Wasu matafiya suna ɗaukar fiye da kaya

Bayan jirginta na baya-bayan nan ya isa Atlanta, wata mata mai shekaru 57 ta shaida wa ma'aikatan jinya cewa ta yi amai kuma tana jin tashin hankali. Wata kwayar cuta ta dade tana addabar danginta.

"Kowa a cikin iyali yana da wannan," in ji ta.

A kowace rana, fasinjojin da ke fama da cututtuka iri-iri suna wucewa ta filin jirgin sama na Hartsfield-Jackson na Atlanta. Wasu suna fama da rashin lafiya har ana kiran ma’aikatan lafiya don taimaka musu. Amma kamfanonin jiragen sama suna barin fasinjoji marasa lafiya su tashi kuma da wuya su bi ka'idodin da ke buƙatar sanar da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka na wasu cututtuka.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama sun ce ba shi da sauƙi a san wanda ba shi da lafiya da abin da za a ba da rahoto.

"Mutanen da ba su da lafiya kada su yi balaguro," in ji Dokta Martin Cetron, darektan sashen CDC na ƙaura da keɓewar duniya. “Bai yi muku kyau da rashin lafiyar ku ba. Lallai ba shi da kyau ga fasinjojin ku.

Amma marasa lafiya suna tafiya ta wata hanya. A watan Oktoba da Nuwamba kadai, likitoci sun amsa akalla rahotanni 75 na mutane a filin jirgin sama na korafin amai, tashin zuciya, gudawa, zazzabi, ciwon makogwaro da tari. Wasu suna da yawancin waɗannan alamun a lokaci ɗaya, bisa ga bayanan Sashen Ceto Wuta na Atlanta.

Wata fasinja ba ta da lafiya tun lokacin da ta tafi California kusan mako guda kafin hakan, amma har yanzu ta tashi zuwa Atlanta, tana fama da amai da gudawa a cikin jirgin. Wata kuma ta yi rashin lafiya tsawon makonni biyu yayin da yake kasar Peru, mai yiwuwa daga zazzabin cizon sauro, kamar yadda ta yi tunani. Duk da zazzabi, ta tashi zuwa Atlanta.

Jami’an kamfanonin jiragen sama sun ce ma’aikatansu ba ƙwararrun likitoci ba ne. Ta yaya za a san wani yana da zazzabi, sai dai idan ya yi yawa? Ban da haka, sun ce, jirgin sama ba zai iya yada cututtuka fiye da kowane wuri mai cunkoso ba.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama na iya hana fasinjoji shiga, kodayake babu wanda zai ce sau nawa suke yi.

Katherine Andrus, mataimakiyar mai ba da shawara ta kungiyar sufurin jiragen sama ta ce "Idan wani ya zo jirgin yana shan iska kadan, ba lallai ne ya jawo hankali ko zato ba."

Dokokin tarayya na buƙatar kamfanonin jiragen sama su sanar da jami'an kiwon lafiya nan da nan game da duk wani fasinja ko rashin lafiyar ma'aikatan jirgin da suka shafi gudawa ko zazzabi na kwana biyu ko duk wani zazzabi mai kurji, kumburin gland ko jaundice kafin jirginsu ya isa filin jirgin sama.

CDC ta bukaci kamfanonin jiragen sama su kuma ba da rahoton duk wanda ke da zazzabi tare da wahalar numfashi, ciwon kai tare da taurin wuya, raguwar matakin sani ko zubar jini da ba a bayyana ba. Irin waɗannan alamun "na iya nuna mummunar cuta mai yaduwa," in ji hukumar.

Yayin da aka yi imanin yada cututtuka masu tsanani a cikin jirgin sama ba kasafai ba ne, babu wanda ya san sau nawa sanyi, mura da bug norovirus ke yaduwa tsakanin fasinjoji.

John Spengler, farfesa a fannin kiwon lafiyar muhalli a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard, ya ce kusanci na dogon lokaci yana ba wa jirgin sama dama ta musamman don yada cututtuka.

"Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna da iskar iska mai kyau sosai," in ji Spengler, yana mai lura da cewa ana sake tsabtace iska ta hanyar tace HEPA a yawancin jirage. Amma babu yadda za a yi kusa da madaidaicin wurin zama mai horarwa a cikin jet - da kuma mara lafiya mara lafiya zaune kusa da ku na sa'o'i.

CDC ta damu da ganowa da dakatar da yaduwar cututtuka da suka kama daga kyanda, tarin fuka da sankarau na kwayan cuta, zuwa SARS da kuma zazzabin jini da ba kasafai ba kamar Ebola. Ana ɗaukar rahoton rahoton jirgin sama yana da mahimmanci wajen magance cutar mura.

Amma kamfanonin jiragen sama ba kasafai suke ba da rahoton fasinjoji marasa lafiya ba don haka CDC za ta iya tantance su, in ji Cetron. "Yawancin abin da muka koya game da shi shine bayan gaskiya" kamar daga asibitoci, in ji shi.

CDC ba ta ma samun cikakken rahoton duk mace-mace a cikin jirgin sama, in ji Cetron.

Daga watan Janairu zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba, shirin keɓewar CDC ya sami rahotanni 1,607 a duk faɗin ƙasar na matafiya waɗanda ba su da lafiya ko suka mutu a cikin jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa ko wasu hanyoyin sufuri; Rahotonni 100 sun shafi tashar keɓewa a Hartsfield, wanda ke hidimar Georgia, Tennessee da Carolinas. Yawancin lokuta, bayan an tantance su, ba sa buƙatar ƙarin sa hannun CDC.

A watan Disambar da ya gabata, wata mata mai fama da tari mai fama da cutar tarin fuka, ta tashi daga Indiya zuwa Chicago, sannan zuwa California. Mutum daya da ya tashi tare da ita daga baya ya zama mai cutar tarin fuka a gwaje-gwaje, kodayake jami’an CDC sun ce matafiyin ya rayu ne a wata kasa mai yawan tarin fuka, wanda hakan ya sa ba a san tushen kamuwa da cutar ba.

Watanni bakwai da suka gabata, Andrew Kakakin Atlanta, wanda ba shi da alamun bayyanar ko tari, hukumomin tarayya sun keɓe shi a wani lamari da ya faru sosai bayan ya tashi zuwa Girka kuma ya dawo da tarin fuka mai jurewa. An gano cewa babu wanda ya kamu da cutar daga kakakin majalisar.

A shekara ta 2004, wani dan kasuwa mai shekaru 38 da ke fama da zazzabin Lassa --cutar jini mai dauke da kwayar cutar -- ya tashi daga Yammacin Afirka ta London zuwa Newark. Ya kwashe kwanaki uku yana jinya kuma ya ci gaba da samun zazzabi, sanyi, ciwon makogwaro, gudawa da ciwon baya a cikin jiragensa. Kamfanin jirgin bai kai rahoton lamarin ga CDC ba, in ji Cetron. A cikin sa'o'i kadan da isa Amurka, mutumin ya kwanta a asibiti. Yana da zafin jiki na digiri 103.6 kuma ya mutu bayan 'yan kwanaki.

Bugu da kari, babu wani fasinja da ya kamu da cutar. Amma wasu ƴan bincike sun tattara lamuran da aka bazu cikin manyan cututtuka a cikin jiragen sama, waɗanda suka haɗa da tarin fuka, mura da SARS.

A mafi yawan lokuta, labaran kimiyya sun ƙunshi lamari guda ɗaya. To sau nawa ake yada cututtuka a cikin jirgin sama?

"Kuna tambayar duk wanda ke tashi kuma duk suna jin cewa wannan muhalli ne sanadin," in ji Spengler na Harvard. “Amma wace hujja muke da ita? Abin takaici, ba mu da wata hujja da yawa sai ga waɗannan binciken.”

Spengler wani bangare ne na Cibiyar Nazari ta Jami'o'i da yawa don Binciken Muhalli na Jirgin Sama, wanda ke nazarin yadda ƙananan ɗigon ruwa ke bazuwa a cikin jiragen sama don ƙirƙira ingantattun hanyoyin ƙazantawa ga saman jirgin.

Yayin da ake tattara bayanan kimiyya, Spengler, kamar sauran tafiye-tafiye da masana kiwon lafiya, yana ɗaukar nasa matakan kariya. "Ina sha'awar wanke hannuna," in ji shi. Kuma yana amfani da tawul ɗin takarda don buɗe ƙofar falon.

Idan matafiyi ya nuna alamun kamuwa da cuta, Spengler ya ɗaga bututun iskar da ke saman kujerarsa don hura matattarar iska a cikin hanyarsa. "Na gwammace in sami wannan ƴan ƙarin kariya fiye da a'a."

MARASA LAFIYA A FILIN JIRGIN SAMA

Likitoci tare da Sashen Ceto Wuta na Atlanta suna amsa kusan kiran gaggawa 4,000 a shekara wanda ya shafi mutane a Filin Jirgin Sama na Hartsfield-Jackson. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Atlanta ya yi amfani da Dokar Buɗaɗɗen Rubuce-rubucen Jojiya don samun bayanan ma'aikatar bayanai na rahotanni na 2007 da 2008. Rahoton ba ya ba da alamun cutar, wanda galibi yana buƙatar aikin lab da aka yi a wani wuri. Ga kadan:

> Matukin jirgi mara lafiya: A watan Maris, wani matukin jirgi mai shekaru 24 yana fama da mura da alamun mura, gami da zazzabi, tsawon kwana guda. Ya tafi aiki duk da haka. Bayan saukar jirginsa a Atlanta, sai ya suma. Wani ma’aikacin jirgin ya shaida wa likitoci cewa ya yi waje na minti daya zuwa biyu. Ba a tantance matukin jirgin da jirgin ba a cikin bayanan.

> Tari mai ban tsoro: Wani mutum mai shekaru 37 ya gaya wa likitoci a watan Oktoba cewa yana jin zafi a jiki kuma yana tari kore sputum. Ya ce ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro a lokacin da yake aiki a Afirka kuma likitoci sun ba shi shawarar ya dawo Amurka don jinya saboda yanayinsa ba ya samun sauki.

> Zazzabi mai zafi: Wani matashi dan shekara 29 da ke fama da zazzabin 102.8, amai, tashin zuciya da amai ya shaida wa ma'aikatan jinya a watan Yuli cewa ya kamu da kwayar cutar kwanaki biyar da suka wuce kuma ya daina shan magani.

Suma yayin jira: Yayin da yake tsaye a kan layi a wani kantin Delta, wani matashi mai shekaru 26 ya mutu a watan Janairu, yana tsinke hakori a kan tebur yayin da ya fadi. Mutumin ya shaida wa likitoci cewa an gano cewa yana da ciwon makogwaro kwanaki da suka wuce kuma ya ce har yanzu yana fama da zazzabi.

> Kashin kaji mai yiwuwa: Jami’an hukumar kwastam sun kira likitoci a watan Agusta domin duba wani yaro dan shekara 4 da ya taho daga Najeriya tare da mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya ce yana iya kamuwa da cutar kajin.

ABIN DA ZA KA IYA YI

"Ba za ku iya sarrafa abin da mutane ke kawowa a cikin jirgin sama ba, amma kuna iya samun iko," in ji Heidi Giles MacFarlane, mataimakin shugaban sabis na mayar da martani na duniya na MedAire, kamfanin da ke ba da shawarwarin likita ga kamfanonin jiragen sama.

A bara MedAire ta sami kira sama da 17,000 a cikin jirgi daga kamfanonin jiragen sama na duniya 74 da yake yi wa hidima.

Masana balaguro da kiwon lafiya suna ba da shawara:

> Kada ku yi tafiya idan ba ku da lafiya. Yi tunani game da sauran fasinjoji waɗanda ke da rauni musamman: Mutanen da ke da tsarin rigakafi sun raunana ta hanyar cututtuka, maganin ciwon daji ko dasawa; kananan yara da tsofaffi.

> Faɗa wa kamfanin jirgin ku: Jiragen sama na wani lokaci suna ƙyale fasinja marasa lafiya su jinkirta ko canza jirginsu su bar kowane kuɗi, amma suna yin hakan bisa ga al'ada kuma suna iya buƙatar bayanin likita.

ABIN DA ZA KA IYA YI

> Sayi inshorar tafiya. A lokacin da kuke yin tafiye-tafiye, siyan inshora wanda ke biyan kuɗin tikitin ku idan kun yi rashin lafiya ko kuka ji rauni. Don tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje, samun inshorar balaguro wanda zai rufe ƙwarewar likita na Amurka.

> Wanke hannuwanku. Kuma yi shi da kyau: Da sabulu da dumi, ruwan gudu na akalla dakika 20. Ɗauki mai tsabtace hannu mai tushen barasa azaman madadin.

> Ka guji taɓa saman. Ba kowa ba ne ke wanke hannayensu a cikin gidan wanka - amma wataƙila sun kama hannun ƙofar lokacin da suka tafi. Yi amfani da tawul ɗin takarda don buɗe kofa. Kuma a guji taɓa wasu wuraren da za su iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar teburin tire na jirgin sama da na'urorin tikitin jirgin sama.

> Nemi wani wurin zama. Idan wani fasinja ya yi rashin lafiya har ya sa ka ji daɗi, ka yi magana. Faɗakar da ma'aikatan jirgin sama, musamman kafin hawa. Idan mutumin yana zaune kusa da ku, tambaya ko za a iya motsa ku.

> Samun maganin mura. Yayin da lokacin mura na gabatowa, har yanzu bai yi latti ba.

> Sanin cututtuka na gida. Idan tafiya zuwa wasu ƙasashe, kuna iya buƙatar wasu allurai ko magunguna don kare ku. CDC tana da cikakken shawara a: wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/default.aspx