Reshen Sufi na Musulunci - Sake gano al'adun Sufi

A farfajiyar da ke wajen Tijjani zawiya, cibiyar Sufanci a Fez, rabin gungun maza suna zaune a zagaye da'ira a kusa da tiren aluminum da aka cika da biredi, 'ya'yan itatuwa, madara da miya mai kauri da harira, suna jiran yin sallar al-Maghrib kafin su karya. sauri.

Daga cikin su akwai Abdul Hameed al Warhi mai shekaru 23, wanda ke aiki a masana'antar takalmi da rana, amma yana yawan lokacin hutu a nan, yana yin addu'a da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan sufanci tare da 'yan uwansa Sufaye, wadanda tsarin Musulunci ya mamaye kasar Morocco a da. raguwar tsakiyar karni na 20, yanzu yana jin daɗin wani abu na sake farfadowa.

Bayan addu'a da buda baki, Mista al Warhi, sanye da riga mai launin ruwan kasa da kuma bakar rigar wando, ya shiga cikin zawiya, wanda yayi kama da masallacin Moroko mai katangar bango da tabo mai gilashi.

A tsakiyar dakin, sandunan tagulla masu kauri da gajerun ginshiƙan marmara sun rufe kabarin Sidi Ahmed al Tijani, wanda ya kafa Dariƙar Sufanci a ƙarni na 19.

"[Sufanci] shine tsarkin niyya da tsayuwar zuciya," in ji Mista al Warhi, yana zaune a kan wata jan kafet na Farisa kusa da kabarin, wanda mabiya wannan tsari ke girmamawa, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga nesa kamar Senegal. , Mali, Gambiya da Mauritania.

Mista al Warhi yana daya daga cikin 'yan kasar Morocco da dama, musamman a tsakanin matasa, wadanda ke sake gano al'adun Sufanci, ci gaban da Mohammed VI, Sarkin Morocco ya gabatar.

Bangaren sufanci na Musulunci, tare da falsafarsa na zaman lafiya na ciki, da jituwa tsakanin al'umma da kadaita Allah, mutane da yawa a kasar Maroko suna kallonsa a matsayin mafi girman kiba ga irin wadannan tsauraran tafsirin Musulunci kamar Salafiyya, wanda ya samu gindin zama a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kamar tare da amsa bukatu na ruhin kasar.

"Yawancin mutanen da ke son yin riko da Musulunci suna bin akidun da ke kai su ga tsatsauran ra'ayi da kin wasu," in ji Mr al Warhi. "Amma Sufanci hanya ce ta zaman lafiya da gafara wacce ke kira ga tattaunawa da son wasu."

Daruruwan Sufaye galibi sun bambanta da tsarinsu na zikiri, wanda shi ne shiru – wato na cikin gida – ko na murya da ya dogara da maimaita addu’a ko sunaye da sifofin Ubangiji, wanda adadinsu ya kai 99 bisa ga al’adar Musulunci.

A hakikanin gaskiya Sufaye, kamar rassan ruhi na sauran addinai, suna kokarin samun kadaitaka ta ruhi da Allah, kuma zikiri, a cewarsu, abin hawa ne ke taimaka musu wajen cimma hakan.

"Idan na yi zikiri, nakan sami kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali," in ji Mr al Warhi. "Jini na ruhaniya wanda ba zan iya kwatanta muku ba."

A tsakiyar Sufi zawiya na odar Boutchchi da ke Madagh, wani karamin kauye a arewa maso gabashin kasar Maroko, mai tazarar kilomita 15 kawai daga yammacin Aljeriya, matasa masu ibada na zaune a da'ira bayan sun yi sallar al-Ishaa, wadda ita ce ta karshen yini. Sun fara rera waka akan soyayyar Ubangiji, ba tare da amfani da kayan kida ba.

Sautin yana da ƙarfi kuma mai ban sha'awa: "Ya yaya masu farin ciki ne waɗanda suka sami Allah kuma ba su ga kome ba a duniya sai shi," ya tafi layi ɗaya.

A yayin da ake ci gaba da rera wakar sai kara karfi, sannan a hankali samarin suka mike tsaye tare da dunkule hannayensu a bayan ’yan uwa, suna tsalle-tsalle cikin farin ciki. A karshen kowace baiti, wata murya mai karfi tana kadawa a ko'ina cikin harabar zawiya, wanda rufin rufin ya yi da tarkacen karfe. Muryar, da ƙarfi da shiga amma da ƙyar aka gane, ta ce "ah"; Haruffa na ƙarshe na kalmar Allah.

Sufaye suna cewa a cikin wannan yanayi mai cike da farin ciki duniya ta narke; kuma mutane suna mayar da martani ta hanyoyi daban-daban, na kwatsam, gami da tsalle-tsalle, juyi da gunaguni mai zurfi.

Ga Hassan Boumata, mai shekaru 17, daga Tiznit, wani gari a kudancin yankin Sous-Massa-Draa, saboda wannan farin ciki ne zai kasance Sufi koyaushe.

"Mutane da yawa suna neman farin ciki amma ainihin farin ciki da kwanciyar hankali yana cikin zikiri," in ji Hassan, wanda har yanzu yana makarantar sakandare.

Idan ana bukatar shahadar farfado da Sufanci a kasar Maroko, an ga a shekarar da ta gabata lokacin da masu ibada 100,000 suka sauka a Boutchichi zawiya domin bikin Moulid, ko kuma ranar haihuwar Annabi Muhammad.

Sufanci ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar al'adun Moroccan shekaru aru-aru. Ana ganin sufi zawiya da wuraren ibada na malaman Sufaye a ko'ina a cikin kasar. A cikin hamada, faffadan filayen noma da kwaruruka masu albarka, wuraren ibada na “mutane na Allah” suna fahariya.

Amma a cikin rabin karshen karni na 20, Sufanci ya ragu da adadi da tasiri saboda wasu dalilai, sakamakon bullar wasu nau'o'in akidu na duniya da na addini, ciki har da yunkurin Islama na farko a Maroko a 1969, wanda kungiyar 'yan uwa musulmi ta Masar ta yi tasiri.

Sai dai bayan harin bam da aka kai a Casablanca a shekara ta 2003 da 2007, wanda kungiyoyin masu jihadi suka yi ta hanyar fassarori na zahiri na Islama, gwamnatin Moroko ta rufe makarantun kur'ani da dama wadanda ake kyautata zaton cibiyoyi ne na wa'azin Salafiyya tare da matsawa jama'a damar sake farfado da sha'awar Sufanci.

A watan Yuli, Sarkin Morocco ya rubuta wa taron Sufaye na kasa da kasa a Marrakech yana mai cewa Sufaye "suna ba da shawarar hadin kai da aiki tare don tallafawa 'yan uwanmu, don nuna musu soyayya, 'yan uwantaka da tausayi".

Daular Alaouite da ke mulkin Maroko tun a shekara ta 1666, ta dauki Sufanci a matsayin babban tsarin addinin Musulunci na kasar.

An yi imani da kalmar Sufi an yi shi ne a cikin karni na takwas lokacin da aka yi amfani da ita ga masu shayarwa waɗanda suka sa tufafin ulun da ba su da dadi don cimma horo na ruhaniya. Sufi Larabci ne don ulu.

Tun da farko, wasu umarni ko Tariqa, wasu Sufaye suka kafa da yawa waɗanda suka danganta jerin malamansu zuwa ga Annabi Muhammadu. Kadan ne daga cikin waxanda suka sami babban ilimin Sufanci ne aka kafa umarni a bayansu.

Ba kowa ba ne a Maroko ya yaba da sake sabunta Sufanci a halin yanzu.

A baya a Fez, Salah Iddin al Sharqi, 16, ya ce bai dauki zawiya a matsayin "gidan Allah ba". Yayin da yake tafiya cikin cunkushe, kunkuntar lungunan birnin na karni na 12, sanye da jar riga, wando na khaki da flip, Salah ya ce wasu ayyukan Sufaye ba su dace da Musulunci ba.

“Na yi imani da Allah da manzonsa, amma zawiya ba wurin ibada ba ne. Akwai wanda aka binne a zawiyya kuma ban yarda da yin addu’a a wurin da aka binne wani ba,” in ji shi, yana mai nuni da kaburburan da ke cikin yawancin Sufaye zawiyya.

Wasu kuma suna nuna kiyayya ga Sufanci, suna masu cewa ya kamata a hana ta bisa ga al'adar annabci.

A tsaye a wajen masallacin Barrima a tsohon birnin Marrakech - wanda ke kan titin wata karamar Sufi zawiya - bayan sallar isha'i, wasu matasa uku masu gemu sun ce wasu ayyukan Sufaye sun kasance " sabo ne".

“Neman albarka [matattu] sabo ne sarai,” in ji ɗaya daga cikin mutanen.

A al'adance dai 'yan Salafiyya sun yi suka kan kasancewar kaburbura a wasu zawiyyawan Sufaye da kuma irin girmamawar da Sufaye suke yi wa shehunansu.

Har ma wasu Sufaye suna shakkar ayyukan ’yan’uwansu. Idris al Faez, limamin Tijjani zawiya a Fez wanda ke da ra'ayin mazan jiya na Sufanci, ya ce zai iya fahimtar wasu sukar da ake yiwa Sufaye.

“Akwai wasu al’amura na jahilci a tsakanin wasu Sufaye kamar cudanya tsakanin jinsi biyu da yin amfani da waka,” in ji shi, yana zaune a bangon Zawiya Tijjani a Fez.

Har wa yau, masu ra’ayin Sufanci na ganin cewa rashin kasancewar tambarin addininsu na Musulunci, da kuma yada tashoshin tauraron dan adam da ke da ra’ayin kyamar Sufanci, shi ya ba da dama ga masu tsattsauran ra’ayi na Musulunci, kamar Salafiyya.

"Rashin aikin Sufanci… ya haifar da bullar duk wani nau'in tsattsauran ra'ayi," in ji Fouzi Skali, babban kwararre kan Sufi na Morocco. “Ba za mu iya tunanin wayewa da irin wannan hali na kashe mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba. Mun samar da wata akida wacce ta sabawa tsarin wayewar Musulunci.

"Idan ba a sami sauyi a kyawawan dabi'u da ake mulkin al'ummomi da su ba, za mu ci gaba da fuskantar karin rikice-rikice da rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin al'ummomi," in ji Mista Skali, wanda ke kula da bikin Fez na Al'adun Sufi na shekara-shekara.

Ko da kuwa abubuwan da Sufanci ya fuskanta a baya kuma yana iya sake fuskanta a nan gaba, masu aikin sun ce yana da tushe a cikin al'adun Moroccan kuma koyaushe zai kasance.

"Sufanci shine ainihin Musulunci," in ji Sidi Jamal, wani malamin Sufi kuma dan shehin darikar Boutchichi a Madagh, a lokacin da yake shan wani kwano na miya. "Annabi da abokansa da mabiyansa na farko duk Sufaye ne."