Rashin Lafiya na Ruwa: Shin Jirgin Ruwa Har Yanzu Kasuwanci ne Mai Farin Ciki?

Masana'antar jirgin ruwa a gaban COVID-19 sun samar da dala biliyan 134 a cikin tafiye-tafiye da kuma yawon buɗe ido wanda ya haifar da iseungiyar Internationalasashen Duniya ta Cruise Lines (CLIA) don yin fentin makoma mai kyau. Wannan ya kasance kafin COVID-19.

Kafin COVID-19, kusan sakonni miliyan 351 tare da alamar #travel akan Instagram an samar dasu ne daga masu tafiye tafiye masu farin ciki. Fasinjoji sun tallafa wa shirye-shiryen lafiya ciki har da sandunan oxygen, zaɓukan menu masu kyau, da damar dacewa. Jirgin girki na cikin jirgi da ayyukan hawa sun sami karbuwa sosai. Kodayake an san masana'antar jirgin ruwa saboda gurɓata ruwan da yake cikin jirgin, amma masana'antar ta yanke shawarar cewa aikin da take yi da al'ummomin yankin ya taimaka wajen kiyaye wuraren tarihi kuma ya rage sawun muhalli. Yawancin mata suna tafiya kuma an haɗa alamun mata a cikin wuraren shakatawa. Matafiya mata kuma sun kasance kasuwar ci gaba ga masana'antar, suna faɗaɗa sosai fiye da tsofaffi da balagaggun balaguron balaguro.

Kafin COVID-19 kowace shekara, sama da mutane miliyan 30 ke ɓatar da lokacinsu da kuɗinsu a kan jiragen ruwa na membobin jirgin ruwa 272 CLIA. Kafin COVID-19, masana'antar ta tallafa wa ayyuka 1,108,676 da ke wakiltar dala biliyan 45 a cikin albashi da albashi, samar da dala biliyan 134 a duk duniya (2017) da CLIA sun yi hasashen makoma mai kyau ga masana'antar da ke samun kafofin watsa labaru da maido da tafiye-tafiye masu daidaitawa, yana mai lura da cewa takwas daga cikin goma da aka tabbatar da CLIA. wakilai masu tafiya suna tsammanin girma a cikin jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa na 2020.

Kai tsaye: Petri Tasa

Ko da kafin COVID-19, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, marubutan labarai da marubutan mujallu, hukumomin gwamnati da likitocin / likitocin kiwon lafiya sun ba da rahoto, da kyau da kuma bayyane, game da yiwuwar lafiyar gaggawa da gaggawa yayin da suke cikin jirgi; Koyaya, wannan bai hana yawancin mutane ba daga bada katunan su na bashi da zare kudi don hawa jirgi ba.

Ko da COVID-19 bai kasance mai hanawa ba. Gwamnatoci, cibiyoyin ilimi, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a, gami da likitocin kiwon lafiya da kwararru kan kula da lafiya suna magance hatsarin jirgin ruwa da kuma hatsarin da ke da nasaba da kiwon lafiya ga fasinjoji da matukan jirgin; duk da haka dalla-dalla kuma mummunan labarin da ke ba da gargaɗin gida da na duniya, mutane daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna ɗokin jiran layukan jiragen ruwa don sake shiga kasuwar tafiya.

COVID-19 Jirgin ruwa

Wani rahoto na COVID-19 na kwanan nan daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ya ƙaddara cewa lambobin cutar na duniya sun ba da rahoton cewa ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Agusta, 2020, jimlar mutane 22, 728,255 aka tabbatar da su a duniya, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar 793,810. Kamar yadda daga Agusta 1, 2020, jiragen ruwa sun kawo rahoton karar 22,415 na COVID-19, tare da mutuwar 789.

A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC), yanayin jirgin ruwan ya dace da yaduwar cuta. Shaidun kimiyya na yau da kullun suna nuna gaskiyar cewa jiragen ruwa suna da haɗarin watsa COVID-19 fiye da sauran mahalli saboda:

1. Yawaitar yawan jama'a a cikin jirgi (yawanci yafi yawan birane da sauran yanayin rayuwa)
2. Rayuwa da yanayin aiki na ƙungiya (kusa da kwata-kwata a cikin keɓaɓɓen yanayin inda nisantar zamantakewar kusan ba zai yuwu cimma ba)
3. Rashin fasinjoji amma fasinjojin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar daga kasa zuwa kasa ta hanyar balaguron gani da ido
4. Boye yaduwar kwayar cutar tsakanin ma'aikatan daga wannan tafiya zuwa wata da kuma ga al'ummomin duniya
5. Mutanen 65 + a cikin haɗari mafi girma don sakamako mai tsanani daga COVID-19, babbar kasuwa ce ta masu jigilar fasinja
6. Resourcesarancin kayan aikin likita

Me ya faru

Tun daga Maris 2020, manyan ɓarkewar annobar suna da alaƙa da jiragen ruwa guda uku kuma akwai haɗin haɗi zuwa ƙarin jiragen ruwa a duk faɗin Amurka. An bayar da rahoton watsa shirye-shiryen a kan tafiye-tafiye da yawa daga jirgi zuwa membobin membobin, suna tasiri a kan matukan jirgin da fasinjojin.

Kodayake babban yaduwar cutar ta COVID-19 an danganta shi ne ga Wuhan, China, musantawa ce sannan kuma jinkirin mayar da martani ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, Shugaban Amurka na yanzu, Donald Trump, da kuma rashin kulawa ta farko sannan kuma rashin karfin amsar masana'antun jiragen ruwa wadanda suka baiwa kwayar damar shawo kanta da yaduwa cikin sauri zuwa kasashe da yankuna 187.

Gimbiya Gimbiya ta rubuta babban rukuni na farko a wajen kasar China (kebantacce a tashar jirgin ruwan Yokohama, Japan) a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2020. A ranar 6 ga Maris, an gano COVID-19 a kan Grand Princess kusa da gabar California (jirgi ya kasance keɓewa). A ranar 17 ga Maris, an gano alamun COVID a kan wasu jiragen ruwa akalla 25.

Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) ta fara ba da gargaɗin Babu-Go a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu zuwa Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. A ranar 8 ga Maris, an fadakar da gargaɗin ya haɗa da jinkirta jinkirin duk balaguron balaguro a duniya don mutanen da ke da mahimmancin yanayin lafiya da / ko 65 +, kuma a ƙarshe, a ranar 17 ga Maris, CDC ta ba da shawarar cewa a jinkirta duk balaguron tafiyar a duk duniya.

Gimbiya ta Gimbiya da Gimbiya Gimbiya suna da shari’a sama da 800 COVID-19; Mutane 10 sun mutu. Daga ranar 3 ga Fabrairu-13 ga Maris a Amurka, kimanin maganganu 200 aka tabbatar a tsakanin matafiya daga jirgi da yawa wanda ya kai kashi 17 na jimillar Amurka da aka ruwaito a lokacin. A Diamond Princess sama da mutane 700 sun kamu da cutar; Mutane 14 suka mutu. Tun daga watan Fabrairu, an shigar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na duniya da yawa a cikin rahotonnin shari'ar COVID-19, gami da aƙalla shari'oi 60 a Amurka daga balaguron Kogin Nilu a Masar.

Emoƙarin Farko

Jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun lura da barkewar cutar kuma sun yi tunani kan damar yaduwar cutar da kuma kokarin takaita yaduwa tsakanin fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin. Amsoshin sun haɗa da: daidaitawar masu ruwa da tsaki a sassa daban-daban ciki har da sassa da hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka daban-daban, ministan lafiya na ƙasashen waje, ofisoshin jakadancin ƙasashen waje, sassan lafiya na jihohi da na gida, asibitoci, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da kamfanonin jiragen ruwa.

Jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi tsammanin yaduwar cutar yayin saukar jirgin da dawowa. Untatawa sun haɗa da iyakance game da tafiye-tafiye da fasinjoji da ma'aikata, kariya da kamuwa da cuta (gami da PPE na likitoci da ma'aikatan tsaftacewa), ƙyamar ɗakuna da ake zargi da kamuwa da cuta, musayar bayanai, da binciken tuntuɓar tsakanin matafiya masu dawowa na Amurka da ake zargi da cutar ko kuma sun kamu da cutar. .

Babbar Matsala: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa

Aya daga cikin dalilai da yawa da cewa sarrafa COVID-19 da sauran cututtukan cututtuka a cikin jirgi yana da ƙalubale da wahalar kamawa shine ƙirar jirgin. Halin da ke sa ƙasa da yuwuwar nitsewa a zahiri yana ƙaruwa da saurin yaduwar iska mai ɗauke da iska tsakanin fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin.

Don kare jirgi daga ambaliyar ruwa, an raba wuraren zuwa kananan bangarori da yawa tare da samun iska mara kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran kewayen wurare (watau gidaje, ofisoshi, shaguna). Idan jirgi ya fara nitsewa, ana iya rufe sararin da sauri kuma a rufe shi don kiyaye jirgin; duk da haka, lokacin da jirgi ya sami labarin barkewar wata cuta mai dauke da numfashi, kusancin mutane a cikin wadannan bangarorin matattakala da iska mara kyau suna samar da kyakkyawan yanayi ga irin wannan cuta don saurin cikin fasinjoji da matukan jirgin.

Ya isa ko A'a

Shawarwarin CDC sun ba da shawarar cewa masana'antar kewayawa suna haɓakawa, aiwatarwa da aiwatar da aiki mai ƙarfi da tsare tsare don hanawa, ragewa, da kuma amsa yaduwar COVID-19, lokacin da / idan aka basu izinin sake farawa. Matakan suna gudana sanannen gamut daga horo, sa ido, gwaji, nesantawa, keɓewa da keɓewa don haɓaka ma'aikatan likita, wadatar PPE, kimantawa a cikin teku da asibiti - duk hanyar har zuwa sanarwar gida, ta jiha da ta ƙasa, da kuma jama'a hukumomin kiwon lafiya lokacin da fasinja da / ko ma'aikatan jirgin ba su da lafiya.

Canji Mai yiwuwa / Mai yiwuwa

Don rage yaduwar COVID-19, kowane memba na ƙungiya yakamata ya sami masauki guda ɗaya tare da dakunan wanka masu zaman kansu. Ya kamata ƙungiya su sa maskin fuska a kowane lokaci yayin waje da ɗakuna daban-daban. Ya kamata a gyara sabis na abinci don sauƙaƙe nisantar jama'a ta hanyar sake fasalin wurin cin abinci, lokutan cin abinci mai wahala, da ƙarfafa cin abinci a cikin gida. Zaɓukan cin abinci na kai da kai ya kamata a share.

Duk da yake tafiye-tafiye na gabar teku babbar hanya ce ta samun kudin shiga, suna gabatar da dama ga ma'aikata da fasinjoji don samun da / ko yada cutar, don haka ya kamata a rage waɗannan damar. Ya kamata a yanke ƙa'idodi na zamantakewa, kamar musafiha da runguma yayin da ake ƙarfafa tsabtar hannu da ƙa'idodin tari. Ga duka fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin, wuraren wankin hannu ya kamata su kasance wadatattu da sabulun da ke da alaƙa da fata, tawul ɗin takarda da kuma akwatunan shara.

Tun kafin tafiya, ya kamata fasinjoji da matukan jirgin su sami kwarin gwiwa don kawar da amfani da sigari, sigarin e-siga, bututu, da kuma sigari mara hayaki domin suna iya haifar da haɓaka hulɗa tsakanin hannaye da bakin da ke iya gurɓata; guje wa waɗannan kayan na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

Nauyi

Idan kun yi rashin lafiya, masu jigilar kaya ne ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar mutanen da ke dauke da cutar a jirgin, gami da wadanda ke bukatar asibiti. Don ba da taimakon gaggawa na gaggawa ba a cikin jirgi masu gudanar da jirgi ne ke aiki tare da cibiyar kula da lafiya ta gefen teku, hukumar tashar jiragen ruwa, US Coast Coast da kuma ma'aikatar lafiya ta jihar / ta gida, kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Jerin Binciken Fasinja. Abin da Za a Yi tsammani

1. An shirya jigilar likita zuwa tashar likitancin gefen gefen gaba kuma cikin daidaituwa tare da karɓar kayan aiki. - Marasa lafiya dole ne su sanya abin rufe fuska yayin aiwatar da saukowar jirgin da kuma yayin jigilar su
2. Duk ma'aikatan da zasu yi rakiya su sanya PPE
3. Gangway ya kori sauran ma'aikatan har sai marassa lafiya ya sauka
4. Hanya don saukowa, duk wani wuri da zai iya gurɓata (watau handrails) shima hanya da duk wani kayan aiki da ake amfani da su (watau, keken guragu) yakamata a tsaftace su kuma a lalata musu cutar nan take bayan saukarsu.

Ruwan Mara lafiya. Babu Mamaki

Ko da kafin COVID-19, mutane sun yi rashin lafiya wasu kuma sun mutu a cikin teku. A cewar ofishin mai binciken likita na Broward County, inda duk wani mutuwa a jirgin ruwan da ya tsaya a Fort Lauderdale na Port Everglades dole ne a ba da rahoto, kimanin mutane 91 sun mutu a cikin jiragen ruwan da suka isa Fort Lauderdale tsakanin 2014 da 2017. Majiyoyin da ba a san su ba sun ba da rahoton har zuwa mutane uku suna mutuwa a kowane mako a kan balaguro a duk duniya, musamman a kan layi tare da tsofaffin fasinjoji kuma yawancin waɗanda suka mutu daga cututtukan zuciya ne.

Fean Misalai kaɗan

hoto daga barfblog.com

A watan Janairun 2019, CNN ta ba da rahoton cewa a kan manyan jiragen ruwa na Carnival guda huɗu (an yi nazari a kan tsawon shekaru 2), ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin halittar da aka auna ta kasance "kwatankwacin abubuwan da aka auna a biranen da suka ƙazantu, ciki har da Beijing da Santiago" (Ryan Kennedy, Mataimakin Farfesa, Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Bloomberg). Shayewar jirgi ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu haɗari da suka haɗa da ƙarfe da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, yawancinsu suna da mai guba, mai yuwuwar haifar da cututtukan da ke haifar da cutar kansa.

Wani abin da ya faru a watan Janairun 2019, Insignia (Oceania) ya gaza duba tsaftar muhalli wanda ya gudanar da masu kula da Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Amurka a cikin Disamba 17, 2018. Rahoton ya gano cewa yawancin wuraren da ake saduwa da abinci a cikin jirgin sun yi datti sosai, da ƙura da datti; ba a gina sassan firiji ba don matsayin kayan aikin abinci kuma akwai ƙudaje da sauran kwari da aka samu a wuraren sabis na abinci. An adana abubuwan abinci masu haɗarin gaske a yanayin da bai dace ba. Tukunyar ruwan daskararren ruwa ba dukiya aka gwada don pH ko halogen ba kuma kayan gwajin basu da tsari.

A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2019, kaftin na MSC Divina ya ba da rahoton yawan matsalolin da ke faruwa a ciki. A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2019 CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa Viking Star na da 36 (na fasinjoji 904) kuma 1 (na ma’aikata 461) ba su da lafiya kuma a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2019, CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa fasinjoji 83 (na 2193) da 8 (na 905 ma'aikatan jirgin) an ba da rahoton rashin lafiya.

A watan Maris na 2019, a cikin Silja Galaxy, an kama wani mutum mai shekaru 50 da ake zargi da fyade a jirgin ruwan da ke tsakanin Stockholm da Finland. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na PR Newswire ya ruwaito cewa an ba wa wata mata ma’aikaciyar kwaya, bugun taushi, duka, duka da wuya ta yi mata fyade a yayin da take aiki a layin Jirgin Ruwa na Norwegian the M / V Norwegian Pearl. ‘Yan sanda sun kame maharin kuma ya amsa laifinsa.

An gabatar da NCL tare da karar da ke ikirarin cewa a tsawon shekarun da suka gabata kafin fyaden, akwai abubuwa da yawa na cin zarafin jima'i da batirin jima'i, gami da fyade na ma'aikatan jirgin da fasinjoji a kan jiragen ruwan na NCLs. Karar ta ce NCL ta san cewa an yi amfani da magungunan fyade kwanan wata a cikin wasu fyade na jirgin ruwa na ma'aikatan mata da fasinjoji.

CDC tayi bincike game da barkewar cutar 13 na cututtukan ciki kamar E Coli da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu yayin da annobar mura da kaza suka zama gama-gari. A watan Mayu 2019, an lura da kyanda a yawon shakatawa na Scientology. A cikin wannan shekarar, Carnival Cruises ta kasa binciken tsabtace muhalli na laifukan da suka hada da "ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa" daga shawa a cibiyar kiwon lafiya da kayayyakin aikin abinci mara tsabta.

kama a tarko

Daya daga cikin matsaloli da yawa da ke fuskantar fasinjoji marasa lafiya da ma’aikata a jirgin ruwa shi ne cewa babu abin da zai sa su; A bayyane yake kai fursuna ne a jirgin kuma ya dogara da likitocin kwangila wadanda ke karbar kudade masu yawa wadanda mafi akasarin tsare-tsaren inshorar lafiya ba zasu iya biyan su ba.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa likitocin jirgin ruwa galibi ba kwararru bane; an hayar da ƙungiyar likitancin don magance matsaloli kamar norovirus kuma da wuya su zama ƙwararrun gaggawa. Lokaci na asibiti yana da iyaka (watau, 9 AM-Noon; 3-6 PM) kuma a ranakun tashar jiragen ruwa ana iya ƙayyade lokutan. Doctorsila likitocin ba sa iya Turanci sosai kuma hakan na iya kawo cikas ga taimako a mawuyacin yanayi.

Kafin yin ajiyar wuri da kullewa cikin ajiyar jirgin ruwa, bincika tare da mai inshorar lafiyar ku don sanin idan ɗaukar hoto ya haɗa da batutuwan likitancin ƙasar; yi tambaya, "Idan na yi rashin lafiya / rauni, yaya ake rufe ni?"

Yawancin fasinjoji ba sa sayen inshorar tafiye-tafiye, idan sun saya, za su adana dubban daloli. Bayanin gargaɗi: Zai fi kyau a sake duba zaɓuɓɓuka tare da masu samar da masu zaman kansu maimakon tsoho don inshorar tafiya daga kamfanin jirgin ruwa ko wakilin tafiya.

Me Ya Kamata Na Yi?

Yi haɗari? Fasinjoji dole ne su zama masu binciken kansu kuma su rubuta abin da ya faru tare da hotuna (bidiyo) na inda faɗuwar ta faru da kuma shaidar ido. Dole ne a tattara bayanan kula da lafiyar jirgi tare da kwafin imel zuwa lauyoyi na sirri. Idan layin jirgin ruwa yana da fom na rauni na fasinja wanda ke tambaya musamman abin da fasinjan zai iya yi don hana haɗarin, lauyoyi sun ba da shawarar cewa a bar wannan sarari fanko saboda hanya ce ta layin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na ƙoƙarin sauya laifi game da hatsarin ko rauni.

Ana iya aika fasinjoji daga jirgin don kulawar likita kuma a wasu yanayi, wannan ba kyakkyawan zaɓi bane. Za a sauke fasinjojin da ke fama da matsalolin rashin lafiya a tashar jirgi mai zuwa don taimako. Idan tasha ta kasance New Jersey - wannan ba matsala bane; duk da haka, idan tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta ƙasan waje, wataƙila ba. Fasinjoji na iya kin sauka daga jirgin idan basu da tabbas game da matakin kula da lafiya da ake samu a tashar jirgin ruwan. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a kowane yanayi, layin jirgin ruwa zai yi abin da dole ne ya kare kansa; fasinjoji su yi hakan.

Shin Ya Kamata Ka Tsaya Ko Ya Kamata Ka Je?

Matafiya da ke tunanin hawa jirgi a cikin 2021 ya kamata su auna haɗari da lada. Akwai matakan da layin jirgin ruwa zai iya ɗauka, gami da inganta tsarin HVAC, ta amfani da saman rigakafin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da yadudduka (daga sofa da kujeru har tufafin ƙungiya), wajabta abubuwan rufe fuska da nisantar zaman jama'a; duk da haka, yana da wuya sosai (aƙalla a takaice), ƙirar jirgin zata canza. Ananan ɗakunan da ba su da tagogi da iska mai sake zagayawa suna iya kasancewa kyakkyawan yanayi don yaɗuwar cuta. COVID-19 ba kyakkyawar ƙwarewa bane kuma yana iya kawowa - rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci.

Akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a yi hutu, daga gidajen haya na RV da wuraren hutu tare da duka zuwa Airbnbs da zangon waje. A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihi, masana'antar jirgin ruwa ba ta iya ba da tabbacin cewa yanayin jirgin yana da cikakkiyar aminci. Ya rage ga kowane mutum ya yi nasa shawarar. Hakanan ya kamata a ba da la'akari da gaskiyar cewa mummunar annobar da kamfanonin jiragen ruwa suka yi ta ba da gudummawa ga rikice-rikicen tattalin arzikin duniya. Makomar masana'antar jirgin ruwa ba a bayyana ta ba. Fasinjoji da shuwagabannin kamfanoni duk suna mamakin abin da zai faru nan gaba.

Ya yanke shawarar yin ajiyar jirgin ruwa? Tabbatar kuna da isasshen inshorar tafiye-tafiye wanda zai rufe duk damar rashin lafiya da haɗari a gare ku da danginku duka; COVID-19 baya nuna wariya.

Motsa jirgin ya kasance ba bisa doka ba a Amurka a wannan lokacin.

E Dakta Elinor a hankali. Wannan labarin haƙƙin mallaka, gami da hotuna, ba za a sake buga shi ba tare da rubutaccen izini daga marubucin ba.

#tasuwa