Dillalan kasafin kudin Asiya suna tashi sama da sama

SINGAPORE - Alama ce ta canjin lokutan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da cewa a lokacin da babban jirgin saman Japan Airlines (JAL) ke neman fatara a watan da ya gabata, Tiger Airways na kasafin kudin Singapore yana sayar da hannayen jarinsa ga jama'a don neman cewa hajojinsa ya kasance. wanda sau 21 ya yi yawa akan musayar hannun jarin birnin.

Tabarbarewar farashin man fetur, da jan hankalin tafiye-tafiye a cikin tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin duniya, da kuma matsalar cutar murar H1N1 a shekarar da ta gabata, duk sun kulla makarkashiyar kulla alaka da masu jigilar kayayyaki na yankin (FSCs), lamarin da ya sa mutane da yawa suka yanke hanyoyi tare da datsa ma'aikata - ko kuma, dangane da JAL. don yin karo da ƙonewa a ƙarƙashin nauyin basusuka masu nauyi.

JAL, ko da yake babban lamari ne, ba shi kaɗai ba ne a cikin manyan dillalan Asiya a cikin fafitika a cikin koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya. Kamfanin jiragen sama na Singapore (SIA), babban kamfanin jirgin sama a kasuwa, a bara ya rage karfinsa da kashi 11%, ya jinkirta isar da sabbin jiragen Airbus takwas, da rage albashin ma’aikata da sa’o’in aiki – kuma har yanzu ya yi asarar dalar Amurka miliyan 428 (US $304). miliyan) a farkon watanni shida na shekarar kasafin kuɗi, wanda ke wakiltar asarar farko ta baya-baya a cikin kwata wanda babban mai ɗaukar kaya ya yi a cikin fiye da shekaru bakwai.

Kamfanin jiragen sama na Thai Airways ya kuma yi asara mai yawa a kan rage nauyin fasinja da kuma rashin gudanar da manyan ayyuka, lamarin da ya haifar da fargabar cewa jirgin da ya taba yin alfahari da shi na iya bin hanyar JAL din da ta yi fatara ba tare da yin wani garambawul ga ayyukansa ba. An tilastawa Garuda na Indonesiya dage shirinsa a bara don yin jerin gwano a kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari saboda tabarbarewar harkokin kudi.

Dangane da wannan mummunan yanayin, masu jigilar kayayyaki masu rahusa na Asiya (LCCs) sun yi amfani da rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya a matsayin wata dama ta zinari don samun rabon kasuwa da kuma daidaita matsayinsu ta hanyar kamfanonin jiragen sama masu daraja. Wannan kyakkyawan hangen nesa ya bayyana a wani taron masana'antu a wannan watan a Singapore, inda manyan jami'an LCC da yawa suka yi magana game da ribar rikodin, tsare-tsare masu fa'ida da kuma yuwuwar jerin kasuwannin hannayen jari.

LCCs sun kai kashi 15.7% na kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama na Asiya a bara, ko kuma ƙasa da ɗaya cikin kowane kujeru shida da aka sayar a yankin, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Asiya Pacific. Hakan ya haura sama da kashi 14 cikin 2008 a shekarar 1.1 kuma ya ci gaba da karuwa daga kashi 2001% na LCC da aka lissafa a shekarar XNUMX. Wadancan nasarorin da aka samu a kasuwa, in ji manazarta, sun zo ne da kudin kai tsaye na kamfanonin jiragen sama na yankin.

LCCs sun yi fiye da canza tsarin tattalin arzikin masana'antu; sun mayar da martani da sauri ga canza abubuwan da mabukaci da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. Lokacin da koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya ya yi kamari a shekara ta 2008, matafiya na Asiya sun koma baya sosai kan kujerun alatu kuma suna neman mafi ƙarancin farashi.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu inganci, da yawa masu nauyi tare da tsayayyen tsarin farashi da kuma manyan basussuka, sun yi jinkirin amsa canjin kuma a sakamakon haka sun yi hasarar ga masu fafatawa na LCC. A wani ɓangare, wannan saboda LCCs suna aiki akan wani tsari daban-daban na zato na tattalin arziki da kuɗi.

Tony Davies, babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin Tiger Airways na Singapore da aka jera kwanan nan, ya ce kamfanin jirginsa ya bi sawun dabarun kasuwancin Amurka Walmart: "[LCCs] ainihin dillalai ne," in ji shi. "Kasuwancin mu shine siyar da kujeru."

Kamar yawancin LCCs na yanki, Tiger Airways ya doke farashi ta hanyar kawar da abubuwan da ba a so ba, gami da abinci a kan jirgi da ƙididdigar tikitin kan-ƙasa. LCCs sun kasance suna tafiya a al'ada na sa'o'i hudu ko ƙasa da haka, suna ba su damar yin amfani da ma'aikatan jirgin guda ɗaya don dawo da jirage a rana guda. Hakan ya ba LCCs damar ɗaukar ma'aikata kaɗan kuma su guje wa babban kashe kuɗin masauki na dare don membobin jirgin.

Yawancin LCCs kuma suna kula da ingantattun jiragen ruwa, tare da yawancin tura nau'in jet guda ɗaya, mai amfani da mai, kamar Airbus 320 ko Boeing 787. Wannan ya ba su damar adanawa, kayan gyara da kuma kuɗin horo. Tare da raguwar irin waɗannan farashin, LCCs na iya cajin farashi mai rahusa fiye da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu ƙima ba tare da haifar da asara ba, musamman a cikin yanayin rikici.

LCCs kuma sun sami hanyoyin ƙirƙira don haɓaka kuɗin shiga marasa alaƙa da tikiti. An san su akan ma'auni a matsayin kudaden shiga na "akalla", wasu LCCs sun ci riba ta hanyar rarraba kayayyaki da ayyuka waɗanda ke ba fasinjoji damar karba da biyan abin da suke so. Lim Kim Hai, shugaban zartarwa na kamfanin jirgin sama na Regional Express na kasafin kuɗi na Ostiraliya, ya yi nuni da tsarin ba da haɗin kai a matsayin "riba ba tare da jin zafi ba".

Ana iya tattara su kawai ta hanyar cajin kuɗi sau biyar don cin abinci na zaɓi na zaɓi, ko kuma ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙulla dangantaka tare da irin kamfanonin inshora waɗanda ke ba LCCs damar tattara duk lokacin da fasinja ya sayi inshorar balaguro tare da tikitin su.

LCC majagaba AirAsia kwanan nan ya kafa sabis na kuɗi na musamman da sashin aminci don yin amfani da yuwuwar haɗawa da bankuna da otal don ba da katunan kuɗi na haɗin gwiwa, ƙimar ɗakin otal na musamman da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi balaguro. "Ta haka ne muke samun kudaden shiga da kuma kula da aminci daga tasoshinmu," in ji shugaban sashen AirAsia Johan Aris Ibrahim.

Sabbin iyakokin iska
Kungiyar sufurin jiragen sama ta kasa da kasa (IATA), wata kungiyar masana'antu, ta ce a taron sufurin jiragen sama na baya-bayan nan da aka yi a Singapore cewa yankin Asiya da tekun Pasifik ya mamaye Arewacin Amurka a matsayin kasuwar tafiye-tafiye mafi girma a duniya, tare da fasinjoji miliyan 647 a shekarar 2009. Hakan ya dan kadan. fiye da mutane miliyan 638 da suka tashi a jiragen kasuwanci a bara a Arewacin Amurka.

Babbar kasuwar Asiya ita ce kasar Sin, amma yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya shi ma yana da babbar fa'ida tare da hadakar kasuwar sa ta mutane miliyan 600. Manazarta masana'antu sun lura cewa, kaso mai yawa na al'ummar yankin har yanzu ba su yi tafiya a cikin jirgin sama ba kuma a farashin da ake yi a halin yanzu ba za su taba samun damar zama a kan jirgin sama mai cikakken hidima ba.

Wannan yanki ɗaya ne wanda ba a iya amfani da shi na kasuwa wanda shugabannin LCC ke da'awar yana da yuwuwar haɓaka girma, musamman idan kuɗin shiga na kowane ɗan yanki ya tashi kamar yadda aka yi hasashe. Lokacin da kamfanin AirAsia na Malaysia ya fara balaguron kasafin kuɗin yankin a shekara ta 2001, kashi 6% na 'yan Malaysia ne kawai suka tashi a jirgin sama. Ƙarƙashin taken "Yanzu kowa na iya tashi" tallan tallace-tallace, dillalan kasafin kuɗi na yawan bayar da farashin tikiti ƙasa da wasu farashin bas.

"Tabbas LCCs sun canza yadda mutane ke tafiya," in ji Kris Lim, mataimakin darektan cibiyar dabarun leken asiri ta kungiyar tafiye-tafiye ta Pacific Asia a Bangkok. "Suna ba da damar tafiye-tafiye don ƙarin matasa masu ƙarancin kasafin tafiye-tafiye ko kuma kawai masu karamin karfi waɗanda ba za su iya biyan kuɗin jigilar masu cikakken sabis ba."

Rushewar sararin samaniyar kudu maso gabashin Asiya na baya-bayan nan ya bude masana'antar zuwa gasa ta gaskiya bayan shekaru da dama na hada baki daya tsakanin masu dakon tuta na kasa. Misalin hanyar Malaysia-Singapore, ba da jimawa ba aka bude gasa bayan kamfanin SIA da Malaysia Airlines sun mamaye hanyar sama da shekaru 35.

Halin Duopolistic ya haifar da ɗayan hanyoyin mafi tsada a duniya don jirgin na mintuna 55, tare da farashin tikiti akai-akai sama da dalar Amurka 400. LCCs yanzu suna ba da farashin farashi na kwata wannan adadin kuma tare da mitoci mafi girma. AirAsia yana tafiya tsakanin Kuala Lumpur da Singapore kusan sau tara kowace rana.

Ana ci gaba da samun sassaucin ra'ayi na kasuwa ta hanyar kudu maso gabashin Asiya wanda ake kira Open Sky Agreement, wanda zai fara aiki sosai nan da 2015 kuma ana sa ran zai amfana da LCCs na yankin. Yarjejeniyar za ta ba da damar jigilar jiragen saman yankin damar yin jigilar jiragen sama mara iyaka zuwa dukkan mambobin kungiyar 10 na kudu maso gabashin Asiya (ASEAN) da kuma yin alkawarin bunkasa yawon shakatawa na yankuna, kasuwanci da saka hannun jari tsakanin kasashe mambobin - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar , Philippines, Singapore, Thailand da Vietnam.

Yayin da aiwatar da yarjejeniyar ba shakka ba za ta ci karo da gunaguni na masu ba da kariya ba, manazarta masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa yanayin da ake amfani da shi wajen kawar da tsarin yana kan hanya. Ministan Sufuri na Singapore Raymond Lim a wannan watan ya yi kira da a samar da filin wasa mai inganci ga kamfanonin jiragen sama na yankin. "Gwamnatin 'yanci kuma zai haifar da kyakkyawan fata na ci gaban tattalin arziki a ko'ina," in ji shi.

Ko babban buɗaɗɗen zai haifar da ƙarin masu shiga kasuwannin jiragen sama har yanzu ba a sani ba, idan aka yi la'akari da arziƙin manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa. Wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan daga Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Asiya da ke da tushen Sydney ya annabta haɓaka masana'antu a nan gaba tsakanin ƙananan 'yan wasa, waɗanda yawancinsu ke hasashen za a tilasta su haɗuwa ko rufe yayin da gasar ta yi zafi.

"Tsarin jiragen sama masana'antu ne mai matukar fa'ida kuma, ba kamar a fannin banki ba, haɗuwa ko haɗin gwiwa tsakanin LCCs koyaushe abu ne mai yuwuwa saboda gasa ta yanke," in ji Ng Sem Guan, wani manazarci a jirgin sama a binciken OSK na Kuala Lumpur.

A yanzu haka, yawancin LCCs suna yin yunƙuri don jawo hankalin masu siye, gami da matafiya masu biyan kuɗi na kasuwanci, nesa da takwarorinsu masu tsadar kuɗi. Ta wannan hanyar, Chong Pit Lian, babban jami'in zartarwa na Jetstar Asia, ya yunƙura cewa farashi mai rahusa na LCCs yana nufin matafiya na kamfanoni za su iya tashi akai-akai don saduwa da abokan hulɗar su na duniya tare da tura ƙananan ma'aikata don ƙarin horo da wasu dalilai na fallasa.

Har ila yau wasu suna yin yunƙurin shiga cikin keɓancewar yanki na tafiye-tafiye masu nisa sau ɗaya, gami da tashin jirage daga Asiya zuwa Turai a farashi mai ƙanƙanci da ba a taɓa gani ba. A shekarar da ta gabata, kamfanin AirAsia X na Malaysia ya bullo da hanyoyin tafiya mai nisa daga yankin zuwa Landan kan wani kaso na abin da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke karba.

Idan, kamar yadda ake tsammani, sauran LCCs sun bi sahun AirAsia X na dogon lokaci, karuwar gasar za ta kara yin wahala ga masu ba da bashi da ke yin asara a yankin, don yin hasarar kasa, in ji manazarta masana'antu.

"A koyaushe za a sami kasuwa don dillalai masu ƙima ga matafiya waɗanda ke da niyyar fitar da ƙarin don ingantattun kayayyaki da ayyuka," in ji manazarta Ng. "Amma a karshen ranar rayuwar kamfanonin jiragen sama zai dogara ne akan sarrafa ma'auni."