Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi kiyasin cewa tun daga shekarar 2030, sama da mutane miliyan za su mutu a kowace shekara daga cutar kansar hanta. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Farfesa Adrian Krainer, tsohon postdoc Wai Kit Ma, da Dillon Voss, Jami'ar Stony Brook MD-Ph.D. dalibi-in-mazauni a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Krainer, sun fito da wata hanya ta tsoma baki tare da hanyar makamashi da ke ba da damar wannan ciwon daji ya girma da yaduwa. Kwanan nan sun buga aikin su, wanda shine haɗin gwiwa tare da Ionis Pharmaceuticals, a cikin mujallar Cancer Research.
Masana kimiyya na CSHL sun yi amfani da maganin antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), wadanda ke hade da tsarin kwayoyin halittar da ke daure ga RNA kuma suna canza yadda kwayoyin halitta ke gina sunadarai. Wadannan kwayoyin suna canza enzyme da kwayoyin cutar kansar hanta ke amfani da su daga nau'in furotin pyruvate kinase (PKM2), wanda yawanci ana bayyana shi a cikin kwayoyin mahaifa da ciwon daji, zuwa wani nau'i na furotin kinase (PKM1), wanda ke inganta halayen ƙwayar cuta. Canza aikin wannan sunadaran yana shafar yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke amfani da abubuwan gina jiki, wanda zai iya iyakance haɓakarsu. Kamar yadda Krainer ya bayyana, "Abin da ke da mahimmanci game da tsarinmu shine muna yin abubuwa biyu a lokaci guda: muna juya PKM2 da haɓaka PKM1. Kuma muna tunanin duka waɗannan suna da mahimmanci. "
ASOs suna da alƙawarin kamuwa da wannan nau'in ciwon daji saboda bayan an yi musu allura a ƙarƙashin fata, jiki zai tura su kai tsaye zuwa hanta. Za a hana kansar hanta girma da yaduwa zuwa wasu gabobin. Masu binciken sun ga raguwar ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen daji a cikin nau'ikan linzamin kwamfuta guda biyu da suka yi nazari. Wannan binciken ya gina bincike a baya a dakin binciken Krainer inda suka canza PKM2 zuwa PKM1 a cikin kwayoyin halitta daga wani nau'in ciwon daji na kwakwalwa da ake kira glioblastoma.
Wannan dabarun kuma yana da wani fa'ida, kamar yadda ƙwayoyin hanta lafiya ba sa yin RNA iri ɗaya da ASOs za su yi niyya a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansar hanta. Wannan yana rage yuwuwar kowane tasirin da ba a kai ba. Voss ya ce, "Yin samun damar isar da wannan maganin kai tsaye ga hanta, ba tare da yin tasiri ga ƙwayoyin hanta na al'ada ba, zai iya samar da mafi inganci, zaɓi mafi aminci don magance ciwon hanta a nan gaba."
Krainer, wanda ke aiki tare da antisense oligonucleotides a cikin wasu cututtuka da suka hada da cystic fibrosis da atrophy na muscular na kashin baya, yana shirin ci gaba da amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin warkewa don nemo hanyoyin magance ciwon hanta. Daga cikin wasu tambayoyi, masu binciken suna fatan gano ko kwayoyin RNA zasu iya taimakawa wajen ƙunshi metastases na ciwon daji zuwa hanta daga wasu gabobin.
ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- These molecules switch the enzyme that liver cancer cells use from one type of pyruvate kinase protein (PKM2), which is normally expressed in embryonic and cancer cells, to another form of pyruvate kinase protein (PKM1), which enhances tumor-suppressing behavior.
- This study builds on earlier research in Krainer’s lab in which they switched PKM2 to PKM1 in cultured cells from an aggressive type of brain cancer called glioblastoma.
- Among other questions, the researchers hope to explore whether the RNA molecules can help contain the metastases of cancer to the liver from other organs.
