Tarurrukan al'adun Pacific shine makasudin balaguro

Auckland - Tawagar jiragen ruwa guda shida masu huɗa biyu za su tashi daga Polynesia ta Faransa zuwa Hawaii a shekara mai zuwa a farkon farkon ƙaura na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙaura a duniya.

Amma tafiyar kilomita 4,000 (mil 2,500) daga tsakiyar al'adar gabashin Polynesia a tsibirin Raiatea da ma'aikata masu ƙarfi 16 daga tsibiran Polynesia shida na da nufin yin fiye da sake ƙirƙira tarihi.

"Abin da ya fi mahimmanci fiye da hangen nesa na ɗan gajeren lokaci na tafiya zuwa Hawaii shine hangen nesa na dogon lokaci na sake farfado da fasaha da al'adun kakanninmu," in ji Te Aturangi Nepia-Clamp, manajan aikin jirgin ruwa na Pacific Voyaging Canoes.

Maori New Zealander ya ce aikin zai gina girman kai da kuma asalin mutanen Polynesia ta hanyar bayyana nasarorin da kakanni suka samu da suka zaunar da kananan tsibirai da suka warwatse a kan wani babban teku da ya mamaye sama da kashi daya bisa hudu na duniya.

“Kakanninmu sun sanya wadannan kwale-kwalen ruwan da basu da isassun katako, inda suka yi amfani da kayan aikin dutse wajen tono su da dunkule su, tare da dunkule su da igiyar zaren kwakwa.

"Sannan kuma sun yi wannan balaguron ban mamaki na shekaru dubbai kafin Turawa su kasance da kwarin gwiwar fita daga idon duniya," kamar yadda ya shaida wa AFP.

Kimanin shekaru 3,000 zuwa 4,000 da suka wuce, mutanen Lapita - wadanda aka yi imanin cewa sun fara yin hijira ne daga kudancin kasar Sin kafin su bazu zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya - sun fara tsugunar da tsibiran Melanesia da yammacin Polynesia.

Kimanin shekaru 1,000 bayan haka zuriyarsu ta fara yaɗuwa zuwa tsibiran da ke gabashin Polynesia, daga ƙarshe sun isa mashigin Pacific na Hawaii, New Zealand da Ista Island.

Ba tare da taswira ko kayan kida ba, masu zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na Polynesian sun yi amfani da taurari, rana, ilimin kumbura na teku da kuma iskoki don tafiyar da hanya zuwa ƙananan tsibiran da ke da faffadan teku.

Babban tafiye-tafiyen ya ragu da 1500 kuma a lokacin da masu binciken Turai na farko suka ziyarci tekun Pasifik a ƙarni na 17 da 18, an sami manyan kwalekwalen da ke tafiya cikin teku a wasu yankuna kaɗan kawai.

Yanzu, a cikin filin jirgin ruwa a keɓe hannun Harbour Waitemata na Auckland, an riga an gina uku daga cikin kwale-kwalen da ke kan sabuwar tafiya, tare da ƙarin aƙalla uku don kammalawa nan da Nuwamba.

Sana'ar kyawawa kuma mai ƙarfi, wacce aka gina ta daga ƙirar gargajiya daga tsibiran Tuamotu na Faransa Polynesia, tana da tagwaye masu tsayin mita 22 (ƙafa 72), tare da wani dandali da ke tallafawa ƙaramin gidan bene.

Twin masts sun tashi da mita 13 (ƙafa 43) sama da bene kuma wani fakitin sitiyari mai tsayin mita 10 da aka zana ya shimfiɗa baya a tsakanin ƙwanƙolin, kowannensu yana ɗauke da buƙatu takwas da sararin ajiya.

Ko da yake iri ɗaya ne wajen ginin, kowane kwale-kwalen guda shida za a gama shi da launuka daban-daban, da sassaƙa da sassaƙa daga tsibiran da ake tura su.

Yayin da ake zane na gargajiya, an yi ƙullun daga gilashin fiber, kuma an yi amfani da wasu kayan zamani. Nau'in katakon da ya dace yanzu ya kusan yiwuwa a samu kuma amfani da fiberglass yana nufin kwalekwalen za su daɗe.

"Muhimmin abu game da kwalekwalen shine sun kasance masu aminci ga abin da kakanni suka tsara," in ji Nepia-Clamp.

A New Zealand, tsibirin Cook, Fiji, Samoa, Samoa na Amurka, da Tahiti an zaɓi kyaftin ɗin kuma ba da daɗewa ba ma'aikatan za su fara horo don balaguron balaguron balaguro, tare da ma'aikatan Tonga mai yiwuwa daga baya.

Tafiyar za ta ba da girmamawa ga tsoffin tafiye-tafiye - abin da masanin tarihi na New Zealand Kerry Howe na Jami'ar Massey ya bayyana a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan almara na ɗan adam".

A cikin Vaka Moana (kwale mai zuwa teku), wani littafi Howe da aka gyara a kan matsugunin tekun Pasifik, ya ce 'yan tsibirin Pacific sun haɓaka fasahar ruwan shuɗi ta farko a duniya.

"Tare da jirgin ruwa da masu fita, sun kirkiro manyan jiragen ruwa na teku kuma sun yi dubban shekaru kafin mutane a ko'ina."

Har zuwa shekarun baya-bayan nan, masana tarihi da yawa sun yi imanin cewa mutanen Polynesia sun bazu cikin tekun Pacific ta hanyar haɗari, tare da kwale-kwale da aka warwatse da iska mara kyau.

“Na san sa’ad da nake makaranta an koya mini cewa kakanninmu na Polynesia ’yan gudun hijira ne da gangan, sai kawai suka yi karo da ƙasa,” in ji Nepia-Clamp, wadda ta shiga cikin farfaɗowar tuƙi shekaru 30 da suka shige.

"Ba 'yan yawon bude ido ba ne, sun koma baya da gaba da zarar sun gano wata kasa, suna da manufa sosai a cikin abin da suka yi."

A cikin 1970s an kafa Ƙungiyar Voyaging ta Polynesian don farfado da tsohuwar fasahar tuƙi da kewayawa a cikin Hawaii kuma don tabbatar da Polynesia za a iya zama ta hanyar amfani da kwale-kwalen balaguron balaguro biyu da kewayawa marasa kayan aiki.

Daga baya a New Zealand da tsibirin Cook, an kuma gina sabbin kwale-kwale na tuƙi, tare da haɗa kwale-kwalen Hawaii a cikin tafiya daga Raiatea zuwa Hawaii a 1995.

Yanzu kwale-kwale na Voyaging na Pacific yunƙuri ne na faɗaɗa farfaɗo a cikin yankin da kuma ƙarfafa mutane da yawa su koyi dabarun gargajiya.

Jarumin dan wasan New Zealand Rawiri Paratene, tauraruwar fim din Whale Rider, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara wannan tunani da kuma samun kudade daga gidauniyar muhallin teku ta Okeanos da ke kasar Jamus.

Bayan balaguron shekara mai zuwa, Nepia-Clamp na son ƙungiyoyin yawon buɗe ido a tsibirai dabam-dabam su ci gaba da yin amfani da kwale-kwalen don ilimantar da matasa mazauna tsibirin dabarun da suka ɓace a lokacin balaguron jirgin sama.

Ya riga ya ga girman kai da ta haifar da farfaɗo da balaguro a Hawaii.

"Mun shiga wani aji a Molokai, an kawata silin da taurarin taurari kuma duk yaran suna iya kiran kowane tauraro da ke wurin.

“Sun yi alfahari da kakanninsu na iya samun hanyarsu kuma sun san dabarun neman hanyar da suke amfani da su.

"Wannan babban abin alfahari ne ga kowace al'ada ta asali."