Kamfanonin jiragen sama na Mideast: Suna isa sararin sama

DUBAI, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa - Sheikdoman larabawa masu sha'awar samun manyan bayanai na kasa da kasa na kara zage damtse a gasar sufurin jiragen sama duk da tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin duniya.

A ranar Litinin, babban birnin kasar Dubai na shirin kaddamar da kamfanin jirgin sama na biyu da gwamnati ke gudanarwa - jirgin na uku mafi girma a cikin shekaru goma da ya tashi daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kasa mai kasa da 'yan kasa miliyan daya. Sabon jirgin sama mai rahusa zai dauki nauyin matafiya a kasafin kudi a yankin da aka fi sani da wadata fiye da ciniki.

Ba kamar sauran takwarorinsu na sauran wurare ba, sauran kamfanonin jiragen saman Gulf na Farisa sun yi alƙawarin manne wa jadawalin isar da jirgi, yayin da abokan cinikinsu masu zurfafar aljihu ke ci gaba da faɗaɗa filin jirgin sama. Shugaban wani kamfanin dillalan jiragen ruwa na yankin Gulf ya ma yi tsokaci kan wani odar karbar kanun labarai a bikin baje kolin jiragen sama na Paris mai zuwa.

Hawan sararin samaniya na nuni da yunkurin da kasashen yankin Gulf ke yi na mayar da kan su suna fiye da sarakuna masu arzikin mai. Misali Qatar tana rikidewa zuwa cibiyar bincike saboda arzikin iskar gas da take da shi, yayin da Abu Dhabi ke da burin zama babban birnin al'adu a bayan kudin man fetur.

Amma damuwa na karuwa - musamman yanzu da tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin duniya ya durkusar da bukatar doguwar tafiya da tafiye-tafiye ta sama. Wasu manazarta suna mamakin ko kamfanonin jiragen saman yankin suna cika jiragensu da sauri da jirage masu yawa, kamar yadda masu ƙwazo a Dubai suka yi tseren gina wasu katafaren gidaje na alfarma waɗanda a yanzu babu kowa.

"Rashin ci gaba da ci gaban gine-gine da ayyuka, da gaske ba kwa buƙatar duk waɗannan kujerun," in ji Bob Mann, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin sufurin jirgin sama mai zaman kansa. "Yana da adadin haɓaka iya aiki shine tambayar."

Fadada saurin da ake yi na sake fasalin hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duniya: Yanzu yana da sauƙin tashi daga Houston zuwa Dubai ko babban birnin Qatar Doha fiye da Rome ko Beijing. Dillalan jiragen ruwa na Gulf, waɗanda galibi suna alfahari da sabis na jirgin sama masu karimci fiye da masu fafatawa na Yamma, suna jin daɗin haɓaka kasuwancin har ma da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ke faɗuwa a ko'ina.

Kungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta kasa da kasa ta ce bukatar da ake samu a yankin ya karu da kashi 11.2 cikin dari a watan Afrilu, wanda ya kara samun nasara a jere.

Har yanzu, ƙungiyar ciniki tana tsammanin masu jigilar kayayyaki na Gabas ta Tsakiya za su yi hasarar dala miliyan 900 a wannan shekara yayin da ci gaban zirga-zirgar ya mamaye ta ta hanyar haɓaka mafi girma. A zahiri, yankin yana samun rabon kasuwa amma yana tashi da jirage marasa amfani.

"A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wannan ɗan rashin daidaituwa ne," in ji Mann.

Takin faɗaɗa ya kasance abin mamaki, ga kamfanonin jiragen sama da masu samar da su. Kudaden mai na yankin Gulf sun kara dubun-dubatar biliyoyin ga littattafan odar Boeing Co. da Airbus, suna taimakawa wajen adana dubunnan ayyukan Amurka da Turai na tsawon shekaru.

Daga cikin masu jigilar kayayyaki, Emirates ta Dubai, shugaban kasuwa, ya haɓaka cikin ƙasa da shekaru 25 daga kamfanin jirgin sama mai ƙanƙantar da kai zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasinja na duniya da jigilar kaya. Yanzu haka tana aiki da jirage sama da 130 da ke tashi zuwa nahiyoyi shida, dauke da fasinjoji da yawa a kasashen waje fiye da kowane jirgin Amurka in ban da American Airlines.

Sabbin jirage suna zuwa a matsakaita kowane mako uku zuwa hudu, daga cikinsu akwai wasu daga cikin 58 mai hawa biyu na Airbus A380s Emirates da ya ba da oda - mafi yawan kamfanonin jirgin sama a ko'ina.

Kamfanin jigilar kaya yana amfani da garinsu na Dubai, wanda ke da ɗanɗano mai na kansa, a matsayin cibiyar duniya da ke haɗa gabas da yamma da arewa da kudu - kamar filin jirgin ƙasa na Chicago da filayen saukar jiragen sama sun mayar da wannan birni zuwa makka na jigilar Amurka.

Kwanan nan Emirates ta buga abin da ta ce ita ce shekarar riba ta 21st madaidaiciya - duk da cewa abin da aka samu ya yi kasa da kashi 71 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.

Filin jirgin saman Dubai na biyu, wanda aka tsara zai zama mafi yawan jama'a a duniya, zai karɓi tashinsa na farko a shekara mai zuwa - kamar yadda fadada filin jirgin sama na farko ke gaba.

Nasarar ta haifar da gasa, tare da masu jigilar kayayyaki da yawa a yanzu suna ta shawagi iri ɗaya a sararin samaniyar Iran da Iraki. Matsalolin na iya taimakawa rage farashin, amma kuma yana haifar da kwafin da ba dole ba, in ji manazarta.

Karamar Qatar tana hanzarta haɓaka jigilar jigilar kayayyaki ta ƙasa, Qatar Airways, wanda ke tashi zuwa birane sama da 80. Har ila yau, yana gina sabon filin jirgin sama a kan ƙasar da aka kwato tare da bakin tekun mai ruwan shuɗi mai kristal.

"Wa ya gaya maka kasuwa ce mai wahala a gare mu?" Shugaban Qatar Airways, Akbar al-Baker, ya fada a baya-bayan nan bayan bayyana shirin akalla rabin dozin sabbin hanyoyi a cikin watanni masu zuwa.

Al-Baker ya ce kamfanin yana shirin yin "karin sanarwa" a Nunin Jirgin Sama na Paris a watan Yuni, yana mai ba da shawarar cewa zai iya karawa da tsare-tsare na jiragen sama sama da 200 na sama da dala biliyan 40 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

A cikin bayan gida na Emirates, sheikdom da ke makwabtaka da Abu Dhabi yana fitar da dimbin arzikin mai zuwa Etihad Airways - wanda a fili ya kira "kamfanin jiragen sama na kasa" na jihohi bakwai. Jirgin mai shekaru shida ya yi taguwar ruwa a bara tare da yin odar jirage akalla 100. Kwanan nan ta ba da sanarwar sake fasalin dala miliyan 70 na ɗakunanta na matakin farko.

Sheik Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, shugaban Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kuma babban jami'in zartarwa, ya ce yana ganin kadan dalilin damuwa game da samun abokan hamayya da yawa masu samun kudin shiga da ke tafiya cikin sauri ko kuma jigilar jirgin.

"Gasar za ta kasance koyaushe, a cikin lokuta masu kyau da kuma lokacin mara kyau," in ji shi a cikin wata hira da aka yi kwanan nan.

Amma wasu tsoffin ma'aikatan masana'antu suna da shakku.

Stelios Haji-Ioannou, wanda ya kafa kamfanin na EasyJet mai rangwamen rangwame a Turai, ya ce "Abin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu dan kadan ne." "Gaskiyar cewa ƙaramin ƙaramin birni kamar Dubai… na iya tabbatar da girman kamfanin jirgin sama da ɗan ƙaramin haɗari."

"Matsalar kamfanin jirgin sama na ci gaba da magana irin wannan shine kuna fafatawa da duk sauran kamfanonin jiragen sama na duniya," in ji shi.

Kamfanonin jiragen ruwa na Gulf ba su tsira daga koma bayan tattalin arziki ba, tabbas.

Emirates ta maye gurbin jiragenta guda biyu na Airbus A380 "superjumbo" a kan babbar hanyar New York-Dubai tare da ƙananan jirage kasa da watanni takwas bayan fara sabis saboda ƙarancin buƙata. Har ila yau, ta fara ba da hutun da ba a biya ba ga wasu daga cikin ma'aikatanta 48,000 don rage farashin, kuma ta ce hasashen tattalin arziki na shekara mai zuwa "ba ta inganta ba."

Kamfanin Qatar Airways yana jan wasu filaye na gaban jirgin sama daga wasu jiragensa tare da maye gurbinsu da kujerun koci, yayin da Etihad ke ba da rangwamen farashin tallace-tallace zuwa wasu wurare. Kwanan nan ana siyar da jirage na dawowa tsakanin Abu Dhabi da London kan dala $195 kafin haraji da kudade.

Shugaban Etihad James Hogan ya takaita kalubalen masana'antar a farkon wannan watan. Cike kujerun "ba batun bane," in ji shi. "Batun shine yawan amfanin ƙasa," ko nawa kuɗin da kowane fasinja ke kawowa.

Duk da haka, kasashen Gulf suna ci gaba.

Dubai za ta kaddamar da sabon jirginsa na FlyDubai, wanda zai rika zirga-zirga a kullum zuwa Lebanon da Jordan a wannan makon. Za a ƙara sabis ga Siriya da Masar daga baya. Kamfanin jirgin dai zai fafata ne ba kawai da masu jigilar kayayyaki ba, har ma da Air Arabia, wani kamfanin jirgin sama na kasafin kudin da ke aiki daga masarautar Dubai da ke makwabtaka da Sharjah.

Duk masu rangwame suna da manyan tsare-tsare. FlyDubai tana da wasu sabbin jiragen Boeing 50 guda 737 da aka yi wa rajista akan kusan dala biliyan 4 a farashin jeri.

Kuma Air Arabia a karshen shekarar da ta gabata ya ba da umarnin karin Airbus A10s guda 320 - sama da odar da ta gabata na 34 na jirage masu tafiya guda daya. Kazalika ya bude cibiya ta biyu a Maroko a watan Afrilu, tare da sanya ido kan kasuwar Turai.