya da barasa ba ta da kyau. Dokokin abinci na Musulunci, kamar yadda Alqur'ani ya bayyana, gabaɗaya sun haramta shan barasa, gami da giya. Haramcin ya dogara ne akan imani da ka'idoji na addini, wanda ke haifar da ƙuntatawa akan samarwa, siyarwa, da shan barasa, gami da giya.

Yayin da kur'ani ya haramta shan giya da abubuwan sa maye a fili, aiwatar da wadannan haramcin na iya bambanta tsakanin al'ummomin musulmi. A lokacin mulkin Moors a cikin Iberian Peninsula, babu wani tsari na duniya ko daidaitaccen hana samar da giya. Girma da tsananin haramcin giya da barasa sun bambanta, bisa la'akari da masu mulkin gida, da fassarar shari'ar Musulunci, da takamaiman mahallin tarihi.

Tasirin Franco akan Wine

Daga 1936-1939 (Yakin basasar Sipaniya) da kuma shekarun da suka biyo bayan mulkin Janar Francisco Franco, yin ruwan inabi yana da ka'ida sosai kuma galibi ana sarrafa samarwa da rarrabawa ta jihar. Gwamnati ta kula da masana'antar don ta biya bukatun tsarin mulki ta hanyar kafa ka'idoji da sarrafawa ciki har da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Wine ta Spain (Instituto Nacional de Denominaciones de Origen / INDO) a cikin 1934. Manufar ita ce ta daidaita ingancin ruwan inabi da kuma kare yanki. nadi na asali (Denomininacion de Origen) wanda har yanzu a wurin a yau. Masu yin ruwan inabi dole ne su bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi kuma ba za su iya samar da ruwan inabin da bai dace da waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba.

Annobar Phylloxera

A ƙarshen karni na 19, Spain, kamar sauran yankuna masu samar da ruwan inabi a duniya, sun fuskanci mummunar kwaro na gonar inabin da aka sani da phylloxera. Don yaƙar wannan kwari, wanda ke yin barazana ga wanzuwar kurangar inabi, wasu yankuna sun koma tumbuke gonakin inabi kuma sun daina noman inabi na ɗan lokaci. Wannan ba batun halal bane amma martani ne ga bala'i da ya shafi masana'antar giya.

A ƙarshe, 1970s

Tun daga 1970s Spain ta sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci kuma ta sauya daga kasancewarta da farko don samar da mafi yawan giya da ƙananan inabi zuwa zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan samar da ruwan inabi a duniya da kuma fitar da ƙasashen waje da ke tallafawa ta hanyar saka hannun jari a dabarun noman inabi na zamani da kuma ɗaukar ingantacciyar inabi. girma ayyuka.

Tsarin Denominacion de Origen (DO) ya fara ne a cikin 1930s kuma ya sami mahimmanci kamar yadda ya bayyana takamaiman yankuna na ruwan inabi tare da halaye na musamman, nau'in innabi, da ka'idodin samarwa - duk suna da mahimmanci wajen haɓaka inganci da amincin giya daga Spain. Ingantaccen fasaha ya haɗa da sarrafa zafin jiki da kayan aiki mafi kyau.

Yayin da masu yin ruwan inabi suma suna yin gwajin nau'ikan inabi na duniya da suka haɗa da Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, da Chardonnay an sami sake dawowa cikin nau'ikan innabi na asali kamar Tempranillo, Garnacha da Alberino.

Tasirin tattalin arziki

Spain babbar mai shiga cikin kasuwar ruwan inabi ta duniya kuma tana da ƙarfi a Turai, Amurka, da Asiya. Spain tana alfahari da mafi girman shimfidar gonakin inabi tare da haɓakar ban mamaki a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata inda aka keɓe sama da hekta 950,000 don noman inabi. Wannan nasarar ta jawo hankalin masu zuba jari na kasashen waje tare da samun kudin Euro miliyan 816.18 daga kafofin duniya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Hong Kong ta yi fice a matsayin mai saka hannun jari na farko, wanda ke ba da gudummawar kashi 92 na jarin da aka zuba a fannin a shekarar 2019.

Spain tana da bambancin kasancewarta ta uku mafi girma a duniya mai samar da ruwan inabi tare da fa'ida sosai a yankuna 60 na musamman da kuma Ƙungiyoyin Asalin (DO). Musamman, Rioja da Priorat su ne kawai yankunan Sipaniya waɗanda suka cancanta a matsayin DOCa, suna nuna ma'aunin inganci a cikin DO.

A cikin 2020, yawan ruwan inabi na Spain ya kai kimanin hectoli miliyan 43.8 (Ƙungiyar Vine da Wine ta Duniya / OIV). Darajar fitar da ruwan inabi ta Sipaniya ta kai kusan Yuro biliyan 2.68 (Observatory Market Market).

A cikin 2021 kasuwar ruwan inabi ta Sipaniya ta ci gaba da bunƙasa tare da ƙimar dala biliyan 10.7 da hasashen haɓaka a ƙimar Ci gaban Shekara-shekara (CAGR) sama da kashi 7. Daga cikin nau'ikan ruwan inabi daban-daban, har yanzu ruwan inabi ya kasance mafi girma yayin da ruwan inabi mai kyalli ya shirya don yin rijistar girma mafi sauri dangane da darajar. Tashar rarraba kan-ciniki tana riƙe mafi girman rabo kuma fakitin gilashin ya kasance kayan da aka fi amfani da su. Madrid ta fito a matsayin babbar kasuwar ruwan inabi a kasar.

Inabi

Rioja

Tsarin Asalin Rioja (DO) ya ƙunshi kadada 54,000 na gonakin inabi a cikin yankunan arewacin Spain, wanda ya mamaye La Rioja, ƙasar Basque, da Navarre. Ana bikin yankin a matsayin daya daga cikin wuraren da ake noman ruwan inabi a Spain. A tsakiyar yankin ya ta'allaka ne da inabi na Tempranillo wanda aka kula da shi a hankali kuma ya tsufa a cikin ganga na itacen oak wanda ke samar da wasu mafi kyawun kayan inabi da kuma sanannun giya na duniya a duk Turai.

Farko

Yankin ruwan inabi na Priorat yana cikin yankin Kataloniya, cibiyar samar da noman noma inda gonakin inabin ke manne da tudu, tsaunuka masu duwatsu, wanda ke da tsayin mita 100-700 sama da matakin teku. A cikin waɗannan matsananciyar yanayi, kurangar inabi suna kokawa don bunƙasa, suna samar da inabi tare da tsananin ƙarfi da maida hankali. Giyayen da aka samar sune jajayen jajayen da ke ba da zurfi da hali.

Canje-canje na Ka'idoji

Masana'antar ruwan inabi ta Sipaniya ta gabatar da sabbin rabe-rabe da ka'idoji don daidaitawa ga yanayin sauye-sauye da kuma ɗaukar nau'ikan giya mai faɗi. Vino de la Terra da Vine de Mesa suna ba da sassaucin ra'ayi a cikin rarraba ruwan inabi bisa la'akari da yanayin ƙasa da inganci yayin da rarrabuwar Vinicola de Espana ta ba da damar sanin ingantattun ruwan inabi waɗanda ba su dace da tsarin DO na gargajiya ba, don haka yana haɓaka haɓaka a cikin ruwan inabi na Mutanen Espanya. .

A ganina

Evan Goldstein kwanan nan ya gabatar da giya a Abinci da Wines daga taron Spain a birnin New York:

Mazas Garnacha Tinta 2020.

Giya da aka ƙera daga Tinto de Toro, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ɗanɗano na Spain na Tempranillo, wanda kashi 10 na Garnacha ya cika; An girmama shi tare da babbar lambar yabo ta Decanter World Wine, Mafi kyawun Nuna (2022).

Bodegas Mazas an sadaukar da shi ne don neman ƙera ingantattun kayan inabi masu inganci. Suna cim ma manufarsu ta hanyar ƙwarewar amfani da fasahar zamani a wuraren shan inabinsu dake Morales de Toro. Dukkanin inabin da aka yi amfani da su wajen yin ruwan inabin ana samun su ne daga gonakin inabinsu a cikin Toro Designation of Origin (DO). Gidan yana da gonakin inabi guda huɗu daban-daban waɗanda aka warwatse a cikin yankin Toro na Castilla y Leon. Biyu daga cikin wadannan gonakin inabin sun haura shekaru 80 yayin da sauran biyun sun haura shekara 50. Gabaɗaya, gonakin inabin sun ƙunshi kadada 140; duk da haka, Bodegas Mazas yana zaɓar inabi daga ƙayyadaddun adadin tsoffin fakitin kurangar inabin don ƙirƙirar giyar su.

Yanayin yanayi na yankin yana da ƙarancin hazo da ƙalubalen da ke haifar da ƙasa mara haihuwa da matsanancin yanayin zafi. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna samar da ruwan inabi masu tsananin launi da ɗanɗanon 'ya'yan itace.

Notes:

Mazas Garna Tinta 2020 yana gabatar da siffa mai ban sha'awa, tare da zurfinsa, launin jan burgundy a hankali yana jujjuyawa zuwa ga baki mai ruwan hoda. Bouquet ɗin wani ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwal ne na kyawawan cherries masu daɗi, wanda ke da alaƙa da daɗin ɗanɗano, gami da alamun fure, plums baƙar fata, cikakke strawberries, da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda aka haɗa tare da muryoyin ƙasa. Giya ɗin yana ba da kayan marmari da laushi wanda ke dawwama har zuwa ƙarewa tare da kyakkyawan yanayin ƙasa mai daɗi.

2. Coral de Penascal Ethical Rose.

100 bisa dari Tempranillo. Castilla y Leon, Spain. Vegan, Certified Organic. Mai dorewa. Kowace kwalba tana ba da gudummawa ga maido da murjani reefs wanda ke wakiltar kashi 25 cikin ɗari na bambancin halittu.

Hijos de Antonio Barcelo babban bodega ne mai daraja tare da gado wanda ya fara a cikin 1876. Abubuwan al'adun gargajiya da aka haɗa tare da ayyukan zamani suna haifar da ruwan inabi wanda ba shi da lokaci da sabbin abubuwa. Winery shine tsaka tsaki na carbon, yana rage sawun carbon da tasirin muhalli. An tattara ruwan inabin a cikin kayan da ke da laushi ga ƙasa kuma kwalabe mai haske yana rage girman sawun muhalli.

Notes:

Coral de Penascal Ethical Rose ruwan inabi ne wanda ke ɗaukar hankali. Siffar sa mai-kyalli yana bayyana wani ɗan lu'u-lu'u na murjani mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda yake gayyata. Bouquet wani kamshi ne na kamshi, inda jajayen currants da raspberries suka ɗauki matakin tsakiya, tare da jituwa cikin jituwa tare da bayanan ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itacen dutse, mai tunawa da 'ya'yan peaches. Waɗannan ƙamshi na gaba da 'ya'yan itace suna cike da ƙamshi tare da daɗaɗɗen bayan faren furanni.

Bayan shayar da wannan fure mai ban sha'awa, ana kula da ɓangarorin da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda ke kama da alƙawarin ƙamshi. Zaƙi na apricots da peaches rawa a kan dandano buds, samar da wani m Fusion na 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ji. A dai-dai lokacin da kuka yi tunanin kun dandana shi duka, wata dabarar alamar ruwan inabi mai ruwan hoda ta fito, tana ƙara murɗawa mai daɗi da daɗi ga wannan giyar ethereal.

3. Verdeal. 20 de abril Organic Verdejo 2022

A cikin 2007, Eduardo Poza ya rungumi innabi na Verdejo, ya fara tafiya wanda ya haifi VERDEAL, alamar zamani wanda ya samo asali a cikin yankin DO Rueda kuma ya gabatar da kansa na musamman na ainihi da DNA.

Itacen inabi na Verdejo yana nuna farin ruwan inabi mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke da bayanin kula na kore apple da zesty citrus, wanda ke cike da nau'ikan peach, apricot, da furanni masu laushi, yana ƙarewa a ƙarshen balsamic yana ɗauke da alamun Fennel da aniseed.

gonakin inabin da ke ba da inabin wannan inabin na musamman shekaru 13 ne kuma ana noma su ta zahiri. Tare da yawan amfanin gona daga 6,000 zuwa 8,000 kg a kowace hectare, wannan ruwan inabi yana samun haɓakar abubuwan inabin inabi, yana haifar da kyakkyawan ƙwarewar giya mai inganci.

Notes:

Wannan kyakkyawan ruwan inabi yana ba da launin rawaya mai haske tare da matsakaicin ƙarfi kuma yana nuna ma'ana ga bikin Verdejo. Bayan shakar farko, an gano wani bouquet mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tattare da ainihin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zafi da lemun tsami, yana ba da ruwan inabi tare da ratsa jiki. Zurfafa zurfafa, alamun ganye da korayen kayan lambu suna fitowa, suna ƙara haɗaɗɗiyar Layer zuwa ƙwarewar ƙamshi. Gishiri yana kula da ma'auni wanda ke nuna sabon ƙarewa kuma mai dorewa tare da alamun ganye, yana barin tambari mai dadi a kan palate.