Tafiya cikin tsakiyar Afghanistan shekaru uku da suka gabata, Geoff Hann ya tsinci kansa a tsakanin shugabannin yaƙi.
Ya jagoranci tawagarsa ta wuce ɗayan mayaƙa da ke fafatawa kawai don fuskantar wani a hayin kogin. Abin takaici, waɗannan shugabannin yaƙi sun kasance abokantaka, in ji shi. Amma dukansu basu zama ba.
Irin wannan haduwar, in ji Hann, wani bangare ne na kwarewar - kuma wani bangare ne na “nishadi” - na zagayawa da kamfanin Hann na Burtaniya mai suna Hinterland Travel agency.
Yayin da suke shiga yankunan yaki, haye shingen bincike, kuma suka yi tuntuɓe a wuraren rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa, waɗannan matafiya suna zuwa da manyan makamai - da kyamarori, littattafan jagora, taswira da jagororin yawon shakatawa.
Yawon shakatawa ne na wani nau'in "duhu" da ke da alama - wanda ya kebanta da shi ban da takwaransa na rana da yashi - wanda ke da matafiya zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya ba wai kawai duk da yake-yake da rikice-rikice ba har ma a wasu lokuta saboda shi.
Ganin irin barnar da roka ta yi a arewa da kudu na Isra'ila, ziyartar wurin da aka kai harin na gas mai guba a arewacin Iraki, da zagaya gine-ginen da ke dauke da harsasai na Beirut, wani yanki ne na abubuwan jan hankali na 'yan yawon bude ido na Gabas ta Tsakiya - duhu wata hanya tare da mutuwa, hallaka, rikici ko yaƙi.
"Babu shakka akwai jan hankali ga waɗannan wuraren amma abin da ba a san shi ba shi ne dalilin da ya sa mutane za su iya sha'awar su - shin don ganin yadda ake yaƙi ne ta hanyar wasu abubuwan ban sha'awa ko kuma don ƙoƙarin samun zurfin fahimta ko ma'ana daga gare ta . Wannan shi ne babban batun da gaske, ”in ji Farfesa Richard Sharpley, shugaban yawon bude ido a jami’ar Lincoln.
Hann mahalarta Hinterland da farko, in ji Hann, suna neman wani abu “daban da ban sha'awa.” Suna tafiya zuwa Iraki, Afghanistan, kudu maso gabashin Turkiya da Iran don tarihi, gine-gine, da al'adun waɗannan wurare na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ba sa damuwa da batun haɗarin da ke tattare da su lokaci-lokaci. Amma ba lallai bane su zama masu neman birgewa. Sun zo ne don “gani da idanunsu” abin da kafofin watsa labarai ke ɗauke da shi sosai kuma, a cewar yawancin Turawan Yammaci masu shakka, wani lokacin ba daidai ba.
"Akwai kungiyoyin yawon bude ido kuma akwai masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa wurare kamar Afghanistan da Iraki don kokarin kusantar abin da ke faruwa a wurin - yanzu wannan wani abin birgewa ne ga yaki," in ji Farfesa John Lennon, marubucin jaridar Dark Tourism kuma darekta. na Cibiyar Moffat don Balaguro da Bunkasar Kasuwancin Balaguro.
Yayinda masu yawon bude ido ke ambaton hadin kai da neman ilimi a matsayin babban abin da ya ja hankali, masana sun lura cewa yana iya zama “ghoulish” sha'awar mutuwa, bukatar a shayar da "kishirwar dandano yaki," in ji Lennon, wanda ke tura masu yawon bude ido zuwa shafukan da ke da alaka da lalata ko rikici.
“Wani irin dandano ne na dan adam idan ya taba mutuwa - kusancin mutuwa. Kuma nan take. Kamar dai bai isa ba hakan ya faru shekaru 10 ko 20 da suka gabata. ”
Kwanaki bayan da aka ayyana tsagaita wutar a yakin Lebanon na karshe tsakanin Isra’ila da Hizbullah, Kibbutz Gonen Holiday Village da ke arewacin Isra’ila ta fara ba da rangadin wuraren da rokokin Katushya suka harba. Baƙi masu yawon buɗe ido da Isra’ilawa daga tsakiyar ƙasar, waɗanda ba su dandana tasirin yaƙin ba kamar takwarorinsu na arewa, sun zo “suna gani da idanunsu” ɓarnar da yaƙin ya haifar.
“Sun ga komai a talabijin, a labarai. Amma mutane sun yi sha'awar ganin ta da idanunsu - don taimaka musu su fahimta, ”in ji daraktan talla na Gonen, Ori Alon, yana mai lura da cewa da yawa sun zo daga ziyarar suna jin sauki.
Idan aka kwatanta da hotuna masu ban mamaki a labarai, ziyarar “ta rage lalacewar.” Lamarin ya munana, amma ba kamar yadda talabijin ya yi kama ba, in ji ta.
A wancan watan na farko bayan yakin, jagoran yawon bude ido na Isra’ila Amnon Loya ya jagoranci masu yawon bude ido wuce gidajen da suka lalace a Qiryat Shmonah. A can, yawon bude ido sun sami damar yin magana da mazauna yankin da sojoji. A tunaninsu, sun bukaci ganin shi da kansu, ya bayyana, saboda hadin kai, rufewa da son sani, kuma don fahimtar hakikanin halin da ake ciki.
Loya ta ce: "Idan kuna zaune a cikin nutsuwa kuna kallon talabijin, kuna mamaki idan yaƙin ya kasance a ƙasarku ko a'a," in ji Loya.
Yayin da balaguron Katushya ke karatowa, a yau masu yawon bude ido na iya zuwa garin Sderot da ke kudancin Isra’ila don ganin barnar da rokar Qassam ta yi daga Gaza da ke kusa.
Bina Abramson na Sderot Media Center ta ce wadannan rokoki suna da mazaunan yankin da ke rayuwa cikin tsoro a kodayaushe, kuma cewa da farko bincike ne na gaskiya da hadin kai, maimakon abin burgewa, wanda ke jan kunnen kungiyoyi da maziyarta.
Yawon shakatawa gabaɗaya na iya haɗuwa da rikici, amma an fi mai da hankali kan haɗin kai, siyasa ko binciken gaskiya.
A cikin bincikensa na yawon bude ido mai nasaba da siyasa a Urushalima, mai jagorantar yawon bude ido Eldad Brin ya yi rubutu game da batun haihuwa ta haihuwa ta 2003 mai taken "Zaman Lafiya da Siyasa," wanda ya kai mahalarta wani shagon kofi na Urushalima da harin ta'addanci ya rutsa da shi 'yan watannin da suka gabata, yana mai nuna yanayi na tashin hankali na gari.
Mahalarta tare da Kungiyar Bayar da Yawon Bude Ido ta Bai'talami za su iya ziyartar gidajen Falasdinawa da aka rusa, sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira, shingen raba, kuma su hadu da Falasdinawa da' yan rajin zaman lafiya da kungiyoyin Isra'ila.
Babban daraktan gudanarwa Rami Kassis ya ce manufar yawon bude ido ita ce fallasa masu yawon bude ido ga halaye na musamman na siyasa, zamantakewa, da kuma tarihi - “don bude idanunsu kan wahalar da Falasdinawa ke ciki” da kuma taimaka wa maziyarta su samar da nasu ra'ayin game da halin da ake ciki, maimakon dogaro da bayanai na son zuciya da kuma kafafen yada labarai.
Duk da haka, a matsayin alamun rikice-rikice, har ma da wakiltar ƙuntata rayuwar mutane, waɗannan rukunin yanar gizo tabbas ana iya ɗaukar su wani ɓangare na yanayin yawon buɗe ido na yawon buɗe ido, in ji Sharpley.
"Abun jan hankali, ina tsammani, zai kasance mutane sun kusan samun tabbaci game da tsaro da 'yanci na rayukansu," in ji shi.
Yawancin Yammacin Turai suna rayuwa cikin aminci, al'ummomin da ke fuskantar haɗari, waɗanda aka kiyaye daga mutuwa da tasirin yaƙi kai tsaye, in ji shi.
"Dicing da mutuwa" hanya ce daya ta bayyana wannan nau'ikan yawon bude ido, in ji Sharpley, wanda sanya kansa a cikin wani hadari ko kasada - mai yuwuwar fuskantar mutuwa - wani bangare ne na roko. Daga wannan hangen nesan, ana iya ɗaukar balaguron yakin yaƙi a matsayin na baya-bayan nan a cikin manyan wasanni.
Kodayake Hinterland na daukar masu yawon bude ido zuwa yankunan da ke dauke da gargadin tafiye-tafiye - wanda ke sa mahalarta wani lokacin gaba daya wadanda ba za a iya magance su ba saboda yaki da ta'addanci - Hann ta ce kungiyar ba ta fita daga hanyarta don neman abubuwan jan hankali "masu duhu." Hakanan mahalarta - waɗanda galibi suna da shekaru 40 zuwa 70 - suna neman haɗari ko burgewa.
A hakikanin gaskiya, wata mata mai shekaru 69, matafiya a duniya kuma 'yar asalin Burtaniya Margaret Whelpton ta ce ba za ta taba jin daɗin rangadin da Hinterland ke yi ba idan da tana san wani haɗari.
Whelpton, wacce ta yi tattaki zuwa kasashen Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Iran da Afghanistan, ta ce rikici ko tashe-tashen hankula da ke tattare da wasu yankuna - kamar tambarin da ta gani a wani otel a Islamabad na tunawa da kisan wasu ‘yan jarida shekaru biyu da suka gabata - kawai wani ɓangare na baya.
"Tarihi," in ji ta. Babu abin da za a ji tsoro.
Wannan ba ya nufin, Hinterland ba ta haɗu da yankunan "dodgy" ko abubuwan jan hankali ba.
A wata rangadi da ta yi a arewacin Iraki, Hinterland ta dauki mahalarta zuwa Halabja, wurin da aka kai harin guba a lokacin yakin Iran da Iraki a shekarar 1988. A wani lokaci kuma, sun ziyarci wani gidan yari da ke Sulaymaniyah an azabtar da Kurdawa.
Babu bambanci, in ji Hann, fiye da ziyartar sansanin taro na Auschwitz.
Duk da yake abin gani-da-kanka shine abin jan hankali, masana kamar su Lennon da Sharpley suka ce yanayin ya shafi tsoho ne, wanda ke da sha'awar mutuwa da yaƙi.
"Mai yiwuwa ne kadan daga zubar jini," in ji Sharpley.
Sha'awa tare da "yanayin duhu na yanayin mutum," in ji Lennon
A ƙarshe, mutane suna son taɓa ramin harsasai, watakila jin haɗarin, kuma su haɗu da waɗanda ke yaƙi da shugabannin yaƙi, duk don kansu.
Don ƙarin ɗaukar hoto game da yawon buɗe ido na Gabas ta Tsakiya daga Media Line ziyarci Yanar Gizon su, www.themedialine.org.
