Idan filin jirgin sama a cikin Caribbean yana son zama cibiyar kasa da kasa, ko ma cibiyar yanki, mai yiwuwa an ba shi shawarar da ya sauke harajin tashi da sauran harajin fasinja. Harajin fasinja shine 'harajin fadama' domin babu wanda yake so sai mai karba, kuma yana tsotsa.
“Gwamnatin Holland ta cire harajin tikitin fasinja a kokarin da take na dakatar da raguwar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a filin jirgin sama na Amsterdam, kamar yadda kafafen yada labarai suka ruwaito a shekarar 2009. An fara kama shi da sunan 'eco'-tax. An zargi harajin tashi da ya jawo cece-kuce daga Yuro 11 zuwa 45 a sanadiyyar raguwar zirga-zirgar fasinjoji a cikin shekara guda bayan gabatar da shi. Ana sa ran harajin zai tara kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 395 a shekara amma wani rahoton da aka ba da izini ya kammala cewa zai jawo wa tattalin arzikin Holland asarar dalar Amurka 1.7. biliyan a cikin asarar kudaden shiga. Fasinjoji sun yi ta tuƙi a kan iyakar zuwa filayen jiragen sama da ke makwabtaka da Belgium ko Jamus don gujewa haraji.
Shin hakan zai iya faruwa a cikin Caribbean? Tabbas! Fasinjoji za su zaɓi wani tashar tsibiri daban ko wurin da ba shi da haraji, amma yana da rana, rairayin bakin teku da bishiyar dabino, da sabon binciken na iya samun ƙarin bayarwa. Gasar a ninka digiri.
Rahoton 2017 na PwC (PricewaterhouseCoopers) wanda 'Airlines for Europe' ya ba da izini, ya ba da bayyani mai zaman kansa game da harajin fasinja na jirgin sama na yanzu a Turai da kimanta tasirin tattalin arzikinsu. PwC ta kwaikwayi tasirin soke harajin gaba ɗaya a cikin Janairu 2018 a Jamus. Wasu daga cikin sakamakon binciken: ƙarin masu shigowa miliyan 24.6 nan da 2020; Karin masu shigowa yawon bude ido miliyan 10.5 nan da 2020; Karin kashe dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8 nan da shekarar 2020. An kiyasta cewa jimillar harajin fasinja da ake da shi zai tara dalar Amurka biliyan 1.2 a cikin shekara guda, duk da haka bayan soke duk haraji 108% na wannan za a maido da kudaden shiga na haraji kai tsaye ta wata hanya. Soke harajin fasinja na jirgin zai bunkasa GDPn kasar da dalar Amurka 79 biliyan tarawa cikin shekaru 12 masu zuwa.
ICAO ita ce Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya. wata hukuma ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Yana tsara ka'idoji da dabarun zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa tare da haɓaka tsarawa da haɓaka zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da ci gaba cikin aminci da tsari. ICAO ya bambanta da sauran kungiyoyin sufurin jiragen sama na duniya, kamar Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA), ƙungiyar kasuwanci da ke wakiltar kamfanonin jiragen sama.
ICAO tana da fayyace manufofi game da haraji kuma ana buƙatar ƙasashe membobin su yi amfani da manufofin ICAO akan haraji a cikin ayyukan gudanarwa. Kudirin Majalisar ICAO ya sha yin kira ga kasashe mambobin kungiyar da su bi manufofin ICAO kan haraji kada su sanya haraji kan sayarwa ko amfani da sufurin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, Membobin Ƙasashen ba su haɗa a cikin ASA's (Matsayi akan Haraji) alkawarin rage ko kawar da haraji kan siyarwa da amfani da jigilar jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa ba.
Membobin Caribbean na ICAO sune ƙasashe masu iko: Antigua da Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts da Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Trinidad da Tobago.
Tuni, a cikin 2013, a taron Sufuri na Duniya, ICAO ta fitar da rubutu mai zuwa don haɗawa cikin Tsarin Tsarin Haraji (TASA):
“…. Kowace ƙungiya za ta yi ƙoƙari don ragewa gwargwadon abin da za a iya yi tare da tsara shirye-shiryen kawar da shi da zarar yanayin tattalin arzikinta ya ba da izinin duk wani nau'i na haraji kan sayarwa ko amfani da sufurin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa, ciki har da haraji na ayyukan da ba a buƙata don jiragen sama na kasa da kasa. ko kuma wanda zai iya nuna bambanci."
A cewar ICAO haraji wani haraji ne da aka tsara don tara kudaden shiga na ƙasa ko na ƙananan hukumomi, waɗanda galibi ba a aiwatar da su a kan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama gabaɗaya ko kuma kan takamaiman farashi. ICAO ta kuma gane cewa, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ana samun bunkasuwar harajin yawon bude ido a wasu yankuna, musamman Latin Amurka, da Caribbean, da kuma a wani yanki kadan a Afirka, har zuwa dalar Amurka 55. A lokuta da dama, kudaden shiga daga harajin yawon bude ido suna biyan haraji irin wannan. kamar yadda ba a sake saka kuɗaɗen haɓakar yawon buɗe ido da harajin haɓaka balaguro don haɓaka yawon buɗe ido ba. Caribbean na iya samun suna na kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mugayen mutane a kan toshe a wannan batun.
Babban ƙa'idodin haraji da ke ƙunshe cikin manufofin ICAO ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ne akai-akai suna karɓar su a cikin takaddun manufofin. Wasu ƙungiyoyin yanki da ƙungiyoyin masana'antu, irin su Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Ƙasa (ACI) da Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA), sun kuma ɓullo da manufofin da ke adawa da wariya da rashin adalcin harajin gwamnati kan safarar jiragen sama. Hukumar Yawon shakatawa ta Duniya (UNWTO), duk da cewa ba a adawa da harajin kowane se, a matsayin wani bangare na alhakin kasafin kudi na Jihohi, ya yi la'akari da cewa ya kamata a binciki harajin tafiye-tafiye da idon basira don kauce wa nauyin da ya wuce kima kan matafiya/kamfanoni da nufin rage harajin da ke da mummunar tasiri a kan tafiye-tafiye. , don haka, a kan ci gaban yawon shakatawa.
Duk da wadannan tsare-tsare, shekaru goma da suka gabata an samu karuwar harajin da ba a taba yin irinsa ba kan tikitin fasinja a yankin. Wannan yanayin yana haifar da damuwa mai tsanani kuma yana da mummunan tasiri ga ci gaba mai dorewa na sufurin jiragen sama, wanda, a ƙarshe, ya yi mummunar tasiri ga masana'antar yawon shakatawa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa gaba ɗaya.
An shawarci gwamnatocin Caribbean da cewa kafin yanke shawara, yakamata a yi kima mai zaman kansa ta kwararrun kwararru da suka saba da tattalin arziki kan tasirin harajin fasinja. Tunanin 'mai kyau' don samun ƙarin kuɗi a cikin asusun ajiya na iya zama birai. Abin da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa kuma yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga tattalin arziƙin ba dole ba ne ya hana shi ta rashin ingantaccen harajin gwamnati.
ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- Each party shall undertake to reduce to the fullest practicable extent and make plans to eliminate as soon as its economic conditions permit all forms of taxation on the sale or use of international air transport, including such taxes for services which are not required for international civil aviation or which may discriminate against it.
- ICAO has also recognized that in the past decades there is a development of tourism taxes in some regions, in particular Latin America, the Caribbean and to a lesser extent in Africa, up to USD 55.
- According ICAO a tax is a levy that is designed to raise national or local government revenues, which are generally not applied to civil aviation in their entirety or on a cost specific basis.