Ta yaya zan iya taimaka wa kaina idan na yi rashin lafiya da COVID-19 coronavirus?

Mashahurin ma'aikatan bincike suna aiki ba dare ba rana don ba da jagora kan yadda za ku kula da kanku mafi kyau idan kuna zargin kuna da lafiya. COVID-19 coronavirus.

Ana fitar da karatun likitanci akan COVID-19 a cikin hanzari, galibi suna haifar da rudani game da abubuwa masu sauƙi kamar waɗanda masu rage radadi da za a ɗauka, ko yadda ake kula da dangin marasa lafiya a gida.

Don jagora, National Geographic ya juya ga manyan likitoci da masu bincike a duk faɗin Amurka da Kanada don shawarwarin su kan kulawar gida, da kuma lokacin neman kulawar likita.

Manyan Likitoci shida sun bayyana abin da muka sani ya zuwa yanzu maganin COVID-19 a dakin gaggawa da kuma gida.

YADDA AKE YAKI DA ZAZAFIN

Labari mai dadi shine kusan kashi 80 na duk shari'o'in COVID-19 suna nuna alamun laushi zuwa matsakaici kawai waɗanda basa buƙatar asibiti. Likitoci sun ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan marasa lafiya su ware kansu, su kasance cikin ruwa, su ci abinci mai kyau, kuma su sarrafa alamun su gwargwadon iyawarsu.

Don kula da zazzabin da ke da alaƙa da cututtuka da yawa, gami da COVID-19, likitoci sun ba da shawarar shan acetaminophen—wanda aka fi sani da paracetamol a duniya—kafin ibuprofen. Idan zazzabi ya ci gaba, ya kamata marasa lafiya suyi la'akari da canzawa zuwa ibuprofen, in ji Julie Autmizguine, kwararriyar cututtukan cututtukan yara a CHU Sainte-Justine a Montreal, Kanada.

Ita da sauran likitocin sun bayyana wannan fifikon saboda ibuprofen da magungunan da ke da alaƙa - da ake kira NSAIDs a takaice - na iya samun illa mai cutarwa ga waɗanda ke da COVID-19 coronavirus, gami da raunin koda, gyambon ciki, da zub da jini na gastrointestinal.

Koyaya, wannan gargaɗin ba ya nufin cewa ibuprofen da NSAIDs suna dagula sakamako tare da coronavirus, kamar yadda labaran labarai na hoto suka nuna a makon da ya gabata bayan Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Faransa ta ce ya kamata a guji magungunan yayin maganin COVID-19.

"Ban san cewa NSAIDs an nuna su zama mummunar matsala ga wannan cuta ko kuma ga kowane coronavirus," in ji masanin coronavirus Stanley Perlman, likitan yara kuma masanin rigakafi a Jami'ar Iowa's Carver College of Medicine.

Acetaminophen kuma yana zuwa tare da haɗari, kuma ya kamata mutane su ɗauka kawai idan ba su da rashin lafiyan ko kuma ba su da lahani na hanta. Maganin yana da lafiya a jimlar allurai na yau da kullun na ƙasa da milligrams 3,000, amma wuce wannan matsakaicin yau da kullun na iya haifar da raunin hanta ko muni.

"Acetaminophen fiye da kima shine mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da gazawar hanta a Amurka," in ji José Manautou, masanin kimiyyar guba a Jami'ar Connecticut School of Pharmacy.

Ya kamata mutane su tabbatar sun yi lissafin duk magungunan da suke amfani da su, tun da magungunan da ba a iya siyar da su ba da ke da alaƙa da alamun mura da wasu kayan bacci sukan ƙunshi acetaminophen. Ya kamata mutane su guji shan barasa lokacin shan acetaminophen. Hanta ya dogara da abu ɗaya - glutathione - don fushi da yuwuwar mai guba na duka barasa da acetaminophen. Idan kun cinye duka biyun da yawa, zai iya haifar da guba a cikin jiki. (Da zarar jikinka ya kamu da cutar, wannan shine abin da coronavirus yake yi.)

ME GAME DA CHLOROQUINE DA AZITHROMYCIN?

Kungiyoyin likitocin suna aiki ba dare ba rana don koyon yadda za a fi dacewa da COVID-19, kuma a cikin makon da ya gabata, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya shiga cikin fafatawar ta hanyar bayyana goyon bayansa ga magunguna biyu da suka wanzu shekaru da yawa - kwayoyin azithromycin, da kuma nau'in maganin zazzabin cizon sauro chloroquine.

A gaskiya ma, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ba ta amince da hydroxychloroquine ba - galibi ana amfani da ita don magance cututtukan arthritis da lupus - don amfani da COVID-19, kodayake ta amince da gwaji tare da azithromycin wanda yanzu an tsara shi don New York. A halin da ake ciki, jami'an kiwon lafiya a duniya, ciki har da Anthony Fauci, shugaban Cibiyar Allergy da Cututtuka na Amurka, suna yin kira da a yi taka tsantsan game da magungunan.

"Yawancin abubuwan da kuke ji a waje akwai abin da na kira rahotanni na ban tsoro," in ji Fauci a cikin wani taron manema labarai a ranar Asabar ga rundunar da ke aiki a Fadar White House. "Aikina shine in tabbatar ba tare da wata shakka ba cewa magani ba shi da lafiya kawai, amma a zahiri yana aiki."

Labarin chloroquine ya fara ne da ƙananan karatu da yawa daga China da Faransa - waɗanda dukkansu suna da gazawa kuma suna ba da darussa kaɗan ga marasa lafiya gabaɗaya. Sakamakon Faransanci ya dogara ne akan mutane 36 kawai kuma yana mai da hankali kan nauyin ƙwayar cuta na marasa lafiya, ko adadin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jiki. Tabbas, kawai marasa lafiya da suka mutu ko kuma a tura su zuwa kulawa mai zurfi a cikin binciken Faransanci sun ɗauki hydroxychloroquine.

"Ba mu da bayanai daga bazuwar, gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa da ke gaya mana yadda chloroquine ke aiki a cikin mutane na gaske," in ji Annie Luetkemeyer, ƙwararriyar cutar HIV da cututtuka a Jami'ar California, San Francisco, Sashen Magunguna.

Magungunan kai tare da hydroxychloroquine da azithromycin ga waɗanda ke da COVID-19 coronavirus na iya zuwa da haɗari, saboda magungunan biyu na iya ƙarfafa zuciya da haɓaka haɗarin arrhythmia. A ranar Litinin, shugaban ya yi alƙawarin aika dubunnan allurai na haɗin gwiwar New York don gwajin FDA, ba da daɗewa ba bayan wani asibitin Arizona ya ba da rahoton cewa ɗaya daga cikin majinyatan ya mutu bayan ya yi maganin kansa kan chloroquine phosphate, wani nau'i na fili da ake amfani da shi don tsabtace akwatin kifaye. tankuna. Jami’an lafiya a Najeriya sun ba da rahoton bullar cutar chloroquine fiye da kima guda biyu a karshen mako.

"Abu na karshe da muke so a yanzu shi ne mu mamaye sassan mu na gaggawa tare da marasa lafiya da suka yi imanin cewa sun samo wata hanya mara kyau kuma mai haɗari da za ta iya yin illa ga lafiyarsu," Daniel Brooks, darektan likita na Cibiyar Banner Poison da Drug Information Center a Phoenix. , in ji sanarwar.

SHIN MAGANIN HAWAN JINI LAFIYA?

Masu hana ACE, magungunan da ake amfani da su sosai don magance cutar hawan jini, suma sun shiga wuta yayin rikicin COVID-19, tare da wasu rahotannin da ke nuna cewa ya kamata marasa lafiya su daina shan waɗannan magungunan idan sun sami alamun.

A cikin jerin haruffa a cikin Jarida ta Likita ta Burtaniya, Binciken Halittu na Cardiology, da Magungunan Respiratory Lancet, masu binciken sun tada tambayoyi kan ko masu hana ACE na iya taimakawa wajen kafa cututtukan coronavirus a cikin huhun mutane. Damuwar ta samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa SARS da sabon coronavirus suna shiga sel ta hanyar yin amfani da furotin da ake kira angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ko ACE2 a takaice. Protein yana da yawa a saman sel a cikin zuciya da huhu, inda yake taimakawa wajen daidaita hormone wanda ke shafar takurewar jini.

Sakamakon daya daga cikin masu hana ACE shine cewa zasu iya sa sel suyi ƙarin ACE2. Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 ya sami shaidar irin wannan karuwa a cikin mice, kuma binciken 2015 a cikin mutane ya sami karuwar ACE2 a cikin fitsari na marasa lafiya da ke shan magani mai alaka da masu hana ACE.

Amma babu wata shaida ta yanzu da ke nuna cewa masu hana ACE suna cutar da sakamakon COVID-19 a cikin mutane, a cewar Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai ta Cardiology's Council akan hauhawar jini, da kuma wani bita na Maris 20 da aka buga a cikin Jaridar Zuciya ta Turai. Shawarar da likitoci suka bayar ita ce, idan an rubuta maka magani, ci gaba da shan har sai mai ba da lafiya ya gaya maka.

"Kada mu fara ko dakatar da wadannan magunguna har sai mun sami karin bayani," in ji Luetkemeyer.

Mutanen da ke da cutar hawan jini da cututtukan zuciya suna da alama suna cikin haɗarin COVID-19, amma wannan tabbas yana da alaƙa da cututtukan da kansu. Menene ƙari, masu hana ACE na iya samun abubuwan hana kumburi, waɗanda zasu iya taimakawa huhun marasa lafiya na COVID-19 mafi kyawun jure kamuwa da cutar. (Koyi yadda waɗannan yanayin ke haifar da coronavirus mafi tsanani.)

"Wannan zai zama babban nazari, don kwatanta mutanen da ke da cutar hawan jini da ko rage wadannan kwayoyi, don ganin ko akwai wani bambanci," in ji Perlman. "Amma zai yi wuya a yi, kuma mai yiwuwa yana da wahala a tabbatar da gaskiya."

LOKACIN NEMAN LAFIYAR LIKITA

"Kowace hanya, idan kuna fama da alamun numfashi na gaggawa ko wani abu mai ban sha'awa, muna son ku nemi kulawar gaggawa," in ji Purvi Parikh, kwararre kan cututtuka da cututtuka a NYU Langone a birnin New York. Idan ka zaɓi neman taimako a asibitin gida, ga misali ɗaya na abin da za ku iya tsammani.

A babban asibitin Inova Health System da ke Fairfax, Virginia, ma’aikatan sun kafa tanti na waje don raba mutanen da ke ba da rahoton cututtukan numfashi da waɗanda ke da wasu cututtuka. Ana sarrafa ƙungiyoyin biyu a sassa daban-daban na ɗakin jira, an raba su da akalla ƙafa shida na sarari.

Sakamakon karancin gwaje-gwaje a duk faɗin Amurka, likitoci a Inova da sauran asibitoci sun ce idan mutane suka zo da alamu masu laushi, ana gaya wa waɗannan marasa lafiya su ɗauka cewa suna da COVID-19 kuma ana ƙarfafa su da su keɓe kansu don hana cikar al'ummar ƙasar kusan 920,000. ma'aikata gadaje.

Ga waɗanda ba su da lafiya tare da COVID-19 coronavirus kuma suna zuwa da alamun cututtuka kamar wahalar numfashi, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya suna farawa ta hanyar mai da hankali kan matakan iskar oxygen na majiyyaci, hawan jini, da adadin ruwan da ke cikin huhunsu - duk a ƙoƙarinsu don kiyaye yanayin su. Suna kuma ƙoƙarin magance zazzabi, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi kuma ya haifar da lalacewar sel.

Mafi tsanani lokuta na COVID-19 suna buƙatar sanya majiyyaci a kan injina na injina - na'urar da ke motsa iska a ciki da wajen huhun mutum - fiye da mako guda a lokaci guda. Shi ya sa jami'an kiwon lafiya suka damu matuka game da karancin iskar da ke tafe. Societyungiyar Magungunan Kula da Mahimmanci ta ce har zuwa 200,000 na iska a asibitocin Amurka, amma wasu sun tsufa kuma ƙila ba za su iya magance COVID-19 yadda ya kamata ba. A halin da ake ciki, wani kiyasi mai tsauri ya nuna cewa sama da Amurkawa 900,000 za su iya samun COVID-19 kuma suna buƙatar injin iska.

Mafi munin shari'o'in COVID-19 na iya haifar da abin da ake kira matsanancin ciwo na numfashi na numfashi (ARDS), mummunan rauni na huhu wanda nau'ikan cututtuka masu tsanani na iya haifar da su. Asibitoci suna da ingantattun hanyoyin magance ARDS. Ya kamata a sanya majiyyaci a cikin su don inganta huhu don samun iska, kuma kada a ba su ruwa mai yawa. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a saita na'urorin hura iska na marasa lafiya na ARDS don zagayowar ƙananan iska, don rage damuwa akan alveoli, ƙananan ƙananan ɗakunan huhu.

A cikin ɗakunan asibitoci, ma'aikata suna kulawa don rage amfani da kayan aiki waɗanda za su iya sakin ɗigon numfashi, kamar na'urorin tallafin iskar oxygen waɗanda ke tura iska cikin huhu. Sauran asibitocin suna amfani da ƙarin taka tsantsan tare da na'urori da ake kira nebulizers, waɗanda ke canza magungunan ruwa zuwa hazo mai numfashi, tunda hazo na iya ɗaga SARS-CoV-2 a sama. (Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa sabulu ya fi dacewa da bleach a cikin yaƙi da coronavirus.)

MAGANGANUN ALKAWARI?

Masu bincike da likitoci a duk duniya yanzu suna tsere don gwadawa yadda yakamata ko ana iya haɗa magunguna daban-daban a cikin yaƙin COVID-19. Likitocin da National Geographic ta zanta da su sun bayyana mafi girman fata kan remdesivir, maganin rigakafin da Kimiyyar Gileyad ta kera.

"Wanda kawai zan rataya hulata shine remdesivir," in ji Perlman.

Remdesivir yana aiki ta hanyar kwaikwayon tubalin ginin hoto na RNA, yana hana ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta haɓaka. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka ba da rahoton Sinawa, wanda aka buga a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu a cikin Binciken Cell, ya ba da rahoton cewa remdesivir ya rushe kwafin SARS-CoV-2 a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Amma maganin har yanzu gwaji ne kuma ya fuskanci koma baya a baya. Tun da farko an samar da Remdesivir don yaki da cutar Ebola, amma gwajin asibiti da aka yi wa dan Adam ya ci tura.

Ko da kuwa, neman magani mai inganci yana buƙatar tsauraran gwaje-gwajen asibiti na ɗan adam, wanda zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don gudanarwa. Perlman ya kara da cewa "A baya-bayan nan, zai yi kyau da a ce mun kara yin kokari a cikin magungunan rigakafin cutar coronavirus." "Sauƙi a faɗi yanzu, [amma] watanni biyar da suka gabata, ba mai sauƙi ba ne."