Dar na shirin kaddamar da sawun dan adam mafi dadewa a duniya ga masu yawon bude ido

Arusha, Tanzaniya (eTN) – Jihar ta sanar a hukumance shirinta na sake binne sawun hominid mafi tsufa a duniya a yankin Laitole da ke Arewacin Tanzaniya saboda ayyukan kiyayewa da yawon buɗe ido.

Dokta Mary Leakey ta gano a cikin 1978, hanyoyin sawun ƙafa masu tsayin mita 23 a wurin Laetole a cikin 1995 an rufe su da wani ƙaƙƙarfan Layer na kariya bayan da aka yi zargin sun fara lalacewa tare da fallasa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, waƙoƙin shekaru miliyan 3.6 ba a buɗe wa kusan masu yawon bude ido 400,000 na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke ziyartar wurin Laitole da ke yankin Ngorongoro ba.

Da yake bayyana shekaru 50 da gano kokon kan mutum na farko, wanda ake kyautata zaton shi ne mafi dadewa a tarihin binciken kayan tarihi na duniya, mataimakin ministan albarkatun kasa da yawon bude ido Ezekiel Maige, ya ce rabin hanyoyin mutane 14 mafi tsufa za a gano su biyu ne. tsawon shekaru.

"Masana kimiyya a halin yanzu suna nazarin yadda mafi kyawun sawun ɗan adam na farko za a iya buɗewa da adanawa," in ji Maige a ranar Alhamis jim kaɗan bayan bikin cika shekaru 50 na Zinariya na Zinjanthropus da kuma kafa wasu shahararrun wuraren shakatawa na yawon buɗe ido biyu a Afirka, dajin Serengeti da yankin kiyayewa na Ngorongoro. .

Da yake amsa tambayar da dan jaridan ya yi, Maige ya ce gagarumin aikin gano sawun zai dauki lokaci domin babban shiri ne da ya kunshi nazarin kimiyya da kuma kashe kudi da suka kai biliyoyin kudade.

Da yake tsokaci, darektan Sashen Antiquitie na Tanzaniya, hukumar da ke da alhakin sawun sawun Laetoli, Donatius Kamamba ya ce sun haɗa da wani masanin kimiyyar gida don yin nazari tare da fito da "taswirar hanya" don buɗe sawun. "Taswirar hanyar kimiyya za ta hada da duk abubuwan da ake bukata don gano sawun sawun lafiya, mafi kyawun hanyoyin kiyaye su da kuma abubuwan da ake kashewa" Dr. Kamamba ya bayyana.

Shugaba Jakaya Kikwete, wanda a baya ya zama mai ziyara a yankin Ngorongoro, bai taba jin dadin sake binne sawun ba, ya kuma umurci hukumomin da abin ya shafa da su bankado mafi dadewar hanyoyin dan Adam domin yawon bude ido.

“Shugaba Kikwete bai sami wata dabara ba kwata-kwata don ya ci gaba da rufe wannan wurin da ake jan hankalin yawon bude ido. Ya ba da umarnin buɗe waƙoƙin don fa'idodin maziyartanmu," mataimakin mai kula da kayan tarihi, Godfrey Ole Moita, ya shaida wa Guardian bara.

Shugaban riko na NCAA Bernard Murunya ya amince da hujjar shugaban kasa na bankado sawun. "Na yarda da shugaban mu Kikwete cewa da zarar an buɗe sawun, zai zama ƙarin fakitin yawon buɗe ido kuma ƙarin masu yawon bude ido za su shiga don ganin waƙoƙin," Murunya ya bayyana.

Sanarwar da jihar ta bayar na bude shafin na iya zama farkon karshen tada muhawara kan yadda za a fi kare wakokin shekaru miliyan 3.6.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana sun bayyana fargabar tsofin sawun dan Adam da suka lalata hanyoyin kiyayewa, suna masu cewa yanayin yanayi ya fara yin illa ga wadannan kariyar, lamarin da ke kara nuna damuwa cewa kwafin da aka adana a gadon toka mai aman wuta zai iya cutar da shi ta hanyar zaizayar kasa, dabbobi ko kuma mutane.

Hakan ya sa masanin ilimin halittar dan kasar Tanzaniya Charles Musiba ya yi kira da a samar da sabon gidan kayan tarihi don bayyanawa da kuma nuna alamun tarihi.

Amma masana ilimin ɗan adam na ƙasashen waje suna tambayar wannan ra'ayi - kamar yadda suka yi lokacin da aka rufe waƙoƙin - saboda Laetoli yana tafiyar sa'o'i da yawa zuwa Yankin Tsare-tsare na Ngorongoro, wanda ke sa gadi da kula da duk wani wurin aiki da wahala.

Musiba ya gabatar da kudirinsa na gina gidan kayan gargajiya a kwanan baya a taron kasa da kasa kan kiyayewa da aikace-aikacen sawun Hominid, a Koriya ta Kudu. A cewarsa, a halin yanzu Tanzaniya tana da karfin kimiyya da kuma kudaden da za ta gina da kuma kula da gidan kayan tarihi. "Ina jin tilas in fitar da wannan batu," in ji Musiba. “Halin da ake ciki yanzu ya nuna kariyar na wucin gadi ne. Cikakken kayan tarihi na iya zama wani ɓangare na hanyar safari don masu yawon bude ido."

Amma wannan ra'ayi ya damu da wasu masu bincike irin su masanin ilimin ɗan adam Tim White na Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Terry Harrison a Jami'ar New York. Suna cikin ƙungiyar da ke son yanke gabaɗayan hanya daga gefen tsaunin Satman, sannan a sanya shi a cikin gidan kayan tarihi a cikin wani birni na Tanzaniya, ko dai Dar-es-Salaam ko Arusha.

"Idan an gano su, za su zama magnet don matsala," in ji White. "Sa'an nan za a sawa kwafi."

Sai dai kuma, Kamamba ya bayyana mamakinsa kan rahoton zaizayar kasa da kuma kudirin gidan adana kayan tarihi, inda ya yi alkawarin hukumarsa za ta binciki wurin, amma ya nuna shakku kan yiwuwar karkatar da gadon toka da ka iya rugujewa.

Kwararru daga Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Getty da ke Los Angeles ne suka gina kariyar kariya a yanzu. Masu bincike irin su Leakey da White sun sanya wani datti a kan sawun sawun.

Amma ba a cire tsaban acacia daga cikin ƙasa ba, don haka bishiyun suka fara girma, suna barazanar yayyaga ɓangarorin ƙaƙƙarfan toka mai aman wuta.

Masu kiyayewa na Getty Neville Agnew da Martha Demas sun cire tsohon Layer da girma, sun rufe kwafin da wani tabarmar masana'anta ta musamman da aka tsara don iyakance kutsen ruwa, sannan ta rufe wannan da tsaftataccen ƙasa da duwatsu a cikin 1995.

Wannan ya yi aiki da kyau har zuwa shekaru biyu da suka gabata lokacin da ruwan sama ya ƙaru ya cika ramukan da ke kewaye da ramuka da zurfafa, wanda ya haifar da zaizayar ƙasa da ke fallasa gefen tabarma.

Duk sun yarda cewa ana buƙatar rufe tabarmar da sauri, idan, alal misali, mutanen ƙabilar gida suna ƙoƙarin cire ta don wasu amfani.

Sai dai har yanzu ana tafka muhawara a kan mafita ta dogon lokaci. Shugaba Kikwete yana ganin zai yi kyau a bar sawun a can inda masu yawon bude ido za su iya samun dama da kuma yaba wa hanyoyin.

Kasar Tanzaniya na bikin cikar wannan gagarumin biki kan namun daji da kiyaye dabi'a bayan rabin karni da kafa wasu shahararrun wuraren shakatawa na yawon bude ido guda biyu a Afirka, dajin Serengeti da kuma yankin kiyaye muhalli na Ngorongoro, tare da sa ido don inganta wuraren.

Dangane da wuraren shakatawa guda biyu, wadanda babu kamarsu a Afirka, masu binciken kayan tarihi na bikin cika shekaru 50 da gano kokon kan mutum na farko, wanda aka yi imanin shi ne mafi tsufa a tarihin binciken kayan tarihi na duniya.

A cikin yankin Ngorongoro Conservation Area akwai kwazazzabo na Olduvai, inda Dokta da Misis Leakey suka gano ragowar Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') da Homo habilis mai shekaru miliyan 1.75, wanda ke nuna cewa jinsin ɗan adam ya fara samuwa a wannan yanki.

Biyu daga cikin mahimman wuraren binciken burbushin halittu da na kayan tarihi a duniya, Olduvai Gorge da Laetoli wurin sawun sawun a Ngarusi ana samun su a cikin yankin Ngorongoro. Har yanzu ba a sami ƙarin bincike mai mahimmanci a yankin ba.

Serengeti National Park ba shakka shine wurin da aka fi sani da namun daji a duniya, wanda bai yi daidai da kyawun yanayinsa da kimar kimiyya ba. Tana da daji sama da miliyan biyu, da gazelle na Thomson rabin miliyan, da kwata na zebra miliyan, tana da mafi girman yawan wasan fili a Afirka. Wildebeest da zebra suma sun samar da simintin tauraro mai ban mamaki na musamman - hijirar Serengeti na shekara-shekara.