Dokar tafiya: Lokacin da kwari suka mamaye dakunan otal

A cikin James Case, Kotun ta lura cewa "Mai gabatar da kara Michelle James ya kasance bako a Harrah's Resort Atlantic City ... bayan ita da abokinta ... an ba ta dakin hotel kyauta ta wurin Resort ... An ta da mai gabatar da kara a tsakiyar dare wani 'k'aramin kaikayi da zafi ya tarar da k'anyen gadon ' sun watse a saman gadonta' bayan ta kunna fitulun ta cire saman gadon otal d'inta.

A cikin labarin na wannan makon, mun yi nazari kan lamarin James v. Harrah's Resort Atlantic City, 2016 WL 7408845 (D.N.J. 2016) wanda ya shafi zargin da wani baƙon otal ya yi na raunin jiki da na motsin rai da kwari suka haifar. A cikin shari'ar James Kotun ta lura cewa "Mai gabatar da kara Michelle James ta yi zargin cewa ta yi kwangilar kwangilolin gado a lokacin zamanta a Harrah's Resort Atlantic City… Ainihin, mai gabatar da kara ya yi iƙirarin cewa otal ɗin ya rufe bakin aikinsa na samar wa baƙi yanayin tsaro kuma ya kasa horar da su yadda ya kamata. ma'aikata a cikin yadda ake ganowa da bayar da rahoton bututun gado, suna haifar da ciwo mai tsanani da damuwa mai dorewa. A yanzu haka a gaban Kotu akwai masu gabatar da kara na neman a cire kwararre na mai kara… da kuma karar da mai gabatar da kara na yanke hukunci na wani bangare kan wasu kararraki da batutuwan da ke cikin karar”. Duba kuma: Cerreta v. Red Roof Inns, Inc., 2016 WL 4611689 (M.D. Pa. 2016)(kwarorin gado; motsi don buƙatu na diyya da aka ƙaryata shi da wuri idan babu ganowa).

Sabunta Manufofin Ta'addanci

Dusseldorf, Jamus

A cikin mutane da dama da suka jikkata a harin gatari a tashar jirgin kasa ta Dusseldorf, etn.travel (3/9/2017) an lura da cewa "'Yan sanda a Dusseldorf sun kama akalla mutane biyu bayan wani harin gatari a tashar jirgin kasa na birnin ... Har zuwa biyar. An fahimci cewa an jikkata mutane a harin…'Sun shigo nan ne suka kai hari da gatari. Na ga abubuwa da yawa a rayuwata, amma ban taba ganin irin wannan ba. Sai kawai ya fara dukan mutane da gatari”.

Kabul, Afganistan

A Mashal & Abed, Bayan Mummunan Hari A Asibitin Kabul, 'Ko'ina Ya Cika Da Jini', nytimes.com (3/8/2017) an lura da cewa "'yan bindigar da suka yi kama da ma'aikatan lafiya sun kai farmaki babban asibitin sojoji da ke birnin Kabul a ranar Larabar da ta gabata. , inda suka kashe akalla mutane 30 tare da raunata wasu da dama a wani harin da kungiyar IS ta dauki alhakin kaiwa, wanda kuma ya nuna tabarbarewar harkokin tsaro a kasar. Sojojin Afganistan sun kwashe sa'o'i bakwai suna kokarin ficewa daga asibitin da ke cike da cunkoson jama'a tare da kawo karshen kewayen, inda suka kashe dukkan wadanda suka kai wannan mummunan harin".
Sabunta Hangogin Balaguro

Kanter, E.U. ‘Yan majalisar sun yi kira da a kawo karshen balaguron balaguron balaguro ga Amurkawa, nytimes.com (3/3/2017) an lura da cewa “Majalisar dokokin Turai ta zartar da wani kuduri mara iyaka da ke kira da a dawo da bukatu na biza ga ‘yan kasar Amurka, tare da tada tarzoma a cikin An dade ana gwabzawa kan kin amincewa da Amurka ta yi na ba wa 'yan kasashen kungiyar Tarayyar Turai XNUMX damar shiga ba tare da biza ba...'Yan majalisar dokokin Turai sun yi tir da-na-sanin a takaddamar da ke tsakaninsu da Amurka, inda suka bukaci a hana matafiya Amurkawa sai dai idan gwamnatin Trump yana ɗaga buƙatun tafiya don
'yan Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Poland da Romania.

A cikin Thrush, Sabuwar Dokar Hana Balaguro ta Trump ta toshe bakin haure daga Kasashe shida, Tattaunawar Iraki, nytimes.com (3/6/2017) an lura da cewa “Sabon odar ta ci gaba da sanya dokar hana zirga-zirga ta kwanaki 90, amma ta kawar da Iraki. Sakataren tsaro Jim Mattis ya nemi a sake shi, wanda ke fargabar hakan zai kawo cikas ga hadin kai don kayar da Daular Islama… Har ila yau, ta kebe mazauna dindindin da masu biza na yanzu, tare da yin watsi da yare da ke ba da fifiko ga tsirarun addinai da ake zalunta, wani tanadi da aka fassara a matsayin fifita sauran addinai. kungiyoyi akan musulmi. Bugu da kari, ta sauya dokar hana 'yan gudun hijira daga Syria har abada, inda ta maye gurbinsa da daskare na kwanaki 120 wanda ke bukatar bita da sabuntawa".

A cikin Denney, Haramcin Balaguro yana adawa da Alƙawarin Latsawa a Wake of New Executive Order, newyorklawjornal.com (3/6/2017) an lura cewa "Attorney Janar na New York Eric Schneiderman da sauran masu adawa da umarnin farko na gwamnatin Trump na hana tafiye-tafiye daga wasu kasashen musulmi masu rinjaye da kuma dakatar da shirin ‘yan gudun hijira na Amurka sun sha alwashin yaki da na biyu, karin takaitaccen oda da aka sanar a ranar Litinin”. Shari'ar ita ce Darweesh v. Trump, 17-cv480 (E.D.N.Y.). Duba kuma IRAP v. Trump (S.D. Md.).

A Burns, Hawaii ta kai karar hana Trump Tafiya; Kalubalen Farko na oda, nytimes.com (3/8/2017) an lura da cewa “Manufofin shugaba Trump na shige da fice sun fuskanci wasu sabbin kalubale a kotu a ranar Laraba, kamar yadda lauyan Hawaii ya yi zargin cewa Mista Trump ya saba wa kundin tsarin mulki tare da Sake sabunta umarninsa na hana tafiye-tafiye daga kasashen musulmi galibinsu. Kuma a California, lauyan birnin San Francisco ya nemi wani alkali na tarayya da ya ba da umarnin toshe wani umarni na zartarwa wanda ke barazanar janye kudade ga abin da ake kira biranen tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa ba da hadin kai ga jami'an tilasta bin doka da oda".

Hukumomin "Grayballing" na Uber

A cikin Isaac, Yadda Uber ke yaudarar hukumomi a duk duniya, nytimes.com (3/3/2017) an lura cewa "Uber ya kwashe shekaru da yawa yana yin wani shiri na duniya don yaudarar hukumomi a kasuwanni inda sabis na hailing mai rahusa ya kasance. jami'an tsaro sun bijirewa ko, a wasu lokuta, an hana su. Shirin, wanda ya haɗa da kayan aiki mai suna Greyball, yana amfani da bayanan da aka tattara daga ƙa'idar Uber da sauran dabaru don ganowa da kewaye jami'an da ke ƙoƙarin hana sabis na hailing. Uber ta yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don gujewa hukumomi a birane kamar Boston, Paris da Las Vegas, da kuma a ƙasashe kamar Australia, China da Koriya ta Kudu. Greyball wani bangare ne na wani shiri da ake kira VTOS, gajeriyar ‘cin zarafin sharuɗɗan sabis’ wanda Uber ta ƙirƙira don kawar da mutanen da ta yi tunanin suna amfani da shi ko kuma suna hari da sabis ɗin ba daidai ba. Shirin, gami da Grayball, ya fara tun farkon 2014 kuma yana ci gaba da amfani da shi, galibi a wajen Amurka. Kungiyar lauyoyin Uber ta amince da Grayball. Greyball da shirin VTOS an kwatanta su ga New York Times ta hanyar hudu na yanzu da tsoffin ma'aikatan Uber… An yi rikodin amfani da Uber na Greyball akan bidiyo a ƙarshen 2014… daga birnin, wanda daga baya ya ayyana hidimar a matsayin doka. Don gina ƙara a kan kamfanin, jami'ai kamar (Mr. X da sauransu) sun nuna a matsayin mahayi, buɗe Uber app don yabon mota da kallon ƙananan motoci akan allon suna hanyarsu zuwa farashin farashi. Amma ba a sani ba (Mr. X da sauransu)…wasu daga cikin motocin dijital da suka gani a cikin app ba su wakiltar ainihin motocin. Kuma direbobin Uber da suka sami damar yin ƙanƙara su ma sun soke cikin sauri. Hakan ya faru ne saboda Uber ya sanya alama (Mr. X da sauransu) -da gaske Greyballing su a matsayin jami'an birni bisa bayanan da aka tattara daga app da kuma ta wasu hanyoyi. Daga nan sai kamfanin ya samar da wata manhaja ta jabu, mai cike da motocin fatalwa, don gujewa kamawa. A daidai lokacin da Uber ya riga ya fara bincike kan al'adun tura iyaka na wurin aiki, amfani da kayan aikin Greyball yana nuna tsayin da kamfanin zai bi don mamaye kasuwar sa. Uber ya dade yana karya doka da ka'idoji don samun galaba a kan masu samar da sufuri, wani tsarin aiki wanda ya taimaka yada shi cikin kasashe sama da 70 da kuma kimanta kusan dala biliyan 70. "

A cikin Wakabayashi, Uber yana ganin Hana Amfani da Greyball don hana masu sarrafa, nytimes.com (3/8/2017) an lura cewa "Ma'aikatar hawan-hailing Uber ta fada a ranar Laraba cewa za ta hana ma'aikata amfani da wani shirin da ake kira Greyball. hana masu mulki. Sabuwar manufar Uber da ta shafi amfani da Greyball, kayan aikin da kamfanin ya ɓullo da shi don nuna nau'ikan app ɗin sa, ya zo ne bayan wani labarin New York Times wanda ya fito.

Uber da tuhumar cin zarafi

A cikin Manjoo, Uber Case na iya zama Ruwan Ruwa ga Mata a Tech, nytimes.com (3/1/2017) an lura cewa “Mata kaɗan a Silicon Valley sun yi mamakin wahayi game da Uber dalla-dalla wannan watan ta Susan Fowler, software. Injiniya wacce ta wallafa wani fallasa kan al'adun jima'i da cin zarafi da ta ce ta yi fama da ita a shekarar da ta yi a kamfanin hawan keke. Ga mata da yawa a cikin Silicon Valley, kwatancen labarin Ms. Fowler ya kasance gaskiya daga abin takaici. Akwai tatsuniyoyi irin nata a cikin masana'antar fasaha…Har yanzu, abin kunya na Uber yana jin daban. Ji yake kamar magudanar ruwa. Ga masu ba da shawara ga bambancin jinsi a cikin masana'antar fasaha, Ms. Fowler ta zarge-zarge, da kuma kukan jama'a da suka tayar, suna ba da yiwuwar wani sabon abu zai iya kasancewa a cikin aiki. Me zai iya faruwa? Wani abu mai ban sha'awa: Wannan na iya zama farkon dogon lokaci mai zurfi da yunƙurin sake yin al'adun da suka daɗe da barin mata-ba kawai a Uber ba har ma a duk faɗin kasuwancin fasaha, ma… A halin yanzu, alamar Uber tana cikin tatters. Ta fuskanci dogon jerin badakala da cece-kuce da suka samo asali daga kakkausar murya da take yi da masu mulki da masu fafatawa. Abokan ciniki sun ƙi ba shi fa'idar shakku… ƴan bazara don kariyar sa”.

Halin Uber a Nairobi

A halin da shugaban UBER ke ganin shi ne tushen tashe tashen hankula, etn.travel (3/2/2017) an lura da cewa “A yanzu an gama hutun amarci na direbobin UBER a Nairobi yayin da direbobi ke komawa kan tituna bayan wani yajin aikin, da nufin tilasta wa kamfanin ya biya su mafi girma jadawalin kuɗin fito da kuma ɗaukar ƙasa da kwamiti. Gasar da aka yi a babban birnin Kenya, ciki har da na Little Rides, wanda ke samun goyon bayan babbar kamfanin sadarwa na Safaricom, ya tilastawa hukumomin UBER na cikin gida yin kwaskwarima ga jadawalin kuɗin fito don kare rabon kasuwarsu, amma matakin ya haifar da mummunan jini tare da direbobin su kusan nan take. Bisa la’akari da hauhawar farashin man fetur a kasar Kenya, da sauran matsalolin tsadar kayayyaki, direbobin sun nuna cewa idan har ba a ba su wata yarjejeniya mafi kyau fiye da yadda kamfanin ke ba su a halin yanzu, za su iya cire UBER su zama ma’aikata masu zaman kansu ko kuma su shiga wasu kungiyoyi”.

Tafiya Kewaye da Wata

A cikin Chang, SpaceX na shirin aika 'yan yawon bude ido 2 a kusa da wata a cikin 2018, nytimes.com (2/27/2017) an lura cewa SpaceX, babban kamfanin roka da Elon Musk ke jagoranta, yana so ya aika 'yan yawon bude ido biyu a kusa da wata kuma. komawa Duniya kafin karshen shekara mai zuwa. Idan suka gudanar da wannan aikin, fasinjojin za su kasance mutane na farko da suka fara shiga sararin samaniya cikin fiye da shekaru 40…'Wannan zai zama dogon madauki a duniyar wata', in ji Mista Musk…Mutanen biyu za su shafe kusan mako guda. a cikin daya daga cikin capsules na SpaceX Dragon 2, wanda aka harba akan rokar falcon Heavy na SpaceX. Jirgin zai kasance mai sarrafa kansa, amma matafiya za su sami horon gaggawa. (Farashin zai kasance) 'Dan kadan fiye da kudin da jirgin da aka aika zuwa tashar sararin samaniya zai kasance' in ji shi. Falcon Heavy da kansa yana da jerin farashin dala miliyan 90”.

Maida Reefs A cikin Maldives

A cikin Billlock, Sabon fifiko don wuraren shakatawa na Teku: Maido da Reefs, nytimes.com (2/23/2017) an lura cewa “Afrilun da ya gabata (Ms. X) ta tsaya a bakin rairayin bakin teku a Maldives suna jin takaici. Murjani na murjani yana bleaching, yana rikidewa zuwa gaɓar fatalwa mai kodadde, murjani mai ƙarfi…(Ms. X) ita ce mazaunin wurin nazarin halittun ruwa a wurin shakatawa na Outrigger Konotta Maldives. Tana jagorantar haɗin gwiwar wurin shakatawa tare da ƙungiyar masu nutsewa cikin gida da gidan kayan tarihi na Oceanography da Fisheries na Jamus a cikin wani shiri mai suna Outrigger Ozone, wani shiri da aka tsara don sake ginawa da sake girmar raƙuman murjani da suka lalace daga ƙaramin tsibiri na kadarorin. Bleaching na Afrilu shi ne na baya-bayan nan a cikin jerin hare-haren dumamar yanayi da kuma hare-haren da suka shafi dan Adam a kan rafin; wannan ya kai hari kan rafin da ta riga ta yi aiki don dawo da ita, wanda ya haifar da koma baya ga ci gabanta sosai”.

Hutu Kyautar Mota

A cikin Glusac, Hutu-Free na Mota don Maziyartan Birane, nytimes.com (2/20/2017) an lura da cewa “Tafiyar karshen mako zuwa biranen kamar Boston, Chicago ko San Francisco da wuya suna buƙatar motar haya don kewayawa, idan aka ba da fa'ida mai yawa. tsarin sufuri na jama'a. Amma ƙarin wuraren da ba zato ba tsammani suna shiga cikin jerin zaɓin mota yayin da sabbin zaɓuɓɓukan zirga-zirga cikin sauri da ke da tushe a cikin ƙasar. Yawancin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga, kamar na New York, sun riga sun riga sun kasance a ko'ina na motoci kuma suna yin hidima ga yankunan birane masu yawa. Yanzu, ƙanana da ƙananan birane, kamar Denver, suna ƙara jiragen kasa da motocin titi. Hatta wuraren da suka fi kusanci da motoci, kamar Detroit da Los Angeles, suna sake yin hanyoyin sadarwa da zarar an tsage don samar da hanyar Fords, Chevys da Chryslers”.

Mirgine Yoga Mat

A cikin La Gorce, Zuwa Kotun Millennials, Otal-otal suna Fitar da Yoga Mat, nytimes.com (2/27/2017) an lura cewa “binciken ya kuma nuna hikimar amfani da dacewa don kasuwa ga matafiya na dubun shekaru. A cikin binciken bin diddigin balaguron rani da aka gudanar a bara ta American Express Travel, kashi 49 cikin ɗari na millennials sun ce suna son wurin motsa jiki a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan a otal. Otal-otal sun kasance suna tafiya ta wannan hanya. Ƙungiyar Otal da Gidaje ta Amurka ta gano cewa kashi 85 cikin ɗari na otal ɗin suna da wuraren motsa jiki a bara, sama da kashi 63 a cikin 2004. Sarƙoƙin otal kamar Even, wanda ke da otal shida da biyar a cikin bututun tare da ɗakunan da suka fara kusan $ 199 a dare, suna yin ƙari. fiye da bayar da zaɓuɓɓukan dacewa. Komai daga koren smoothies da aka yi amfani da shi a gidan cin abinci na Cork & Kale zuwa jakunkuna na ragar da aka ba baƙi don saka rigunan gumi a ciki - tufafin an dawo da su an wanke, bushe da ninke cikin sa'o'i biyu - an keɓance shi da ra'ayin inganta lafiya. "

Labarin Dokar Balaguro: Case James

Mai shigar da kara ta yarda cewa ta duba zanin gadon kafin ta kwanta kuma ta yarda cewa [ta] ba ta lura da kwaron gado ba a wancan lokacin… ya koma da ita wani sabon daki a wata hasumiya ta daban…Mai shigar da kara ya shigar da rahoton faruwar Bako tare da Resort yana ba da rahoton lamarin bug din”.

Harrah's Bed Bug Protocol

“Ka’idar Harrah dangane da tsuguno a lokacin da mai gabatar da kara ya faru a shekarar 2013 ta kasance kamar haka: idan ma’aikacin dakin bako ya gano matsalar kwaron yayin tsaftace daki, ya kamata ya kai rahoto ga mai kulawa, wanda ya lura dakin. don Ecolab, sabis na kula da kwari, don dubawa da magani a rana mai zuwa. Idan baƙo ya ba da rahoton matsala game da kwaro, tebur na gaba ya sanar da masu aikin gida, wanda ya lura da dakin Ecolab (wanda) ya zo wurin shakatawa kowace safiya, Litinin zuwa Juma'a, kuma ya duba tare da kula da ɗakunan da aka ruwaito tare da matsalolin kwari… Ecolab ya samar da nasa rahoton da ke rubuta matsalolin kwari. "

Babu "Tsarin Bug"

"Harrah's ba ta amfani da katifa ko wasu 'na'urori masu kama gado, ko tarko' a cikin dakunan otal din kuma dakunan ba su da rubutaccen gargadi ga baƙi don duba dakin don kwari. A cewar mai gabatar da kara, Harrah ta samu 'Rahotanni na Baƙi masu alaƙa da kwari 84 daga 2012-2013, Korafe-korafen Tilasta Ƙira guda tara daga Dokar Tilasta Tsarin Lantarki ta Atlantic City, da ɗaruruwan Eco-Lab invoices don aikin da ke da alaƙa da bug' amma ya kasa haɗa kowane ɗayan waɗannan. rubuce-rubucen a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikodin da ke gaban wannan Kotun game da ƙararrakin gaggawa. "

Masu aikin gida sun horar

“An horar da ma’aikatan gidan Harrah don ganowa da magance kwari, kuma masu kulawa sun kasance ‘koyaushe… suna magana game da rigakafin kwari… An ba da horon kwaro ta hanyar bidiyo… Sabbin ma’aikatan dakin baƙi sun sami horo na makonni biyu na yau da kullun daga 9- 5 a wurin shakatawa lokacin da suka fara farawa… Ana buƙatar horo na gaba ga duk masu halartar ɗakin baƙo 'kowace shekara sau biyu a shekara'”.

Raunin mai kara

“Mai karar ta watsar da kayanta da yawa lokacin da ta dawo gida daga zamanta… Ta sami cizo a kafadarta ta hagu da kuma wuyan hannu, wasu daga cikinsu sun bar tabo na dindindin. Har yanzu tana fama da matsananciyar bacin rai, wulakanci, damuwa, mafarki mai ban tsoro da rashin barci a sakamakon lamarin’ kuma tana da “matsalar barci a cikin daki mai duhu kuma tana fama da matsalar barci cikin dare”.

Daubert Motion

“Wadanda ake tuhumar suna neman hana mai shigar da kara yin la’akari da rahoton kwararrenta da kuma hana shaidarsa a lokacin da ake shari’a…Masu kara sun ki cewa Mista Sutor bai cancanci ba da ra’ayi kan manufofin bugu na otal ba saboda kwarewarsa tana kusa da, amma ba a haƙiƙanin haɗawa ba, batun batun shaidarsa…Mr. Sutor ya yarda cewa bai taba yin aiki a cikin gida ba ko kuma wani kamfani na kawar da cutar… kuma shi ba ƙwararren masani bane a cikin kula da kwari kuma ya yi nasa binciken don shirya rahoton ƙwararrun sa. Wadanda ake tuhumar sun kuma nuna cewa Mista Sutor ya yarda cewa bai san abin da, musamman, Harrah ke yi don kula da kwari ba… da kuma cewa bai sani ba, kuma bai yi wani bincike ba, ayyukan binciken Ecolab da kashewa da aka ba Harrah. wuraren shakatawa”.

Rahotannin Kwararru na Masu Kara sun Kashe

“Bugu da ƙari, rashin ilimi, horo da gogewar Mista Sutor a cikin lamuran kiwon lafiyar jama’a, da kuma rashin ingantaccen tsarin da ke tattare da ra’ayoyi game da ka’idojin masana’antu wajen yaƙar cutar kwaro a cikin otal-otal, ra’ayin da aka bayyana yana fama da rashin lafiya. 'fita'. Bukatar cewa ra'ayin ƙwararre dole ne ya dace da yanayin shari'ar yana tabbatar da cewa ra'ayi na musamman na mai shaida ya dace da yankin da ya dace na binciken shari'ar. Yankin farko na rashin dacewa shine yanayin gaskiya - yana ba da ra'ayi game da gazawar da ake tsammani ba tare da saninsa ba tare da la'akari da ka'idar Harrah na gadon gado da yanayin sabis na Ecolab a cikin ɗakunan baƙi na Harrah. Yankin na biyu na rashin dacewa ya shafi batun kansa: Mista Sutor, tare da gogewa a cikin tsaro na otal, yayi ƙoƙari ya kwatanta shari'ar bug a matsayin mai tsaro kuma yana ba da ra'ayi game da abin da sashen tsaro na wanda ake tuhuma ya kamata ya yi. Shari'ar ta gabatar da, a maimakon haka, batun tsafta da lafiya wajen ganowa da kawar da kwari daga dakunan otal. Mista Sutor ya yarda ba shi da gogewa wajen magance irin wadannan matsalolin”.

Da'awar Nusance

“Masu kara na neman a yi hukunci a tak’aice a kan ikirarin da ta yi na bata gari, karya kwangila, saba garanti da kuma mugayen ayyukan kasuwanci na ganganci da niyya da kuma al’amuran da suka hada da musabbabin raunin da mai gabatar da kara ya samu…. hana mai gabatar da ƙara lafiya, lafiya da jin daɗin amfani da wurin shakatawa da kuma cewa 'yanayi mai haɗari da lahani' na wurin shakatawa 'ya zama abin damuwa kuma ya gabatar da tsangwama mara ma'ana tare da amfani da mai ƙara da jin daɗin ɗakin otal'… Ko gadon waɗanda ake tuhuma Ƙa'idar bug ta ƙunshi gazawar yin aiki wanda ya haifar da tsangwama da ganganci da rashin hankali' game da amfani da mai gabatar da kara a ɗakin otal ɗinta ya ba da wata tambaya ta gaskiya da aka bari a yi shari'a".

Karya Yarjejeniyar

“Bangarorin sun yi gardama kan ko an kulla kwangilar ne bisa ka’ida a tsakanin mai gabatar da kara da kuma Harrah’s Resort kuma a kan haka ne Kotu za ta ki amincewa da bukatar da mai gabatar da kara ta yi na yanke hukuncin yanke hukuncin daurin rai da rai da ta yi. Bangarorin sun yi jayayya ko akwai a matsayin 'taron hankali' game da sharuɗɗan kwangilar da aka ce, ko biyan haraji da kuɗi akan ɗakin otal ɗin kyauta na iya zama ingantaccen la'akari da abin da, idan akwai, diyya ga mai ƙara ya sha wahala… ko da idan An ƙirƙiro kwangilar bisa ka'ida, Mai shigar da ƙara ba ta cika nauyinta na hujjar da ke nuna cewa kasancewar bugu a ɗakin otal ɗin ta ya zama saba wa kowane ƙayyadaddun kwangilar. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen suna gabatar da tambayoyi don juri don warwarewa”.

Rashin Garanti

"Cikin da'awar garantin mai ƙara ya samo asali ne daga imaninta cewa Harrah ta yi, kuma ta kasa yin, 'alƙawura bayyananne da bayyane' don samar da otal mai aminci da wurin zama wanda ke da ma'aikatan gida waɗanda aka horar da su sosai. Da'awar mai ƙara ya bayyana yana haifar da nau'i biyu daban-daban na cin zarafi na garanti: keta garantin bayyanannen garanti da keta garantin ma'auni…Saboda ainihin tambayoyin da suka rage akan menene, idan akwai, 'tabbas, alkawuran ko kwatance' na ɗakunan shakatawa na Harrah, da kuma ko waɗancan wakilcin za su yi aiki a kan keta da'awar garanti ko fiye da ɗabi'a, Kotu za ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar mai ƙara don yanke hukunci (akan keta garantin fayyace. Duk da haka, an kori laifin da mai gabatar da kara na da'awar garanti mai ma'ana tun lokacin) Babu wata kotun New Jersey da ta gane. wani mataki na keta garantin zama na baƙon otal”.

Ayyukan Kasuwanci na ƙeta

“Masu aikata mugunta…da'awar kasuwanci ta dogara ne akan zarge-zargen cewa 'Waɗanda ake tuhuma suna bin mai ƙarar aikin kulawa… don tabbatar da cewa babu wani abin da ya hana baƙo amfani da jin daɗin ɗakin otal ɗin ta, don samar da yanayi mai aminci ga waɗannan mutanen. ...da kuma tabbatar da cewa kowane dakin otal ya kasance ba tare da kamuwa da cutar kwaro ba' da kuma wadanda ake tuhuma sun keta wannan aiki ta hanyar, da sani, da gangan' kasa daukar aiki, horarwa da kula da isassun ma'aikatan gida da tsaro, ta hanyar kasa kula da isassun ma'aikata. hanyoyin da ake bi don hana sake faruwar bug-gurbi; da kuma rage kasafin kudinta da rage ma’aikatan otal…

(Lura da cewa New Jersey Supreme) a fili ya ki amincewa da da'awar a cikin 'prima facie tort' (Kotun kuma ta yi hakan) koda kuwa wannan kirga ya gabatar da da'awar da za a iya gane shi, mai shigar da kara bai gabatar da wata shaida da ke nuna cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya aikata wani ganganci ba. ta musamman". An musanta hukuncin taƙaitawa.

Thomas A. Dickerson mai ritaya ne na Mataimakin Shari'a na Rukunin daukaka kara, Sashi na biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro har tsawon shekaru 41 gami da litattafan dokokinsa da ake sabuntawa duk shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Law Journal Press (2016), Yin Takaddun Jirgin Ruwa na Kasa da Kasa a Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2016) da sama da labaran doka 400 da yawa daga cikinsu ana samun su a nycourts.gov/courts/9jd/taxcertatd. shtml. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiye-tafiye da ci gaba, musamman, a cikin membobin EU na EU duba IFTTA.org

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izinin Thomas A. Dickerson ba.

Karanta da yawa daga Labaran Justice Dickerson anan.