"Buffalo Bill" Cody: Wild West mai tallata yawon shakatawa

William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (1846-1917) wani almara ne na Ba’amurke, mafarauci, mafarauci, gwanati, mai wasan kwaikwayo na Wild West, mahayin doki da mai haɓaka otal. A 1902, Cody ya buɗe Irma Hotel mai suna bayan 'yarsa. Ya yi tsammanin karuwar yawan masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa Cody, Wyoming, akan titin jirgin kasa na Burlington da aka gina kwanan nan. Yayin da yawancin Amurkawa sun san fitaccen Bill Buffalo saboda Nunin Wild West, shi ma ya kasance mai tallata yawon shakatawa a wurin shakatawa na Yellowstone.

Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Bill Cody ya zama mahayi ga Pony Express yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu. A lokacin yakin basasa na Amurka, ya yi aiki a cikin Sojan Tarayyar Turai daga 1863 zuwa 1865. Daga baya, ya yi aiki a matsayin farar hula na sojan Amurka a lokacin yakin Indiya kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa a 1872 don aikin gallantry.

Labarin Buffalo Bill ya fara yaɗuwa tun yana ɗan shekara ashirin. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo na kaboyi waɗanda ke nuna abubuwan da suka faru daga kan iyaka da Yaƙin Indiya. Ya kafa Buffalo Bill's Wild West a cikin 1883, yana ɗaukar babban kamfaninsa yawon shakatawa a Amurka kuma ya fara a 1887 a Burtaniya da Nahiyar Turai. Ya zagaya Turai sau takwas ta hanyar 1906. Nunin ya yi nasara sosai a Turai, wanda ya sa Cody ya zama mashahurin duniya kuma ɗan Amurka. Mark Twain yayi sharhi, “Ana yawan cewa a daya bangaren ruwa cewa babu daya daga cikin nune-nunen da muka aika zuwa Ingila ba Amurkawa zalla. Idan za ku ɗauki wasan kwaikwayon Wild West a can za ku iya cire wannan zargi. "

Bayan buɗe Otal ɗin Irma a cikin 1902, Cody ya kammala ginin Wapiti Inn da Pahasca Teepee a 1905 tare da taimakon mai zane, mai kiwon dabbobi da mai ba da taimako Abraham Archibald Anderson. Tun daga tsakiyar 1870s, Anderson ya yi karatun fasaha a Paris, da farko tare da Léon Bonnat, sannan a ƙarƙashin Alexandre Cabanel, Fernand Cormon, Auguste Rodin, da Raphaël Collin. Anderson ya sami suna don hotunansa. Hotonsa na 1889 na Thomas Alva Edison yana cikin National Hoton Gallery a Washington DC

A cikin 1900, Anderson ya ba da izini ga ginin Bryant Park Studios na New York mai hawa 10 na ginin Charles A. Rich. Ana zaune a gefen kudu na Bryant Park, tagoginta masu karimci da manyan rufaffiyar an tsara su musamman don masu fasaha. Anderson ya kula da nasa ɗakin a saman bene har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa. Bryant Park Studios ya zama sananne nan da nan, kuma masu haya sun haɗa da John LaFarge, Frederick Stuart Church, Winslow Homer, Augustus Saint-Gaudens da William Merritt Chase. Ginin yana tsaye.

Komawa Amurka a lokacin bazara, Anderson ya sayi ƙasa a arewa maso yammacin Wyoming kuma ya haɓaka ta zuwa Ranch Palette. Shi da kansa ya tsara William “Buffalo Bill” Cody's bako ranch Pahaska Teepee, da nasa gida, Anderson Lodge. Wannan masaukin ya zama hedkwatar gudanarwa ta farko na gandun dajin Yellowstone a cikin 1902, yayin da Shugaba Roosevelt ya nada Anderson a matsayin Babban Sufeto na Musamman na Gandun Daji. Anderson ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyayewa da haɓaka yankin Yellowstone.

Wadannan wurare suna cikin nisan mil 50 tsakanin Cody da ƙofar gabas na Yellowstone Park akan Titin Yellowstone wanda Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ayyana a matsayin "mafi kyawun yanayi mai nisan mil 50 a Amurka". An gina Pahaska Tepee tsakanin 1903 zuwa 1905 a matsayin wurin farauta da otal na rani kuma an jera shi akan Rijistar Tarihi ta Ƙasa. An samo sunanta daga kalmomin "pahinhonska" (sunan Lakota don Buffalo Bill) ma'ana "dogon gashin kai," da "teepee" (lodge) wanda ya haifar da "Longhair's Lodge". An gina shi ne bayan an kammala layin dogo na Chicago-Burlington-Quincy da hanyar gwamnati zuwa Cody.

Wapiti Inn yana cikin motar kwana ɗaya daga Cody kuma Pahaska Teepee yana cikin tuƙi na kwana biyu. An hana motoci daga Yellowstone har zuwa 1915 don haka Pahaska Teepee shine tasha ta ƙarshe don motocin da ke shiga wurin shakatawa. Yayin da aka ƙyale ƙarin motoci shiga Yellowstone, kwana a Wapiti Inn ya ƙi kuma otal ɗin ya ruguje. An yi amfani da gungumen don gina wani bunkhouse a Pahaska Teepee. Babban tsarin Teepee tsari ne mai hawa biyu wanda ya auna ƙafa 83.5 da ƙafa 60. Ginin yana fuskantar gabas, ƙasan kwarin Shoshone. Babban matakin yana kewaye da baranda a arewa, kudu da gabas tare da babbar hanyar shiga ta gabas. Ƙofofin biyu suna kaiwa zuwa cikin zauren da ya shimfiɗa zuwa rufin tare da murhu na dutse a kishiyar ƙarshen. Dakin cin abinci yana bayan murhu. Zauren na kewaye da mezzanine galleries. Cody ya yi amfani da ƙaramin ɗakuna sama da baranda na gabas. Pahaska Teepee yana aiki a matsayin wurin shakatawa na dutse kuma an jera shi a cikin National Register of Places Historic Places a 1973. An kira shi "Gem of the Rockies" na Buffalo Bill.

Otal ɗin Irma wani wuri ne a Cody, Wyoming tare da sanannen mashaya da aka yi da itacen ceri wanda Sarauniya Victoria ta ba da kyautar Buffalo Bill. Irma ya buɗe tare da wata ƙungiya a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 1902, wanda ya sami halartar manema labarai da manyan mutane daga nesa kamar Boston. Da sauri hotel din ya zama cibiyar zamantakewar Cody. A halin yanzu, Buffalo Bill yana fuskantar matsin lamba daga masu ba da bashi kuma an tilasta masa sanya hannu kan otal ɗin ga matarsa ​​Louisa a cikin 1913, wanda a lokacin yana da mummunan sharuɗɗa da shi. Bayan mutuwar Cody a shekara ta 1917, otal ɗin an kulle shi kuma an sayar da shi zuwa Barney Link. Kafin karshen shekara, gidan yanar gizon Link ya sayar da kadarorin ga Louisa, wadda ta mallaki ta har sai da ta mutu a 1925. Sabbin masu mallakar, Henry da Pearl Newell, sun fadada otal a hankali, suna gina haɗin gwiwa a kusa da 1930 a gefen yamma don ɗaukar mota. -haihuwa baƙi. Bayan mutuwar mijinta a 1940, Pearl Newell ta yi aiki a otal ɗin har zuwa mutuwarta a 1965. Ta bar tarin abubuwan tunawa da Buffalo Bill na otal zuwa Cibiyar Tarihi ta Buffalo kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa za a yi amfani da kuɗin da aka samu daga gidan a matsayin kyauta ga gidan kayan gargajiya. . Otal ɗin Irma har yanzu yana buɗe don kasuwanci azaman otal da gidan abinci. An haɗa shi a cikin Rajista na Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa, wanda aka jera a cikin 1973.

Gidan Wapiti Lodge mai tarihi kadara ce mai kyau da aka dawo da ita a tsakiyar kwarin Northfork, wanda ke kallon kogin Shoshone. An gina shi a cikin 1904 a madadin Wapiti Inn da Ben da Mary Simpers suka rushe, an san shi da Green Lantern Tourist Camp, kuma an yi imanin cewa ita ce kafa ta farko da ta mallaki lasisin siyar da giya bayan an soke Hana. Simpers kuma sun fara sabis na abinci na farko a cikin kwari, suna ba da abincin dare kaji ga masu yawon bude ido da mazauna yankin. Daga baya Simpers ya sayar wa FO Sanzenbacker a cikin 1931, kuma an canza sunan zuwa Wapiti Lodge. Gidan ya samo asali ne a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, daga gidan mai, babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki, ofis, da gidan abinci, yanzu yana komawa ga ainihin sadaukarwarsa na shakatawa da nishaɗi ga matafiya. Har ila yau, kadarar ta kasance gidan Ofishin Wapiti daga 1938 har zuwa 2010. Ko da yake sama da shekaru 100, lokaci ya kasance mai kyau wajen kiyaye tsarin masaukin da kuma alherinsa. A yau, masaukin ya kwatanta halin Wyoming da fara'a, tare da ɗan tsohuwar haɗin gwiwa tare da jin daɗin da ake tsammanin matafiya masu hankali.

Ban da gida da ɗakin kwana, akwai suites guda shida a yanzu, duk suna ɗaukar salo da ƙaya na zamanin da da na yanzu. Lodge yana alfahari da jin daɗi na zamani da dacewa ga baƙi tare da ɗakunan girki, wayoyi, TV na USB na WIFI, karin kumallo na nahiyar, wuraren taro, da ɗakin wasan yara da manya. Kyawawan shimfidar wuri da ke kewaye da masaukin wani kari ne tare da kamun kifi a kan keɓaɓɓen shimfidar kogin Shoshone.

A matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri na kan iyaka, Cody yana mutunta ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka kuma yana goyan bayan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. Ya dauki da yawa daga cikinsu aiki tare da albashi mai kyau da kuma damar inganta rayuwarsu. Ya taɓa cewa "kowace barkewar Indiya da na taɓa sani ta samo asali ne daga karya alkawura da karya yarjejeniyoyin gwamnati." Cody ya kuma goyi bayan 'yancin mata. Ya ce, “Abin da muke so mu yi shi ne a baiwa mata ‘yanci fiye da yadda suke da su. Su yi kowane irin aiki da suka ga dama, idan kuma su ma maza suke yi, sai a ba su albashi guda”. A cikin nune-nunen nasa, yawanci ana nuna Indiyawan suna kai hari kan kociyoyin wasan motsa jiki da jiragen karusai kuma barayi da sojoji suka kore su. Yawancin ’yan uwa sun yi tafiya tare da mazajen, kuma Cody ya ƙarfafa mata da ’ya’yan ’yan wasansa na Amirkawa su kafa sansani - kamar yadda za su yi a ƙasashensu - a matsayin wani ɓangare na wasan kwaikwayo. Yana son jama'a masu biyan kuɗi su ga ɓangaren ɗan adam na "mayaƙan mayaka" kuma su ga cewa suna da iyalai kamar sauran kuma suna da nasu al'adu daban-daban. An kuma san Cody a matsayin mai kula da kiyayewa wanda ya yi magana game da farautar buya kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa lokacin farauta.

Cibiyar Bill na Buffalo na Yamma babban kayan aiki ne na zamani wanda ke kusa da tsakiyar Cody. Ya ƙunshi gidajen tarihi guda biyar a ɗaya, ciki har da Draper Natural History Museum, Plains Indian Museum, Cody Firearms Museum, Whitney Western Art Museum da Buffalo Bill Museum wanda ke ba da tarihin rayuwar William F. Cody, wanda aka ba wa cibiyar suna. . Cibiyar tarihi ita ce wurin da aka fi so ga masu yawon bude ido da ke wucewa ta garin a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa ko daga Yellowstone. Tsohuwar Trail Town, maido da gine-gine da kayan tarihi na yammacin duniya sama da ashirin da biyar yana cikin Cody kusa da Babban Titin Yellowstone. Rodeo yana da mahimmanci a cikin al'adun Cody wanda ke kiran kansa "Rodeo Capital of the World". Cody Nite Rodeo shine rodeo mai son da ake gudanarwa kowane dare daga Yuni 1 zuwa Agusta 31. Cody kuma yana karbar bakuncin Cody Stampede Rodeo, daya daga cikin rodeo mafi girma a cikin al'umma wanda kungiyar kwararrun Rodeo Cowboys ke daukar nauyinta wanda aka gudanar daga Yuli 14. kowace shekara tun 1919.

Marubucin, Stanley Turkel, mashahurin masani ne kuma mai ba da shawara a masana'antar otal. Yana aiki a otal dinsa, karimci da kuma aikin ba da shawara da ke ƙwarewa a cikin sarrafa kadara, duba ayyukan aiki da tasirin yarjeniyoyin mallakar otal da ayyukan bayar da tallafi. Abokan ciniki sune masu mallakar otal, masu saka jari da cibiyoyin bada lamuni. Littattafansa sun hada da: Manyan Otal din Amurkawa: Majagaba na Masana'antar Otal din (2009), An Gina Su Zuwa :arshe: Hotunan shekara 100+ a New York (2011), An Gina Su Zuwa :arshe: Hotunan shekara 100+ na Gabas na Mississippi (2013 ), Mavens na Hotel: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt da Oscar na Waldorf (2014), Great American Hoteliers Volume 2: Majagaba na Hotel Hotel (2016), da sabon littafinsa, Gina Zuwa Lastarshe: 100 + Year -Old Hotels West of the Mississippi (2017) - ana samun su a cikin hardback, paperback, da Ebook format - wanda Ian Schrager ya rubuta a cikin jumla: “Wannan littafin na musamman ya kammala tarihin tarihin otal 182 na kyawawan ɗakuna 50 ko fiye… Ina jin da gaske cewa kowane makarantar otal ya kamata ya mallaki waɗannan littattafan kuma ya sanya su bukatar karatu ga ɗalibai da ma'aikatansu. ”

Duk littattafan marubucin na iya yin oda daga Gidan Gida ta danna nan.