Dangantakar Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Afirka a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata sun zama daya daga cikin masu ci gaba da karfin gwiwa kan dangantakar siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a duniya.
A Afirka an shirya ayyukan biliyoyin daloli don aiwatarwa wadanda suka hada da samar da ababen hawa, filayen jirgin sama, makamashi, ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, jirgin sama, masana'antu, hakar ma'adanai kuma hakika, babban taimako ga bangarori daban-daban na kayan ababen more rayuwa kamar gina wasu Hedikwatar Tarayyar Afirka miliyan a Addis Ababa, Habasha.
Shakka babu dangantakar Sin da Afirka ta ginu ne bisa fa'idojin juna. Waɗannan ci gaba na asali, alal misali, suna zuwa ne a bayan China bayan da suka ba da fa'ida kuma suka ba da dala biliyan 60 a ƙarshen 2015 wanda aka ba da shi ga masana'antu da zamanantar da nahiyar. Darajar kasuwanci tsakanin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Afirka ta haɓaka abin da ya kai dala biliyan 200 a shekarar 2014. Baya ga dala biliyan 60 da aka samu a ƙarƙashin Taron Hadin gwiwar Sin da Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu a watan Disambar 2015, an riga an zuba biliyoyin daloli. zuwa bunkasa ababen more rayuwa a kasashen Afirka daban-daban.
Wannan tallafin yana da mahimmanci don sauya fuskar Afirka ta fuskar kasuwanci. Gabaɗaya, ci gaban Afirka ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ake magana a kansu, kuma ɗayansu shine haɗin kai wanda ke hulɗa da haɗa haɗin kayayyakin sufurin ƙasa, hanyoyin sadarwar da kuma daidaita manufofin cikin gida don sauƙaƙe kasuwanci da saka hannun jari a cikin Afirka da ma wasu ƙasashe.
Babban abin mamakin shi ne, girman nahiyar da banbance-banbance na shimfidar wuri, suna ba da babbar dama da kalubale. Dangane da girma, nahiyar ba ta da kyakkyawar alaka ta fuskar ababen hawa, layin dogo, iska da ruwa - wanda hakan na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke hana ta ci gaba, da sauya fasali, da zamanantar da ita.
A sikeli, nahiyar ba ta da iyaka kasancewar kasashe da yawa sun yanke daga tashoshin jiragen sama da na ruwa, kuma wahalar jigilar kayayyaki daga wata kasa zuwa waccan yana kawo cikas ga cinikayyar tsakanin nahiyoyin da aka kiyasta ya kai 15% cikin sau biyu Afirka (Bankin Raya Afirka, 2017).
A dunkule, 'yan Afirka da masu sayayya suna jure wajan wadannan matsaloli na kasuwanci da kasuwanci, hade da cinikayya da banbancin siyasa wanda hakan ya kara iyakance hadin kai tsakanin da tsakanin kasashe - amma godiya ga Taron Tarayyar Afirka na Kigali na shekarar 2018 wanda Shugabannin Kasashen Afirka suka amince da shi. ga Afirka Yankin Kasuwancin Yankin Nahiyar (CFTA), an yarjejeniya wanda aka sanya shi daidai da na Tarayyar Turai, da nufin share fagen kasuwar 'yanci ga kayayyaki da aiyuka a duk faɗin nahiyar. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa Zimbabwe a karkashin Shugabancin Cde Emmerson Mnangagwa, ta sanya hannu kan CFTA. Na yanki, gwamnati ta hanyar tallafin kamfanonin kasar Sin tana kan aikin gina hanyoyi da samar da makamashi wanda zai taimaka sosai wajen tabbatar da masana'antu, kasuwanci, da kasuwanci don inganta.
Haƙiƙa cewa tsadar kasuwanci ana samun sahihiyar dalilai waɗanda daga cikin waɗancan abubuwan sun haɗa da haraji, jinkirin kan iyaka, jinkirin jigilar kayayyaki da rashawa. Koyaya, babban kalubalen shine idan babu ingantattun hanyoyin sufuri ta fuskar jirgin kasa, hanya, da kuma iska, kaya zaiyi wahala yacika daga wani yanki zuwa wancan a cikin yanayin da tattalin arzikin mu yake dogaro sosai. Don haka, kayayyaki sun kasa isa inda ake so akan lokaci, balle lalacewarsu a hanya sakamakon rashin ingantattun hanyoyi da hanyoyin jirgin kasa, wadanda ke kara tsadar gudanar da kasuwanci a Afirka da kuma rage inganci.
Haƙiƙa cewa, saka hannun jari na ƙasar Sin a cikin kayayyakin Afirka ta hanyar babban burin Belt da Road Initiative (BRI), a ƙarshe yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar haɗin kan yankuna. A takaice, China Brief ta nuna a fili cewa gina babbar hanyar Gabas da Yammacin Afirka babbar hanya ce wacce hanyoyin sadarwar zamani za su taimaka wajen samar da ingantacciyar hanyar hada-hadar Gabas da Yamma a cikin dogon lokaci.
A cikin gajeren lokaci zuwa tsakiyar, saka hannun jarin da ake yi a hanyoyin ababen hawa da gaske za su saita hanyoyin zirga-zirga na Gabas da Yamma a matsayin babbar rudani wacce za ta zama maganin ci gaban kasuwanci da kasuwanci a Afirka.
An yi tunanin cewa tsarin hada-hadar Gabas da Yamma da ke hanyar Trans-Africa Highway 5 zai bayyana a cikin ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci don cinikayya zuwa cikakkiyar nahiya don babbar hanyar Afirka ta jigilar kashin bayan Afirka wacce ke iya canza dangantakar kasuwanci tsakanin Afirka .
Hanyar tara manyan hanyoyin an ce tun farko Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta fitar da su a shekarar 1971 kuma a halin yanzu hukumar tana aiwatar da su tare da Tarayyar Afirka, Bankin Raya Kasashen Afirka da masu ruwa da tsaki na waje. Babbar hanyar ta hada Dakar, a Senegal, zuwa babban birnin N'djamena na Chadi, kimanin kilomita 4,500. Ya ratsa kasashe bakwai, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Kamaru, da Chadi.
A Kudancin Afirka, kasashe daban-daban suna samun kudaden gina filayen jirgin sama a game da kasar Zimbabwe, Filin jirgin saman Victoria Falls da aka kammala har zuwa dala miliyan 150 daga China, kyakkyawan misali ne. Har ila yau kasar Sin na tallafawa sake fasali da fadada filin jirgin sama na Robert Gabriel Mugabe, kuma a Zambiya, Filin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Kenneth Kaunda ya kusa kammala. Beenarin tallafi an saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan makamashi, kuma wannan zai nuna babban canji ga ci gaba tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka.
Cimma ci gaban Afirka ba aiki ne mai sauƙi ba, kuma sauye-sauyen na zuwa tare da sadaukarwa don tabbatar da cewa saka hannun jari na China ya ga hasken rana. An yi farin ciki da cewa, tallafawa Sin da Afirka ya dogara ne da mutunta juna da hadin kai, sabanin ra'ayin cewa Afirka na fuskantar wata barazanar mallakar Sino. Wannan na da dabara. Idan aka shiga nan gaba, tattalin arzikin Afirka zai samu fa'ida ta hanyar kyautatawa ta fuskar gogayya da tattalin arziki da kuma bunkasa harkokin kasuwanci tsakanin Afirka da ma wasu kasashen.
Game da marubucin:
Dr. Darlington Muzeza
Dr. Muzeza memba ne na sabuwar da aka kafa Hukumar yawon shakatawa ta Afirka
ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- In general terms, African citizens and consumers endure the brunt of these trade and commerce difficulties, coupled with trade and policy dissonance that also further limit cooperation between and among countries – but thanks to the 2018 Kigali African Union Summit at which African Heads of State acceded to the African Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA), an agreement cast in the same way as the European Union, aimed at paving the way for a liberalized market for goods and services across the continent.
- A sikeli, nahiyar ba ta da iyaka kasancewar kasashe da yawa sun yanke daga tashoshin jiragen sama da na ruwa, kuma wahalar jigilar kayayyaki daga wata kasa zuwa waccan yana kawo cikas ga cinikayyar tsakanin nahiyoyin da aka kiyasta ya kai 15% cikin sau biyu Afirka (Bankin Raya Afirka, 2017).
- A cikin gajeren lokaci zuwa tsakiyar, saka hannun jarin da ake yi a hanyoyin ababen hawa da gaske za su saita hanyoyin zirga-zirga na Gabas da Yamma a matsayin babbar rudani wacce za ta zama maganin ci gaban kasuwanci da kasuwanci a Afirka.
