Tsohon Terminal Sabon Otal: Otal ɗin Roosevelt da Ginin Postum

Tarihin otal: Tashar City (1911)

A sa'i daya kuma, babban injiniya William J. Wilgus shi ne ya fara fahimtar yuwuwar sayar da hakokin iska, da hakkin yin gini a saman rumbun jiragen kasa na karkashin kasa a yanzu, don raya kasa. Gine-ginen Grand Central don haka ya samar da tubalan manyan gidaje a Manhattan, wanda ya tashi daga Tituna na 42 zuwa 51 tsakanin Madison da Lexington Avenues. Kamfanin Realty and Terminal yawanci ya sami riba daga haƙƙin iska ta ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu: gina gine-gine da hayar su ko sayar da haƙƙin iska ga masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu waɗanda za su gina nasu gine-gine.

William Wilgus ya ga waɗannan haƙƙoƙin iska a matsayin hanyar bayar da kuɗin ginin tashar. Architects Reed & Stem da farko sun ba da shawarar sabon Gidan Opera na Metropolitan, Lambun Madison Square, da Cibiyar Nazarin Zane ta Ƙasa. Daga karshe, titin jirgin kasa ya yanke shawarar bunkasa yankin ya zama gundumar ofishi na kasuwanci.

An fara shirin ci gaba tun kafin a kammala tashar. A cikin 1903, Babban Titin Railroad na New York ya ƙirƙira wani abin ƙira, Kamfanin Realty and Terminal na Jihar New York, don kula da gine-gine sama da yadi na dogo na Grand Central. New Haven Railroad ya shiga harkar daga baya. Bangarorin da ke gefen arewa na tashar daga baya an yi musu lakabi da “Terminal City” ko “Grand Central Zone.”

A shekara ta 1906, labarai na shirye-shiryen Grand Central sun riga sun haɓaka ƙimar kaddarorin da ke kusa. Tare da wannan aikin, ɓangaren Park Avenue da ke sama da yadin jirgin ƙasa na Grand Central ya sami matsakaicin shimfidar wuri kuma ya jawo wasu otal-otal mafi tsada. A lokacin da aka bude tashar a 1913, tubalan da ke kewaye da shi an kiyasta su a kan dala miliyan 2 zuwa dala miliyan 3.

Ba da daɗewa ba Terminal City ya zama mafi kyawun yanki na kasuwanci da ofishi a Manhattan.

Daga 1904 zuwa 1926, ƙimar ƙasa tare da Park Avenue ninki biyu, kuma a cikin Terminal City yankin ya karu da 244%. Wani Labari na New York Times a shekara ta 1920 ya ce “haɓakar Babban Kayayyakin Ƙasa ta Tsakiya ya zarce yadda ake tsammani ta asali. Tare da otal-otal, gine-ginen ofis, gidaje da titunan karkashin kasa ba kawai tashar jirgin kasa ce mai ban mamaki ba, har ma da babbar cibiyar jama'a."

Gundumar ta zo ta haɗa da gine-ginen ofisoshi irin su Babban Fada ta Tsakiya, Ginin Chrysler, Ginin Chanin, Ginin Bankin Savings Bowery, da Ginin Dandalin Pershing; Gidajen alatu a gefen Park Avenue; jerin manyan otal-otal waɗanda suka haɗa da Commodore, Biltmore, Roosevelt, Marguery, Chatham, Barclay, Park Lane, Waldorf Astoria da Yale Club na New York.

An tsara waɗannan gine-gine a cikin salon neoclassical, wanda ya dace da gine-ginen tashar. Duk da cewa Architects Warren da Wetmore ne suka tsara mafi yawan waɗannan gine-gine, amma sun kuma lura da tsare-tsaren wasu gine-gine (kamar na James Gamble Rogers, wanda ya tsara Yale Club) don tabbatar da cewa salon sabbin gine-ginen ya dace da na Terminal City. Gabaɗaya, shirin wurin na Terminal City ya samo asali ne daga Ƙawatacciyar motsi na Birni, wanda ya ƙarfafa jituwa tsakanin gine-ginen da ke kusa. Daidaiton tsarin gine-gine, da kuma ɗimbin kuɗaɗen da masu zuba jari ke bayarwa, sun ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Terminal City.

Ginin Graybar, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1927, yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ƙarshe na Babban City.

Ginin ya ƙunshi da yawa daga cikin dandamalin jirgin ƙasa na Grand Central, da kuma Greybar Passage, hallway tare da dillalai da ƙofofin jirgin ƙasa waɗanda ke shimfiɗa daga tashar zuwa Lexington Avenue. A cikin 1929, New York Central ta gina hedkwatarta a cikin wani gini mai hawa 34, daga baya aka sake masa suna Ginin Helmsley, wanda ya ratsa Park Avenue a arewacin tashar. Ci gaba ya ragu sosai a lokacin Babban Bacin rai, kuma an rushe wani yanki na Terminal City a hankali ko kuma an sake gina shi da ƙirar ƙarfe da gilashi bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II.

Kungiyar City Club na New York, (inda na yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar daga 1979 zuwa 1990) kwanan nan ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa Hukumar Kula da Alamar Kasa ta NY tana roƙon kariyar Alamar Otal ɗin Roosevelt (George B. Post da Son 1924) da Postum Gine-gine (Cross & Cross 1923).

Otal ɗin Roosevelt otal ɗin tarihi ne dake 45 East 45th Street (tsakanin Madison Avenue da Vanderbilt Avenue) a Midtown Manhattan. Roosevelt mai suna don girmama Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt, Roosevelt ya buɗe ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1924. Ya rufe har abada a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2020.

Akwai dakuna 1,025 a cikin otal ɗin, gami da suites 52. 3,900-square-foot Presidential Suite yana da dakuna huɗu, dafa abinci, wurin zama na yau da kullun da wuraren cin abinci, da filin zagaye. An kawata dakunan ne bisa ga al'ada, tare da kayan katako na mahogany da mayafin gado masu haske.

Akwai gidajen abinci da yawa a cikin otal ɗin, ciki har da:

• "The Roosevelt Grill" yana ba da abincin Amurkawa da ƙwarewa na yanki don karin kumallo.

• "Madison Club Lounge," mashaya da falo tare da mashaya mahogany mai ƙafa 30, gilashin gilashi, da kuma murhu biyu.

• "Vander Bar," bistro tare da kayan ado na zamani, masu ba da giya masu sana'a.

Roosevelt yana da murabba'in ƙafa 30,000 na taro da kuma baje kolin sarari, gami da dakuna biyu da ƙarin ɗakunan taro guda 17 masu girma daga ƙafa 300 zuwa murabba'in 1,100.

Otal ɗin Roosevelt ɗan kasuwa na Niagara Falls Frank A. Dudley ne ya gina shi kuma Kamfanin United Hotels ne ke sarrafa shi. Kamfanin George B. Post & Son ne ya tsara otal ɗin kuma an yi hayarsa daga Kamfanin Realty and Terminal na Jihar New York, wani yanki na New York Central Railroad. Otal din, wanda aka gina kan farashin $12,000,000 (daidai da $181,212,000 a shekarar 2020), shi ne na farko da ya hada gaban shagunan maimakon sanduna a facade na gefen titi, saboda an hana na karshen saboda Hani. Otal ɗin Roosevelt a lokaci guda yana da alaƙa da Grand Central Terminal ta hanyar hanyar ƙasa wacce ta haɗa otal ɗin zuwa tashar jirgin ƙasa. Hanyar wucewa yanzu ta ƙare a gefen titi daga ƙofar otal ɗin ta Gabas 45th Street. Roosevelt ya kafa gidan dabbobin baƙo na farko da sabis na kula da yara a cikin The Teddy Bear Room kuma yana da likita na farko a gida.

Hilton

Conrad Hilton ya sayi Roosevelt a cikin 1943, yana kiransa "kyakkyawan otal mai manyan wurare" kuma ya mai da Roosevelt's Presidential Suite gidansa. A cikin 1947, Roosevelt ya zama otal na farko da ke da tashar talabijin a kowane ɗaki.

Hilton Hotels sun sayi sarkar otal na Statler a shekara ta 1954. A sakamakon haka, sun mallaki manyan otal-otal da yawa a cikin manyan biranen da yawa, kamar a New York, inda suka mallaki Roosevelt, The Plaza, The Waldorf-Astoria, New Yorker Hotel da Otal. Statler. Ba da jimawa ba, gwamnatin tarayya ta shigar da kara a kan Hilton. Don warware karar, Hilton ya amince ya sayar da wasu otal din nasu, ciki har da otal din Roosevelt, wanda aka sayar wa Otal din Otal din Amurka a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 1956, kan $2,130,000.

Pakistan Air Canada

A shekara ta 1978, otal ɗin mallakar Penn Central mai fama, wanda ya sanya shi siyarwa, tare da wasu otal guda biyu na kusa, The Biltmore da The Barclay. An sayar da otal din uku ga Kamfanin Loews kan dala miliyan 55. Nan da nan Loews ya sake sayar da Roosevelt ga mai haɓaka Paul Milstein akan dala miliyan 30.

A cikin 1979, Milstein ya ba da hayar otal ɗin ga Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Pakistan tare da zaɓi don siyan ginin bayan shekaru 20 akan farashin dala miliyan 36.5. Yarima Faisal bin Khalid Abdulaziz Al Saud na Saudiyya yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka saka hannun jari a yarjejeniyar 1979. Otal din ya yi asarar ma'aikatansa dala miliyan 70 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, saboda abubuwan da suka wuce.

A shekara ta 2005, PIA ta sayi abokin aikinta na Saudiyya a wata yarjejeniya da ta hada da rabon yariman a Otal din otel din da ke birnin Paris, domin musayar dala miliyan 40 da kuma kason PIA na otal din Riyadh Minhal (Holiday Inn dake kan kadarorin da Yariman ya mallaka). A cikin Yuli 2007, PIA ta sanar da cewa tana sanya otal ɗin don siyarwa. Ribar da aka samu a otal din, a daidai lokacin da kamfanin jirgin da kansa ya fara yin asara mai yawa, ya sa aka yi watsi da sayar da shi. A cikin 2011, Roosevelt ya sake yin gyare-gyare mai yawa, amma ya kasance a buɗe yayin aiwatarwa.

A cikin Oktoba 2020, an ba da sanarwar otal ɗin zai rufe har abada saboda ci gaba da asarar kuɗi da ke da alaƙa da cutar ta COVID-19. Ranar ƙarshe na aiki shine Disamba 18, 2020.

Guy Lombardo ya fara jagorantar rukunin gidan na Roosevelt Grill a 1929; A nan ne Lombardo kuma ya fara gudanar da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u na shekara tare da ƙungiyarsa, The Royal Canadians.

Lawrence Welk ya fara aikinsa a Otal ɗin Roosevelt a lokacin bazara lokacin da Lombardo ya ɗauki kiɗan sa zuwa Long Island.

An busa kiɗa kai tsaye zuwa kowane ɗaki ta rediyo. Hugo Gernsback (na Hugo Award shahara) ya fara WRNY daga daki a bene na 18 na Otal ɗin Roosevelt yana watsawa kai tsaye ta hasumiya mai ƙafa 125 akan rufin.

Daga 1943 zuwa 1955 otal ɗin Roosevelt ya zama ofishin birnin New York da mazaunin Gwamna Thomas E. Dewey. Babban mazaunin Dewey shine gonarsa a Pawling, a cikin New York, amma ya yi amfani da Suite 1527 a cikin Roosevelt don gudanar da yawancin kasuwancinsa a cikin birni. A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na 1948, wanda Dewey ya yi rashin nasara ga shugaba mai ci Harry S. Truman a cikin babban tashin hankali, Dewey, danginsa, da ma'aikatansa sun saurari sake dawowar zaben a Suite 1527 na Roosevelt.

Terminal City, Otal ɗin Roosevelt da Ginin Postum sune tsakiyar New York. Yakamata a ba su nadi da kariya da wuri-wuri tunda Otal ɗin Roosevelt yana rufe kuma masu ginin Postum sun ɗauki hayar injiniya don "binciko zaɓuɓɓuka."

Stanley Turkel ne adam wata An sanya shi a matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na shekara ta 2020 ta Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi, shirin hukuma na National Trust for Adana Tarihi, wanda a baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 2015 da 2014. Turkel shi ne mashawarcin mashawarcin otal otal da aka fi yaduwa a Amurka. Yana aiki da aikin tuntuɓar otal ɗin da yake aiki a matsayin ƙwararren mashaidi a cikin al'amuran da suka shafi otal, yana ba da kula da kadara da shawarwarin ikon mallakar otal. An tabbatar dashi a matsayin Babban Mai Ba da Otal din Otal daga Cibiyar Ilimi ta Hotelasar Amurkan Hotel da Lodging Association. [email kariya] 917-628-8549

Sabon littafinsa mai suna "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" an buga shi.

Sauran Littattafan Otal da Aka Buga:

• Manyan otal -otal na Amurka: Majagaba na Masana'antar otal (2009)

• An Gina Don Ƙarshe: Otal-otal sama da 100 a New York (2011)

• An Gina Don Ƙarshe: Otal-otal 100+ Gabas na Mississippi (2013)

• Hotel Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt, Oscar na Waldorf (2014)

• Manyan otal -otal na Amurka Juzu'i na 2: Majagaba na Masana'antar otal (2016)

• An Gina Don Ƙarshe: Otal-otal 100+ Yammacin Mississippi (2017)

• Hotel Mavens Volume 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Shuka, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• Babban American Hotel Architects Volume I (2019)

• Hotel Mavens: Volume 3: Bob da Larry Tisch, Ralph Hitz, Cesar Ritz, Curt Strand

Duk waɗannan littattafan ana iya yin odarsu daga Gidan Gida ta ziyartar stanleyturkel.com  da danna sunan littafin.

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