Wasu haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni ba su da ɗan tasiri a kan abokan ciniki. Amma lokacin da manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama suka haɗu, yana canza rayuwa ga matafiya, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashin tikiti, ƙarancin sabis kuma watakila ma sauya katin kiredit ɗin da kuke ɗauka.
Ga kamfanonin jiragen sama da suka karye, inda manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama tara ke yaƙi da bakin teku zuwa gaɓar teku, kawar da manyan masu fafatawa da ɗimbin jadawalin jirage na iya zama hanyar da za ta fi dacewa ta tsira daga hauhawar farashin mai da koma bayan tattalin arziki a maimakon fatara da hargitsin koma baya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Delta Air Lines Inc. na iya yin la'akari da tattaunawar haɗin gwiwa tare da UAL Corp.'s United Airlines ko Northwest Airlines Corp., kuma dalilin da ya sa manazarta ke tunanin manyan aure da yawa na iya kasancewa a gaba.
"Ta hanyar tsoho ko ƙira, ina tsammanin zai faru. Idan ba haka ba, za su sake komawa cikin tankin,” in ji Gordon Bethune, tsohon shugaban kamfanin jiragen sama na Continental wanda ke ba da shawara ga wasu manyan masu saka hannun jari na jiragen sama kan haɗe-haɗe.
Amma ga matafiya, haɗin gwiwar manyan jiragen sama a tarihi yana nufin ciwon kai. Ma'aikatan jirgin sama suna jure canje-canje da rashin jin daɗi - wanda zai iya sa su yi fushi ga abokan ciniki. Wasu al'ummomi na iya ganin raguwar sabis idan haɗin gwiwar ya ba da damar haɗin gwiwar kamfanonin jiragen sama don rufe ayyukan cibiya - shin haɗin gwiwar Delta da Arewa maso Yamma suna buƙatar cibiyoyi a Cincinnati da Memphis, misali? Wataƙila farashin tikiti mafi girma; kamfanonin jiragen sama suna haɗuwa a wani bangare domin su sami ƙarin ƙarfin farashi.
Amma babban haɗari ga masu amfani shine mafi ƙarancin sabis - jigilar jirage, asarar kaya, rudani a filayen jirgin sama, matsalolin tikiti da canje-canje a cikin ƙa'idodin shirin na yau da kullun.
Yi la'akari da abin da ya faru bayan US Airways Group Inc. ya haɗu da American West Airlines. Masu jigilar kayayyaki biyu a yanzu suna da hanyar sadarwa mai ƙarfi kuma sun ga haɓakar kudaden shiga da za su iya samarwa ta hanyar farashi mai girma da mafi kyawun haɗakar matafiya na kasuwanci. Amma masu amfani sun biya farashi mai yawa fiye da tikiti masu tsada.
Lokacin da masu jigilar kayayyaki biyu suka ƙaura zuwa tsarin ajiyar guda ɗaya, abokan ciniki sun gano cewa an yi asarar wasu hanyoyin tafiya kuma matsalolin kwamfuta sun haifar da dogayen layi a filayen jirgin sama, jinkirin tashin jirage da tsangwama. Manajojin Amurka ta Yamma, wadanda suka karbi manyan jiragen sama na US Airways, sun yi kokawa wajen gyara wani aikin sarrafa kaya da bai dace ba a Philadelphia wanda ke samar da tarin akwatunan da suka bata a lokutan aiki. Ayyukan Airways na kan lokaci sun yi ƙasa; korafe-korafen abokan ciniki sun karu, a cewar Sashen Sufuri. Kuma har yanzu kamfanin dillalan ya fuskanci karayar kungiyarsa ta matukan jirgi, inda matukan jirgin na US Airways na asali ba su ji dadin yadda hadewarsu da tsoffin matukan jirgin na Amurka ya shafa ba.
"Haɗin kan jirgin sama yana taimaka wa masu hannun jari da kamfani, amma ba masu amfani ba," in ji Paul Hudson, babban darektan Aviation Consumer Action Project, ƙungiyar sa-kai.
Matafiya na iya ganin manyan canje-canje a cikin shirye-shiryen-fito akai-akai. Delta, alal misali, yana da tsarin tafiyar tafiyarsa da aka danganta da American Express Co., yayin da ake samun mil mil ta amfani da katunan JP Morgan Chase & Co., kuma Arewa maso yamma yana daidaitawa da US Bancorp. canza katunan bashi zuwa shirin jirgin sama mai tsira.
Kamfanonin katin kiredit na iya taka rawar gani fiye da yadda aka saba a cikin tattaunawar haɗin gwiwa tun da yawa kamfanonin jiragen sama a cikin sake fasalin fatarar su a ƴan shekarun da suka gabata ta hanyar siyan mil mil mai yawa don baiwa abokan ciniki. American Express, alal misali, ta fitar da dala miliyan 500 cikin Delta. "Filastik na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin canje-canje," in ji Randy Petersen, shugaban Frequent Flyer Services, Colorado Springs, Colo., Mai wallafa-filier akai-akai.
Haɗa shirye-shirye akai-akai akai-akai zai iya sa ya yi wahala matafiya su sami kujeru kyauta da haɓakawa. Ƙarin fitattun masu yawo akai-akai, alal misali, na iya ƙoƙarin samun haɓakawa akan takamaiman jirgin sama. Amma kuma yana buɗe sabbin wurare inda matafiya za su iya samun tikitin kyauta, kuma suna barin manyan masu tallan kaya su yi amfani da fa'idodin su kamar hawan jirgi da wuri da mafi kyawun zama akan ƙarin jirage.
"Kayyadewa da buƙatu suna fitowa kaɗan kaɗan lokacin da shirye-shiryen suka girma," in ji Mista Petersen.
Haɗe-haɗe kuma na iya nufin manyan jiragen sama akan wasu hanyoyi idan haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da babban abokin ciniki zai iya maye gurbin cikakken jet mai girma, babban layin jet na yanki mai kujeru 50. Wasu jiragen da ke wucewa da nahiyoyi da na kasa da kasa na iya ganin manyan jiragen sama - jet masu fadi-tashi maimakon jiragen sama guda daya - su ma.
Mista Bethune ya ce wani bincike na hadin gwiwar Delta-United ya yi hasashen raguwar 10% na sabis na jet na yanki ga abokan cinikin wadannan kamfanonin jiragen sama guda biyu, da kuma kimanin jiragen sama 15 na karin yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.
Irin wannan haɗin gwiwar jiragen sama na iya taimakawa wajen rage cunkoso a sararin samaniya. Amma a lokaci guda, haɗe-haɗe na iya haifar da ƙarin cunkoso a takamaiman tashoshin jiragen sama waɗanda ke girma tare da haɗin gwiwar zirga-zirga. Kuma a tarihi, haɗe-haɗe suna buɗe dama ga sababbin masu shiga da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa waɗanda ke cike giɓin da raguwar sabis suka bari kuma suna samun sabuwar dama lokacin da manyan masu rike da mukamai suka ɗaga farashi.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu cin gajiyar haɗin gwiwar jiragen sama na baya: Southwest Airlines Co., wanda ya faɗaɗa a cikin biranen da haɗin gwiwar ya shafa kuma ya yi amfani da manyan matsalolin sabis na jiragen sama da ƙarin farashin tikiti. US Airways sun sami PSA da AMR Corp.'s American Airlines sun sami AirCal don ba su jiragen cikin California, amma Kudu maso Yamma ta mamaye waɗannan kasuwanni a yau. Misalai na baya-bayan nan na wannan dabarar dama sune Philadelphia da Pittsburgh, inda Kudu maso Yamma ta fadada kamar yadda US Airways suka kulla.
wsj.com
