Tashin Kiyama a Lokacin Yaki

Wani ƙwararren mai zanen hotuna na tarihi da nau'ikan, shimfidar wurare, da hotuna, ya kore "mahimmancin gaske" a cikin mai akan zane.

A cikin ayyukansa, da gaba gaɗi ya yi ƙoƙari ya kusanci gaskiya gwargwadon yiwuwa. Hotunan nasa shaida ne na abubuwan da ya faru a fagen fama a tsakiyar Asiya. Ƙoƙarin da ya yi na nuna ban tsoro na yaƙi da ɓarna ya juya zane-zanensa a cikin rubutun hoto na gaske, yana kama da lokacin da kuma ruhu - ba na "swagger da soja bravado" kamar yadda kansa ya ce ba, amma ruhun mutanen da suka sha wahala. yawanci a lokacin yaƙi “da kuma rashin tausayi na masu mulki da suka tsunduma al’ummai cikin kisan-kiyashi.”

Fuskantar labaran yau da kullun game da mutuwa da halaka a yakin Ukraine, Za mu iya kwatanta mai zanen da aka kwatanta ya zama shaida na zamani na jerin rikice-rikice da yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda ya fara daga Afghanistan ta Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, har zuwa Caucasus da - tun 2014 - Ukraine. Duk da haka, ko da yake shi ba coeval ba ne - dangane da saƙo mai tada hankali na zane-zanensa, tabbas ya kasance!

Sunansa Vasily Vereshchagin. An haife shi a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1842, a Cherepovets/Novgorod Governorate, Rasha, kuma ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1904. A cikin fiye da ikonsa a matsayin mai zane mai ban mamaki na gaskiya, ya yi fice a matsayin masanin tarihi, masanin ilimin kimiya da fasaha, marubuci kuma marubuci. 'yar jarida, kuma, musamman, matafiyi mai kishi, wanda ya shafi ƙasashen Balkans, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Turkestan, Manchuria, Indiya, Philippines, Japan, Cuba, da Amurka.

A cikin rabin na biyu na rayuwarsa, Vereshchagin ya gudanar da nune-nunen ayyukansa 65, galibi a Yammacin Turai da Amurka.

Ra'ayin jama'a ya kasance mai ban mamaki.

Me yasa a zahiri mutane suka yaba sosai Vereshchagin? A cikin littafin da aka kwatanta "Vereshchagin," wanda aka buga a 1987 a "Leningrad Khudozhnik RSFSR," Andrei Lebedev da Alexander Solodnikov sun ba da haske mai ban mamaki game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki bayan Gorbachev's Glasnost da Perestroika: "Abin da ya jawo hankalin mutane a cikin zane-zane na Vereshchagin kuma ya sanya shi shahararren duniya. shi ne, da farko, ra'ayoyin 'yanci da mulkin demokra] iyya wadanda su ne jigon masanan Rasha na karni na sha tara kuma suka zama tushen wahayi ga Vereshchagin."

Ko da yake ya rayu a ƙarni na 19, jigon yaƙi na yawancin zane-zanensa na 235 ba su rasa kome ba na abubuwan tunawa da gargaɗin cathartic: Suna da ban tsoro, suna jan hankalinmu fiye da yadda muka fahimci abin da ba za a iya tsammani ba: wannan yaƙin. ya koma Turai, har ya kai ga yin kaca-kaca da tarkacen makullai na ABC Cold War arsenal.

Vereshchagin yana ɗan shekara 25 ne sa’ad da ya shiga cikin abin da ake kira “Babban Wasan,” yana kwatanta hamayyar ƙarni na 19 tsakanin Rasha, Burtaniya, da China a tsakiyar Asiya. Ya shaida zubar da jini ba gaira ba dalili a yakin da aka gwabza tsakanin sojojin Rasha da sojojin masarautar Buchara. A yakin Russo-Turkiyya kan 'yantar da yankin Balkan daga zaluncin Ottoman, Vereshchagin ya samu mummunan rauni. A cikin zane-zane ya yi Allah wadai da "wasu daga cikin gazawar kwamandojin Rasha da rashin sadaukarwa" (daga "Vereshchagin" na Lebedev da Solodnikov).

Kasancewar ya zama “Wani Bangaren Salama,” bai iya yin Allah wadai da kishin kasa ko son rai ba.

 Babu wani abin da za a ce, huluna na sojan soja sun ji sassa na zane-zane na Vereshchagin mafi banƙyama, suna haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani ga mai zane. Ya sadaukar da zane-zanensa don nuna ban tsoro na yaki, duk da cewa mutuwarsa ba ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali ba. Vereshchagin tare da mai masaukin baki, Admiral Stepan Markarov, sun mutu a cikin jirgin ruwan Rasha "Petropavlovsk," wanda nakiyoyi biyu suka buge yayin da suke komawa Port Arthur (yau Dalian / China) kuma suka nutse a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1904, a lokacin yakin Rasha da Japan. (Rasha, ko da yake ana ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma, ta rasa wannan yakin, don haka ta haifar da shakku na farko game da rashin nasara na "Turai" a Asiya).

Alas, Vereshchagin zai fi son yin amfani da basirarsa da ke nuna bangarori masu haske na rayuwa. Rayuwarsa ba wani abu bane illa zaman kashe wando, bayan haka, kuma zai raba tare da wasu ƙalubalen balaguron balaguron duniya tare da ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar sha'awa. Vereshchagin ya rubuta: “Ina son rana a dukan rayuwata kuma ina so in yi amfani da hasken rana, sa’ad da na ga yaƙi kuma na faɗi abin da nake tunani game da shi, na yi farin ciki cewa zan sake ba da kaina ga rana. Amma fushin yaki ya ci gaba da bina" (daga Vasily Vereshchagin - Wikipedia)." 

Bature-Bohemian pacifist kuma marubuci Bertha von Suttner ya san Vereshchagin. A cikin tarihinta ta tuna da ziyarar da ya kai ɗaya daga cikin nune-nunen nasa a Vienna, "A yawancin zane-zane ba za mu iya hana kukan tsoro ba." Vereshchagin ya amsa: "Wataƙila kun yarda cewa an wuce gona da iri? A'a, gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni (daga peaceinstitute.com). "

Zane na ƙarshe na jerin Vereshchagin na “Barbarians,” yana ɗauke da taken “Apotheosis of War” – wani mummunan kwatanci na dala na kwanyar ɗan adam. Ya fahimci zanensa a matsayin wani nau'in haɗakar muggan hare-haren da Tamerlane ta Gabas ta taɓa yi a Asiya ta Tsakiya da bayanta. Saƙon Vereshchagin yana da matuƙar siyasa, "Ga duk manyan masu nasara - baya, yanzu da nan gaba." Da alama ya yi kama da yakin yau a Ukraine ba zai iya zama mai tayar da hankali ba.

Ko da yake Leo Tolstoy's fitacciyar "Yaki da Aminci" ya ingiza Vereshchagin don ganin yadda Tolstoy ya tsaya tsayin daka na yaki da yaki a cikin man fetur a kan zane, shi ne littafin Tolstoy "Tashin matattu" wanda ya doke duk bayanan lokacin da aka buga shi a 1899. Lissafi na littafin ya bayyana shekara guda bayan haka. a cikin Mujallar Amurka na wata-wata, “Cosmopolitan,” tare da taken da aka fassara a kyauta zuwa “Farkawa.” A yau ne farkawa ya ke a samu mafita!

Burin mu na "Barka da Ista" na iya zama da gaske a yau. Amma duk da haka suna iya jin kamar ba su isa ba idan an yi magana da mutanen da ke fama da yaki da rashi. Don su zama "mai farin ciki" ya zama abin ban tsoro. Duk da haka har yanzu akwai Easter, da ta'aziyya, da ƙarfafawa a cikin kalmomin Ikilisiyar Gabas: "Christos voskrese / Kristi ya tashi." "Voistinu voskrese/Ya tashi, hakika."