Abin da ake kira Mu'ujiza na Alluran rigakafi Ya Nuna Mana

Sabbin alluran rigakafi yawanci suna ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 10 zuwa 15 kafin a yi su. Don haka, haɓaka alluran COVID-19 masu inganci da yawa a ƙasa da shekara ɗaya ba a taɓa ganin irin sa ba.

Kuma yana da sauƙi a ga me yasa hakan zai zama kamar mu'ujiza. Amma a zahiri, alluran rigakafin COVID-19 sakamakon shekaru ne na saka hannun jari da hankali, manufofi, da haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suka kafa abubuwan more rayuwa, baiwa, da ba da damar yanayin muhalli da ake buƙata don tura su cikin sauri.

Muna da masana kimiyya a duk duniya don godiya don shekarun binciken su na asali. Oneaya daga cikin masu bincike, Dr. Katalin Karikó na ƙasar Hungary, ta sadaukar da aikinta don yin karatun RNA messenger, wanda aka fi sani da mRNA. Shekaru da yawa, ra’ayoyin da ba su dace ba sun kasa samun tallafi da tallafi mai yawa, kuma da yawa sun yi watsi da ra'ayin cewa ana iya amfani da mRNA don yin allurar rigakafi da magunguna. Amma Dakta Karikó ya dage. Labarin nata alama ce ta masana kimiyyar da yawa waɗanda bincikensu - galibi shekaru a cikin yin - ya sa ya yiwu a samar da alluran rigakafin mRNA guda biyu masu inganci cikin ƙasa da shekara guda.

Kyauta ce da za ta ci gaba da bayarwa: Tuni akwai 'yan takarar allurar rigakafin mRNA a cikin bututun ci gaba wanda a ƙarshe zai iya magance wasu cututtukan da suka fi mutuwa a duniya, daga zazzabin cizon sauro zuwa cutar kansa.

Tabbas, alluran rigakafin mRNA ba shine kawai labarin nasarar R&D da ya fito daga wannan hanyar ba.

Alƙawarin dogon lokaci na jigilar kwayoyin halitta

Zuwa yanzu, duk duniya tana sane da cewa SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19, ta rikide zuwa ƙarin kamuwa da cuta da mutuwa, kamar delta, yayin da take yaduwa a duniya. Godiya ga jere -jeren kwayoyin halitta - gano ainihin keɓaɓɓen tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta - masana kimiyya sun iya ganowa da bin diddigin bambance -bambancen da ke fitowa.

A tarihi, mafi yawan jerin kwayoyin halitta a duniya ya faru a Amurka da Turai. Kasashe ba tare da fasahar jere -jere ba za su aika samfuran hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri zuwa dakunan gwaje -gwaje a wurare kamar New York da London don nazarin kwayoyin halitta - kuma za su sami sakamako bayan watanni kawai.

Amma a cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, kungiyoyi suna saka hannun jari wajen gina cibiyar sa ido kan kwayoyin halittu a Afirka, don haka kasashen nahiyar za su iya jera ƙwayoyin cuta kamar Ebola da zazzabin cizon sauro. CDC ta Afirka ta kafa Afirka Pathogen Genomics Initiative, kuma lokacin da annobar ta barke, cibiyar sadarwar ta koma ga SARS-CoV-2. Dalilin da yasa kawai duniya ta san cewa mafi yawan cututtukan beta masu kamuwa da cuta sun fito a Afirka ta Kudu shine saboda ƙasar ta saka hannun jari sosai a R&D - a wannan yanayin, haɗa ƙarfin jeri na kwayoyin halitta tare da gwajin asibiti da nazarin rigakafi. Dokta Penny Moore na Afirka ta Kudu na ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya na farko da suka gano cewa bambancin coronavirus da aka gano a Afirka ta Kudu na iya ƙetare tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Da wannan bayanin, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a a duniya za su iya yin shiri daidai. Kuma Afirka ta Kudu, wacce ita ma ta saka hannun jari sosai a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa don hanzarta gudanar da gwajin asibiti, da sauri za ta iya daidaita gwajin rigakafin ta. Sun fara aiki don tantance ko alluran COVID-19 sun ba da isasshen kariya daga sabon nau'in da ba da daɗewa ba zai bazu ko'ina.

Bai isa ga ƙasashe masu arziki su kaɗai ke da kayan aiki da albarkatu don jera ƙwayoyin cuta ba.

Da alama a bayyane yake cewa a cikin duniya ta duniya, inda mutane da kayayyaki ke tafiya akai -akai ta kan iyakoki, bai isa ba ƙasashe masu arziki su kasance kawai ke da kayan aiki da albarkatu don jera ƙwayoyin cuta. Amma ya ɗauki annoba don ƙarfafa yadda yake da mahimmanci don tallafawa ikon ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi da matsakaita don tattarawa da nazarin bayanan su- saboda yana amfanar kowa.

Kuma abin da ke da ban sha'awa musamman game da tsarin jigilar kwayoyin halitta na Afirka shine cewa fasahar tana aiki ga kowane nau'in cuta: Idan nahiyar ta sami damar ci gaba da gina cibiyar sadarwa, nan ba da jimawa ba za ta fara yin nata binciken cutar don ƙwayoyin cuta da suka daɗe kamar mura, kyanda, da cutar shan inna. .

Kirkirar kimiyya, har ma da saurin rikodin rikodin, bai isa da kansa ba. Alluran COVID-19 abin mamaki ne na R&D, amma suna da inganci yayin da kowa ya sami damar zuwa gare su. Rashin daidaito na shekarar da ta gabata yana tunatar da mu cewa wannan ya fi sauƙi a faɗi fiye da aikatawa.

Ya rage ga mutane -daga zauren iko zuwa ƙungiyoyin talakawa da ƙungiyoyin unguwa -da su tashi tsaye don cike gibin. Kuma a wannan shekara, waɗannan tsaka-tsakin ɗan adam ne, lokacin da aka sadu da saka hannun jari na baya a cikin tsarin, a cikin al'ummomi, da cikin mutane, wanda ya ba da damar duniya ta guji wasu waɗancan farkon, mafi munin hasashe.

Zuba Jari a Tsarin

Yayin da muke rubuta wannan, sama da kashi 80% na duk alluran COVID-19 an gudanar da su a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da na sama. Wasu sun sami sau biyu zuwa uku adadin allurai da ake buƙata don rufe yawan jama'arsu, idan ana buƙatar masu haɓakawa don ƙarin bambance -bambancen kamuwa da cuta. A halin yanzu, an gudanar da kasa da kashi 1% na allurai a cikin ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi. Waɗannan rashin daidaituwa babban fushi ne na ɗabi'a-kuma suna haɓaka haƙiƙanin haɗarin cewa ƙasashe masu tasowa da al'ummomin da ke samun kuɗi za su fara kula da COVID-19 a matsayin wata annoba ta talauci: Ba matsalar mu bane.RabaCaliforniaTal Valcines Anyi rijista: 42Mutane: 39.5MMutane na dukkan nahiyar Afirka sun ninka na jihar California sau 30. Amma a farkon rabin shekarar 2021, kowannensu yana gudanar da kusan adadin alluran rigakafi.

Kayan aikin da ake buƙata don hanzarta kera ƙarin allurar rigakafin biliyan 15 ba za a iya kafa su cikin dare ɗaya ba, ko ma cikin shekara guda. Amma Indiya ta ba da misalin abin da ke faruwa lokacin da aka gina wannan kayan aikin na dogon lokaci.

Indiya ta kasance tana saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin samar da lafiya na kiwon lafiya shekaru da yawa - tun lokacin da kasar ta sami 'yancin kai. Gwamnatin Indiya ta taimaki Pune, birni kusa da Mumbai, ta zama babbar cibiyar masana'antu ta duniya ta hanyar saka hannun jari a ƙarfin R&D da abubuwan cikin gida, kamar wutar lantarki, ruwa, da sufuri. Sun yi aiki tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya don gina tsarin doka don alluran rigakafin da ya tabbatar da tsayayyun ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya don inganci, aminci, da inganci. Kuma sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da masu kera allurar rigakafi a Pune da sauran cibiyoyi kamar Hyderabad da gidauniyarmu don haɓaka, samarwa, da fitar da allurar rigakafi waɗanda ke magance munanan cututtukan yara, daga cutar sankarau zuwa huhu zuwa cututtukan zazzabin cizon sauro. don yin watsi da rikicin COVID-19 a Indiya-yanki ɗaya ne na wuyar warwarewa-amma babban ci gaba ne mai ban mamaki wanda a yau sama da kashi 60% na duk alluran da aka sayar a duniya ana kera su a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Mun kuma ga cewa ƙasashen da ke da ƙarfin saka hannun jari na gwamnati a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na kiwon lafiya sun fi iya yin aiki da sauri, kuma a lokuta da yawa, suna ɗauke da yaduwar COVID-19. Jarin da aka dade ana amfani da shi wajen kawar da cutar shan inna a kasashe masu karamin karfi sun taimaka wa kasashe irin su Najeriya da Pakistan wajen gina daya daga cikin manyan ma’aikatan aiki a lafiyar duniya ta zamani. Zuba jari a cikin kawar da cutar shan inna ya haifar da ababen more rayuwa don ba da amsa ga barkewar cutar da gudanar da allurar rigakafi-wanda ya ba da babbar mahimmanci ga barkewar cutar daga Ebola zuwa COVID-19.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya yana da ƙima: Su ne tushe don amsawar cutar ta gaggawa. Wataƙila ba mu san wanne takamaiman ƙwayar cuta ce za ta haifar da annoba ta duniya sau ɗaya ba, amma kayan aikin kawo ƙarshen cutar sun yi kama da na cutar shan inna ko zazzabin cizon sauro ko wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa: gwaji mai yawa kuma, lokacin da zai yiwu, magani mai sauri da inganci da allurar rigakafi.

Zuba Jari a Ƙungiyoyin

Wasu daga cikin ingantattun ayyukan da muke bibiyarwa sun faru a matakin ƙima, wanda shugabannin da suka yi aiki tuƙuru da ƙarfi don samun amincewar al'ummomin su - wani abu wanda ba za a iya gina shi cikin dare ko cikin tsakiyar rikici ba.

“Ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai” na mata sun zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Indiya da sauran sassan Kudanci da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. Shekaru da yawa, gwamnatin Indiya da abokan haɗin gwiwa na duniya suna saka hannun jari a cikin waɗannan ƙananan ƙungiyoyin mata waɗanda ke tara kuɗi da aiki don inganta lafiya, ilimi, da sauran ayyuka a ƙauyukansu.

Lokacin da COVID-19 ya isa Bihar, Indiya, gida ga mutane sama da miliyan 100, ƙungiyar taimakon kai da kai ta gida ta kafa aminci tare da maƙwabta ta hanyar isar da abinci da kula da lafiya na gida ga waɗanda suka kamu da rashin lafiya daga COVID-19. Lokacin da shirye -shiryen alluran riga -kafi suke cikin rarrabawa a cikin al'ummarsu, waɗannan matan sun zama tushen bayanai da jagora ga waɗannan maƙwabta waɗanda ke da damuwa game da amincin rigakafin. Gwamnatin Bihar ta lura da aikin da ake yi a matakin al'umma kuma ta ayyana 8 ga Maris - Ranar Mata ta Duniya - ranar yin allurar mata a fadin jihar. Kusan mata 175,000 suka ɗauki kashi na farko na allurar a wancan makon. Dangane da wannan nasarar, gwamnatin Bihar tana maimaita shirin, wanda mata na ƙungiyar taimakon kai ke jagoranta.

Kuma a cikin Senegal, isar da al'ummomi ya kasance mabuɗin don isar da wasu alluran rigakafin.

Kasar Senegal ta kasance daya daga cikin labaran cin nasarar rigakafin rigakafin yau da kullun: Kafin barkewar cutar, an yi wa yara rigakafin cutar diphtheria, tetanus, da pertussis a irin wannan adadin kamar yara a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu samun kuɗi mai yawa. Amma lokacin da COVID-19 ya isa, tsoron kamuwa da cuta da rashin fahimta ya rage buƙatar waɗannan alluran.