Wanda ake zargi (Un) wanda aka saba gani na Bat-asalin Novel Coronavirus

A binciken kwanan nan ya gano da sabon coronavirus da ke da alhakin barkewar cutar huhu a lardin Hubei na kasar Sin- kwayar cutar asalin jemage tana da alaƙa da sauran sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta na coronaviruses

The 2019 novel coronavirus (CoV) yana haifar da cutar huhu wanda ya yi sanadiyar rayuka sama da 1300, tare da fiye da 52000 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar ta hanyar Fabrairu 13, 2020, duk a cikin tsawon fiye da wata guda. Amma, menene wannan kwayar cutar? Shin sabuwar kwayar cuta ce gaba daya? Daga ina ya fito? Masana kimiyya daga manyan cibiyoyin bincike a kasar Sin sun hada kai don amsa wadannan tambayoyi, kuma an buga wannan binciken na farko a cikin Labaran Kiwon lafiya na kasar Sin.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFKWluuMdgs

A farkon watan Disamba, wasu mutane kalilan a birnin Wuhan na lardin Hubei na kasar Sin sun fara rashin lafiya bayan sun je kasuwar cin abincin teku. Sun fuskanci alamu kamar tari, zazzabi, da ƙarancin numfashi, har ma da rikice-rikice masu alaƙa da matsanancin damuwa na numfashi (ARDS). Binciken da aka gano nan da nan shine ciwon huhu, amma ba a bayyana ainihin dalilin ba. Me ya jawo wannan sabuwar barkewar? Shin yana da matsanancin ciwo na numfashi (SARS) -CoV? Shin cutar numfashi ta Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS) -CoV? Kamar yadda ya fito, masana kimiyya sun gudanar da wani bincike don gano wannan kwayar cutar a watan Disamba bayan da suka yi nazari kan cutar ta farko. An buga wannan binciken a yanzu Labaran Kiwon lafiya na kasar Sin kuma an tabbatar da asalin kwayar cutar - sabuwar kwayar cuta ce gaba daya, wacce ke da alaka da jemage na SARS-kamar CoV. Dr. Jianwei Wang (Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta kasar Sin, Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halittar Halittu), babban mai bincike kan binciken, ya ce, "Takardarmu ta tabbatar da ainihin asalin CoV na bat wanda ba a san shi ba har yanzu."

A cikin wannan binciken, masana kimiyya daga mashahuran cibiyoyin bincike a kasar Sin, kamar Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta kasar Sin, Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halittar Halittar Halittar Halittar Halitta, da Asibitin Abota na Sin da Japan, da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Peking Union, tare da hadin gwiwa sun gano tare da gano sabon CoV-babban laifin Barkewar Wuhan - ta jerin tsararraki masu zuwa (NGS). Sun mai da hankali kan marasa lafiya biyar da aka kwantar a Asibitin Jin Yin-tan da ke Wuhan, wadanda yawancinsu ma’aikata ne a Kasuwar Abinci ta Huanan da ke Wuhan. Wadannan majinyatan suna da zazzabi mai zafi, tari, da sauran alamomi, kuma da farko an gano cewa suna da ciwon huhu, amma ba a san dalili ba. Wasu yanayin marasa lafiya da sauri ya tsananta zuwa ARDS; daya ma ya mutu. Dr Wang ya ce "Hoton hoton ƙirji na majiyyatan ya nuna wasu gaɓoɓin ɓoyayyiya da haɓakawa, waɗanda ke kama da ciwon huhu. Duk da haka, muna so mu gano abin da ya haifar da ciwon huhu, kuma gwaje-gwajen da muka yi a baya sun nuna ainihin dalilin.- sabon CoV wanda ba a san shi ba a da."

Don binciken, masanan kimiyya sun yi amfani da samfuran ruwa na bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) da aka ɗauka daga marasa lafiya (BAL hanya ce ta hanyar da bakararre ruwa ke canjawa zuwa huhu ta hanyar bronchoscope sannan a tattara don bincike).

Na farko, masanan kimiyya sun yi ƙoƙarin gano ƙwayar cutar ta hanyar tsarin kwayoyin halitta, ta amfani da fasahar NGS. NGS ita ce hanyar da aka fi so don gano cututtukan cututtukan da ba a sani ba saboda yana ganowa da sauri kuma yana fitar da duk sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin samfurin. Dangane da jeri na DNA/RNA daga samfuran ruwa na BAL, masanan kimiyya sun gano cewa yawancin abubuwan karantawa na dangin CoV ne. Masanan kimiyyar sun tattara nau'ikan "karantawa" daban-daban na CoVs kuma sun gina jerin jerin kwayoyin halitta don sabuwar kwayar cutar; wadannan jerin sun kasance 99.8-99.9% iri ɗaya a cikin dukkanin samfuran marasa lafiya, yana tabbatar da cewa wannan kwayar cutar ita ce ƙwayar cuta ta kowa a cikin dukan marasa lafiya. Bugu da ari, ta yin amfani da nazarin homology, inda aka kwatanta jerin kwayoyin halitta da sauran sanannun jerin kwayoyin halitta (tare da saiti na 90% don a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin "sabon"), sun tabbatar da cewa jerin kwayoyin halitta na wannan sabuwar kwayar cutar shine 79.0% kama da SARS-CoV, kusan 51.8% kama da MERS-CoV, da kuma kusan 87.6-87.7% kama da sauran SARS-kamar CoVs na kasar Sin jemagu na doki (wanda ake kira ZC45 da ZXC21). Binciken phylogenetic ya nuna cewa jerin nau'ikan nau'ikan CoV guda biyar da aka samu sun kasance mafi kusanci da na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan jemagu, amma sun kafa rassa daban-daban na juyin halitta. Wadannan binciken sun nuna a fili cewa kwayar cutar ta samo asali ne daga jemagu. Dr Wang ya ce "Saboda kamancen kwayar halittar kwafin kwayar cuta tare da duk wasu sanannun ƙwayoyin cuta “irin su” har yanzu suna ƙasa da 90%, kuma tare da la’akari da sakamakon nazarin halittu, muna la’akari da cewa wannan haƙiƙa sabon abu ne, wanda ba a san shi ba a baya CoV. Ana kiran wannan sabuwar ƙwayar cuta ta 2019 na ɗan lokaci-ncov."

A ƙarshe, masanan kimiyya sun koma "warewa" ƙwayar cuta daga samfuran ruwan BAL ta hanyar bincika ko samfuran ruwan sun nuna tasirin cytopathic zuwa layin salula a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Kwayoyin da aka fallasa ga samfuran ruwan an lura da su a ƙarƙashin na'urar microscope na lantarki, kuma masanan kimiyyar sun sami sifofi masu kama da CoV. Har ila yau, sun yi amfani da immunofluorescence-dabarun da ke amfani da takamaiman ƙwayoyin rigakafi mai suna tare da rini mai kyalli. Don haka, sun yi amfani da magani daga majinyata masu murmurewa (waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin rigakafi), waɗanda ke amsawa tare da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sel; wannan ya tabbatar da cewa lallai wannan kwayar cutar ita ce sanadin kamuwa da cutar.

Wannan binciken ya share fagen nazari na gaba don fahimtar kwayar cutar da madogararsa da kyau, musamman idan aka yi la’akari da saurin yaduwa, da karfinsa na haifar da cutar ARDS, da firgicin da barkewar cutar ke haifarwa. Duk da cewa 4 daga cikin majinyata 5 da aka gano cutar daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga kasuwar abincin teku a Wuhan, ba a san ainihin asalin cutar ba. Ana iya yada CoV ga mutane ta hanyar jigilar "matsakaici", kamar na SARS-CoV (naman dabino) ko MERS-CoV (rakumi). Dr Wang ya kammala cewa, "Duk CoVs na ɗan adam zoonotic ne, kuma CoVs na ɗan adam da yawa sun samo asali daga jemagu, gami da SARS- da MERS-CoVs. Bincikenmu yana nuna a sarari buƙatar gaggawar sa ido akai-akai game da watsa CoVs na asalin jemagu ga mutane. Bayyanar wannan kwayar cutar babbar barazana ce ga lafiyar jama'a, don haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci tushen wannan kwayar cutar tare da yanke shawarar matakai na gaba kafin mu ga barkewar babban sikelin.. "