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Masu bincike - daga Jami'ar Purdue da Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison tare da haɗin gwiwar farawa Pivot Bio - sun nuna yadda amfani da kwayoyin halitta da aka gyara zai iya samar da isasshen iskar nitrogen don amfanin gona kamar masara tare da yiwuwar rage 40 fam na takin nitrogen roba amfani yayin da cimma daidai gwargwado na yawan amfanin gona.
A tarihi, in ji farfesa a kimiyyar muhalli a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan Dokta Bruno Basso, sarrafa nitrogen ya kasance mai wahala - saboda tsarin ƙasa-shuke-shuke-yanayin yanayi yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi. Kuma yanzu takin nitrogen yana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa: yadda za a riƙe mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa, rashin hasashen yanayi, har ma da yadda ake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki. Wannan sabuwar fasaha tana neman shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin da haɓaka duka samarwa da dorewar muhalli.
Haƙiƙanin ci gaban ya ta'allaka ne a cikin amfani da "diazotrophs," ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda za su iya canza yanayin yanayi ta halitta zuwa ammonium. Wannan tsari, wanda aka fi sani da Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), ya kasance babban tushen nitrogen ga amfanin gona kafin zuwan takin zamani. Diaotrophs, duk da haka, waɗanda siffofin asalinsu sun ƙunshi yawancin diazotrophs, suna rage aikin gyaran nitrogen idan an fallasa su zuwa matakan nitrogen na tsawon lokaci. Masu bincike na Pivot Bio a yanzu sun ƙera diazotrophs da aka gyara ta kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke ci gaba da yin BNF ko da a manyan matakan nitrogen, suna haɓaka isar da nitrogen kai tsaye zuwa amfanin gona.
A cikin ainihin wannan fasaha, Pivot Bio yana ba da PROVEN® 40, samfur na ƙarni na biyu yana amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gyara don daidaita yanayin yanayi mai kyau ko da a cikin ƙasa da aka haɗe ta hanyar synthetically. Gwaje-gwaje a cikin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje da saitunan filin sun gano nitrogen na yanayi zuwa chlorophyll ganyen masara kuma sun tabbatar da cewa, a haƙiƙa, ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke kawo wannan nitrogen daga iska. Wannan bidi'a tana da ma'ana mai zurfi tun da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin PROVEN 40 suna da matakan nitrogen mafi girma a farkon kakar kuma suna buƙatar ƙarancin taki.
A cikin 2017, Pivot Bio ya faɗaɗa amfani da samfura sama da eka miliyan 13 a cikin Amurka ta wannan fuskar, yana nuna haɓakar haɓaka zuwa hanyoyin samar da iskar gas na muhalli. A cewar Dokta Basso, wannan fasaha na iya rage gurbacewar aikin gona sosai, don haka ba manoma kadai ke amfani da su ba, har ma da muhallin halittu da samar da abinci a duniya.
