Sabon salo a cikin yawon shakatawa ya fita daga wannan duniyar gaba ɗaya… kuma a kusa da kusurwa.
Tafiya na yau da kullun na kasuwanci zuwa sararin samaniya na iya zama al'ada da zaran 2012, kamar yadda na gaba na jiragen sama - tsara ta kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kamar Virgin Galactic, Orbital Sciences Corp., Space Exploration Technologies Corp. da sauransu - jigilar farar hula masu neman kasada zuwa cikin su. Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa.
A can, za su iya ganin rana ta fito sau da yawa a rana, kuma suna fuskantar yanayin duniyar duniyar da kawai 'yan sama jannatin NASA kamar Neil Armstrong ko Buzz Aldrin suka gani a baya. Idan suna son tsawaita zamansu, za su iya shiga otal ɗin otal ɗin farko mai kewayawa na tsarin hasken rana, The Galactic Space Suite Hotel, wanda zai buɗe cikin shekaru uku.
"Akwai ƙarin ayyuka irin wannan da ke gudana fiye da yawancin masana har ma sun sani," Doug Raybeck, masanin futurist kuma farfesa a Kwalejin Hamilton a New York, ya gaya wa FoxNews.com. "Akwai mutane da yawa suna haɓaka wannan fasaha a ƙarƙashin radar kuma suna son hakan."
Yayin da NASA ta yi ritayar jiragenta na jigilar jiragen sama a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wadannan jiragen ruwa masu zuwa za su kuma harba gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da tauraron dan adam zuwa sararin samaniya, ko zuwa tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa (ISS).
Anan ga samfurin jirgin sama mara matuki:
• WhiteKnightTwo wani jirgin ruwa ne mai amfani da jet wanda zai harba kumbon SpaceShipTwo; Motocin biyu sun samar da tsarin harba mutum mai hawa biyu, kuma Billionaire Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic ya riga ya ba da umarnin WhiteKnightTwos biyu. Jiragen za su zama tushen tushen jiragen ruwa na karkashin kasa na Virgin Galactic, wadanda za su rika karbar masu yawon bude ido a sararin samaniya dala $200,000 kan kai na jirgin sama na sa'o'i 2. Ayyukan farko za su yi aiki daga Spaceport America a New Mexico, kodayake wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa na iya buɗewa a cikin Burtaniya ko Sweden.
• Dragon, jirgin sama mai tashi da sauri, wanda za a iya sake amfani da shi na SpaceX ne ke kera shi don shirin NASA na Commercial Orbital Transport Services. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 2005, kumbon Dragon ɗin ya ƙunshi capsule mai matsa lamba don ma'aikata da akwati mara matsi don jigilar kaya.
• Jirgin Bincike na Orion Crew shine jirgin NASA na gaba. Za ta yi jigilar ma'aikatan zuwa da kuma daga tashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa, wata da duniyar Mars kuma Lockheed-Martin da Orbital Sciences Corp ne ke samar da shi.
Wasu fasahohin, har yanzu suna cikin matakin tunani, sun ma fi busa hankali, gami da kumbon da ke amfani da “sails na rana,” wanda ke amfani da iskar hasken rana don tafiya tsakanin taurarin tsawon shekaru dubu tsakanin haske. Jiragen sama na tsawon shekaru dubu na iya zama kamar rashin hankali, amma masana kimiyyar roka suna da mafita kan hakan, suma. Ƙari akan wannan batu a cikin minti daya.
"Wadannan 'yan kasuwa na fasaha suna gab da samar da sabon tattalin arziki, kamar yadda Bill Gates ya yi da PC a cikin 1980s," in ji Patricia Hynes, darektan NASA New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, kuma mai shirya taron shekara-shekara kan harkokin kasuwanci. jirgin, kwanan nan da aka gudanar a Las Cruces, NM
Masana'antar Burgeoning
Masu neman sararin samaniya sun yi magana game da sararin kasuwanci tsawon shekarun da suka gabata; Shugaba Reagan yana da ofishin kasuwanci a cikin Sashen Kasuwancin sa shekaru 20 da suka wuce. Amma abubuwa da yawa sun haɗu, daga baya, don sanya hangen nesa wani abu da za a iya samu cikin sauri.
Na farko, masana sun gaya wa FoxNews.com, sabbin kayayyaki da fasahohin motsa sararin samaniya suna baiwa masu haɓaka damar kera waɗannan kumbon sama da arha fiye da da. Bayan haka, gwamnatin tarayya - tana fuskantar basussukan da ba a taɓa ganin irinsu ba daga kashe kashen da gwamnatin Obama ta yi - ba ta da sha'awar tallafawa ayyukan NASA na mafarki.
Don ci gaba da tsara tsarinta na dogon lokaci, hukumar ta sararin samaniya tana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, waɗanda za su iya amfani da kuɗi daga bankunan zuba jari don samun harba motoci da jiragen sama suna tafiya cikin sauri da arha fiye da gwamnati. "Abin da ya fi wayo da suka taɓa yi shi ne isa ga ƴan kasuwa," in ji Raybeck, mai fafutuka. "Akwai kudi a cikinsu akwai tuddai."
Wannan ya baiwa Amurka damar yin jagoranci na shekaru biyar kan Sinawa, da sauran kasashe, a fannin kasuwancin sararin samaniya, in ji Hynes. "Ba za su iya yin gogayya da mu ta fannin fasaha ba, ko ta fannin kuɗi ko kuma ta tsarin tsari."
Batun tsarin mulkin tarayya ya bayyana, a bainar jama'a, a karon farko a taron sararin samaniya na duniya karo na 60 a Koriya ta Kudu. Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya (FAA), hukumar gwamnatin Amurka da ke kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, yanzu ana tuhumarta da ba da lasisi ga kamfanonin harba sararin samaniya a Amurka.
George Nield, mataimakin shugaban hukumar ta FAA, shirin zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya, ya yi magana a wurin nunin game da waɗannan sabbin dokoki.
“Wannan lokaci ne mai matuƙar farin ciki don jigilar sararin samaniyar kasuwanci. Akwai wasu sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki kuma masu nisa da ke zuwa. Har ya zuwa wannan lokaci, hukumomin gwamnati sun mamaye yunkurin jirgin saman mutane. A cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, ina tsammanin masana'antu masu zaman kansu za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙananan kewayar duniya da kuma jirgin sama na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, "Nield ya gaya wa mahalarta taron. “Wannan zai bukaci lasisin kaddamar da ofishin mu da ke FAA. Muna kan bakin kofa na wani sabon zamani a harkar sufurin sararin samaniya… yawon shakatawa na sararin samaniya."
FAA tana aiki tare da "kamfanonin sararin samaniya rabin dozin" akan wannan a yanzu, in ji Nield. Ya kara da cewa za a yi “daruruwan” na harba sararin kasuwanci a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma hakan zai “canza yadda muke tunani game da sararin samaniya.”
Nawa Zai Kashe Ni?
A cewar shugaban kamfanin Virgin Galactic, Will Whitehorn, kamfaninsa na shirin jigilar mutane zuwa sararin samaniya sau biyu a rana idan ya fara aiki a shekaru masu zuwa. "Wannan zai zama kwarewar rayuwarsu," in ji Whitehorn. Daruruwan mutane sun riga sun yi rajistar tashin jirgin na farko a Virgin.
Da farko, yawon shakatawa zai yi tsada sosai, kusan $200,000 kowane fasinja. "Amma farashi zai ragu," John Lindner, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Kwalejin Wooster a Ohio, ya gaya wa FoxNews.com. "Kuma ayyuka za su ci gaba."
Misali, fasinjoji na iya yin balaguro don ziyartar asteroids, in ji injiniyan sararin samaniya Greg Matloff, farfesa a Kwalejin City na New York, a wata hira da FoxNews.com. "Amma don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa, da kuma tafiye-tafiyen tsarin rana, dole ne ku yi amfani da albarkatun tsarin hasken rana don tabbatar da shi," in ji Matloff.
Matloff ya yi la'akari da cewa ana iya gina waɗancan jiragen ruwa ta hanyar fasahar nano waɗanda za su jiƙa iskar hasken rana da haskoki gamma don samun iko. Tafiya zuwa wani galaxy zai zama da wahala sosai, duk da haka. Robots za su yi amfani da jiragen ruwa, domin tafiyar za ta ɗauki fiye da shekaru 1,000. Don ’yan Adam su yi wannan balaguro, dole ne su fara farawa a matsayin zygotes masu daskararru, in ji Matloff, kuma sun ta da rai yayin da jirgin ya kusa zuwa wurinsa na ƙarshe.
Kamfanonin Amurka ba su kadai ne ke binciken wannan fasahar fasaha ba, kodayake da alama suna da babban jagora a yanzu. Rashawa da Faransawa kuma suna sa ido kan zirga-zirgar sararin samaniyar kasuwanci nan gaba. Mario Delepine, mai magana da yawun kamfanin ƙaddamar da kasuwanci na Parisian Arianespace, ya gaya wa FoxNews.com cewa kamfaninsa ya riga ya fara tunanin "ƙarni na gaba na fasahar ƙaddamarwa. Wannan dole ne a shirya nan da 2025, kusan. "
Duk da cewa tattalin arzikin duniya ya shiga wani mawuyacin hali a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ko makamancin haka, fannin sararin samaniya ya karu da kashi 9 cikin dari a shekara cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, fiye da tattalin arzikin kasa baki daya a wannan lokacin. "Muna samar da sabon tattalin arziki," in ji Hynes.
