Amurkawa miliyan arba'in da biyar a halin yanzu ba su da inshora kuma kudaden kiwon lafiya a Amurka suna karuwa da sauri fiye da albashi da hauhawar farashi. Duk da kashe kudi fiye da kowace ƙasa mai ci gaban masana'antu, a shekara ta 2000 Amurka ta kasance ta 37 a cikin kimantawar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya game da tsarin kiwon lafiya a duniya. Gyaran lafiyar cikin gida ya kasance babban batu a yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Amurka na 2008, duk da haka karuwar yawan Amurkawa da masu ba da inshora suna juyowa ga mafita na kasa da kasa.
Kimanin Amurkawa 750,000 ne suka yi balaguro zuwa ketare don neman magani a shekarar 2007, kuma adadin wadanda ake kira masu yawon bude ido na likitanci zai iya karuwa zuwa fiye da miliyan 15 a cikin 2017. A shekarun da suka gabata, masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta likitanci ta mamaye hanyoyin kwaskwarima da na hakori. A yau komai daga maye gurbin gwiwa zuwa babban tiyatar zuciya ana iya samun shi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa inda cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya ke ba da ingantaccen magani tare da ƙarancin farashi da gajeriyar lokacin jira fiye da na Amurka.
Canjin canjin zuciya da aka saka akan $200,000 ko sama da haka a asibitin Amurka na iya kashe $10,000 a Indiya, a cewar Jami’ar Delaware, gami da kudin jirgi da fakitin hutu bayan tiyata. Matsakaicin tanadi a Thailand kusan kashi 70 ne idan aka kwatanta da Amurka, kuma tsakanin kashi 50 zuwa 75 a Latin Amurka.
Asibitin Bumrungrad na Thailand ya kula da marasa lafiya na duniya 400,000 a cikin 2007, ciki har da Amurkawa 65,000. Godiya ga karuwar marasa lafiya na kasashen waje, an yi hasashen cewa jimlar kudaden shiga na asibitin na 2008 zai haura dala miliyan 618.
Gabaɗaya illolin yawon shakatawa na likitanci sun haɗu. A daya hannun kuma, masana'antar za ta iya bunkasa jimillar kayayyakin cikin gida na kasashe masu tasowa da zuba jari a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Haɓaka a asibitocin ƙasa kuma yana haifar da raguwar magudanar kwakwalwa daga waje, yayin da manyan likitoci ke samun ayyukan yi a cikin gida maimakon barin aiki a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba.
Wani bincike da kungiyar hadin gwiwar masana'antu ta Indiya ta yi ya yi hasashen cewa nan da shekara ta 2012 masana'antun yawon shakatawa na likitanci za su iya kara dala biliyan 2.3 zuwa GDP na shekara-shekara na kasar. Shugaban asibitocin Wockhardt na Indiya da ke kula da ‘yan kasashen waje, ya ba da rahoton wasu likitocin Indiya guda biyu da suka dawo daga Amurka da Biritaniya don yin aiki a wuraren sa.
A yawancin lokuta, duk da haka, yawon shakatawa na likitanci yana barazanar dagula rashin daidaiton samun ingantaccen kiwon lafiya a kasashe masu tasowa. Duk da arha a mafi yawan ƙasashen yamma, asibitoci masu zaman kansu da ke kula da baƙi ba sa isa ga yawancin jama'a, kuma kudaden shigar da suke kawowa ba kasafai suke kaiwa ga jama'a ba. A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2006 da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta fitar, kasa da kashi 4 cikin XNUMX na jimillar kudaden da gwamnatin Indiya ta kashe a shekarun baya-bayan nan ya shafi kiwon lafiya.
Sau da yawa ana maye gurbin magudanar ƙwaƙwalwa ta waje da magudanar ƙwaƙwalwa na ciki, yayin da likitoci ke barin cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar jama'a don yin aiki a asibitoci masu zaman kansu. A bara NPR ta ba da rahoton karancin likitocin Thai a asibitin gwamnati na babban birnin saboda karin albashin da ake bayarwa a Bumrungrad.
Wasu likitocin, duk da haka, sun raba lokacinsu tsakanin cibiyoyin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don daidaita hidimar jama'a tare da samun isassun kudaden shiga don tallafawa iyalansu. Wani edita a jaridar The Nation, wata jaridar kasuwanci ta Bangkok, ta bayar da misali da inganta harkokin yawon shakatawa na likitanci a matsayin wani abu da ya janyo kasa cika burin kasar na samar da likita daya a cikin 'yan kasar 1,800.
An kwatanta halin da ake ciki a Cuba a matsayin "wariyar wariyar launin fata." Babban ingancin magani da ake samu ga baki da kuma manyan mutanen Cuba an hana su iyaka ga yawancin al'ummar ƙasar waɗanda ba za su iya biyan kuɗin kiwon lafiya a cikin dala ba. Dangane da hirarraki da 'yan kasar Cuba, jaridar National Post ta Kanada ta ba da rahoton cewa samun damar samun magunguna na yau da kullun yana da iyaka, ko dai ana siyar da shi da daloli ko kuma an iyakance shi ga kasuwar baƙar fata.
Wasu ƙasashe suna mayar da martani ga wannan matsala ta lafiyar jama'a. An bukaci asibitoci masu zaman kansu a Philippines da su dauki karin majinyatan agaji na gida. Sakatariyar lafiya ta Indiya Naresh Dayal ta ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata asibitoci masu zaman kansu su ba marasa lafiya jinya kyauta yayin da kudaden shiga ke karuwa. Wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa Indiya ta sanya haraji ga asibitoci masu zaman kansu da ake ba da tallafi don tallafawa ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a.
Ya zuwa yanzu saitin mafi kyawun ayyuka kan daidaita yawon shakatawa na likitanci tare da inganta lafiyar jama'a har yanzu ba su shiga cikin yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ko hanyoyin tabbatar da asibiti ba.
Duk da haka, manyan tanadin farashi da ke da alaƙa da yawon shakatawa na likitanci yana jawo ƙarin marasa lafiya da kamfanonin inshora na kiwon lafiya fiye da kowane lokaci. Blue Cross & Blue Shield na South Carolina yanzu yana biyan kuɗin balaguro daga Amurka zuwa Thailand don majinyata waɗanda suka zaɓi a yi musu magani a Bumrungrad.
An gabatar da doka a West Virginia da za ta ba da kwarin gwiwa ga ma'aikatan jihar da ke fita waje neman magani. Dangane da Makon Kasuwanci, ƙarin masu inshorar za su ba da zaɓi na ketare ga masu riƙe manufofin su a cikin shekaru biyar zuwa goma masu zuwa.
Yawon shakatawa na likitanci ba madadin gagarumin garambawul ne na masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta Amurka ba. Baya ga illar da ke tattare da kiwon lafiyar jama'a a ketare-da kuma illar muhallin balaguron balaguro da ke da nasaba da masana'antu—ba a yi hasashen cewa yawon shakatawa na likitanci zai rage yawan kudaden da ake kashewa a fannin kiwon lafiyar kasar da fiye da kashi 1 zuwa 2 cikin dari ba. Zaɓuɓɓukan ketare za su kashe ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Amurka kusan dala biliyan 16 a cikin 2008, bisa ga Cibiyar Deloitte don Maganganun Lafiya - adadi wanda zai iya tsalle zuwa dala biliyan 373 ko fiye a cikin shekaru goma.
Ta hanyar gabatar da gasa ta duniya zuwa masana'antar da aka dade ana ganin ba ta da kariya ga fitar da kayayyaki, yawon shakatawa na likitanci na iya haɓaka gaba kan gyara ɗaukar hoto, farashi, da inganci a gida.
ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- An editorial in The Nation, a Bangkok business newspaper, cites the promotion of medical tourism as a factor in the country’s failure to meet its goal of providing one doctor per 1,800 citizens.
- A heart-valve replacement priced at $200,000 or more in an American hospital can cost $10,000 in India, according to the University of Delaware, including airfare and a post-operative vacation package.
- Although relatively cheap by most Western standards, the private hospitals that treat foreigners are out of reach for the majority of people, and the revenue they bring in rarely makes its way to the public sector.
