Masu bincike sun buga takardu da yawa akan binciken yanayi na Juno a yau a cikin mujallar Kimiyya da Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Ƙarin takardu sun bayyana a cikin batutuwa biyu na kwanan nan na Wasiƙun Bincike na Geophysical.
Lori Glaze, darektan sashen kimiyyar taurari na NASA a hedkwatar hukumar da ke Washington ya ce: "Waɗannan sabbin abubuwan da aka gani daga Juno sun buɗe tarin sabbin bayanai game da abubuwan da ake iya gani na Jupiter." "Kowace takarda tana ba da haske a kan bangarori daban-daban na tsarin tafiyar da yanayin duniya - misali mai ban mamaki na yadda ƙungiyoyin kimiyya daban-daban na duniya ke ƙarfafa fahimtar tsarin mu na hasken rana."
Juno ya shiga kewayawar Jupiter ne a shekarar 2016. A yayin da kowane kumbon sararin samaniya ya wuce 37 na duniyar duniyar zuwa yau, wani gungun na'urori na musamman sun leka a karkashin belin gajimarensa.
"A da, Juno ya ba mu mamaki da alamun cewa abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yanayin Jupiter sun yi zurfi fiye da yadda ake tsammani," in ji Scott Bolton, babban mai binciken Juno daga Cibiyar Bincike ta Kudu maso Yamma a San Antonio kuma jagoran marubucin mujallar Kimiyyar Jarida a kan zurfin jupiter's vortices. "Yanzu, mun fara haɗa duk waɗannan guda ɗaya tare da samun fahimtarmu ta farko game da yadda kyawawan yanayin Jupiter ke aiki - a cikin 3D."
Juno's microwave radiometer (MWR) yana ba masana kimiyyar manufa damar duba ƙarƙashin saman gajimare na Jupiter kuma su bincika tsarin guguwar iska mai yawa. Shahararriyar wadannan guguwa ita ce tabarbarewar rigakafin da aka fi sani da Great Red Spot. Fiye da Duniya, wannan vortex mai launin fata ya burge masana kimiyya tun lokacin da aka gano shi kusan ƙarni biyu da suka wuce.
Sabbin sakamakon sun nuna cewa guguwar sun fi zafi a sama, tare da ƙananan yanayi, yayin da suka fi sanyi a ƙasa, tare da mafi girma. Anticyclones, waɗanda ke jujjuya a gaba, sun fi sanyi a sama amma sun fi zafi a ƙasa.
Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa guguwar ta yi nisa fiye da yadda ake tsammani, inda wasu ta kai nisan mil 60 (kilomita 100) a kasa da gajimare da sauransu, ciki har da Great Red Spot, wanda ya kai nisan mil 200 (kilomita 350). Wannan binciken na ban mamaki ya nuna cewa vortices sun rufe yankuna fiye da wuraren da ruwa ya taso da gajimare, a ƙarƙashin zurfin inda hasken rana ke dumama yanayi.
Tsayi da girman Babban Tabo na Red Spot yana nufin ƙaddamar da yawan sararin samaniya a cikin guguwar mai yuwuwar ana iya gano shi ta kayan aikin nazarin filin jupiter. Guda biyu na kusa da Juno akan mafi shaharar wurin Jupiter sun ba da damar neman sa hannun guguwar da kuma cika sakamakon MWR akan zurfinsa.
Tare da Juno yana tafiya ƙasa da ƙasa akan bene na gajimare na Jupiter a kusan 130,000 mph (209,000 kph) Masana kimiyya Juno sun sami damar auna canje-canjen saurin gudu a matsayin ƙaramin milimita 0.01 a cikin daƙiƙa ta amfani da eriyar sa ido ta Deep Space Network ta NASA, daga nesa sama da mil miliyan 400 (650). kilomita miliyan). Wannan ya baiwa tawagar damar takura zurfin Babban Tabo mai Girma zuwa kusan mil 300 (kilomita 500) kasa da saman gajimare.
Marzia Parisi, masanin kimiyyar Juno daga dakin gwaje-gwajen Jet Propulsion na NASA a Kudancin California kuma jagorar marubucin wata takarda a cikin Kimiyyar Jarida game da wuce gona da iri na "Madaidaicin da ake buƙata don samun ƙarfin Babban Red Spot a lokacin tashiwar Yuli 2019 yana da ban mamaki." Babban Red Spot. "Kasancewa iya daidaita binciken MWR akan zurfin yana ba mu kwarin gwiwa cewa gwaje-gwajen nauyi a nan gaba a Jupiter zai ba da sakamako mai ban sha'awa daidai."
Belts da Yankuna
Baya ga guguwa da anticyclones, Jupiter an san shi da bel ɗin sa na musamman da shiyya - fararen fararen gajimare da jajayen gizagizai waɗanda ke zagaye duniya. Ƙarfafar iska mai ƙarfi gabas-yamma da ke tafiya a gaba da gaba ya raba makada. A baya Juno ya gano cewa waɗannan iskoki, ko rafukan jet, sun kai zurfin kusan mil 2,000 (kimanin kilomita 3,200). Masu bincike har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin warware asirin yadda magudanan jet ke samuwa. Bayanan da Juno's MWR ya tattara yayin wucewa da yawa sun nuna wata alama mai yuwuwa: cewa iskar ammonia na sararin samaniya yana tafiya sama da ƙasa cikin kyakkyawan tsari tare da rafukan jet da aka gani.
Keren Duer, dalibin da ya kammala karatun digiri daga Cibiyar Weizmann ya ce "Ta hanyar bin ammonia, mun sami sel masu rarrabawa a cikin sassan arewa da kudu wadanda suke kama da 'Ferrel Cells,' wadanda ke sarrafa yawancin yanayin mu a nan Duniya." na Kimiyya a Isra'ila kuma marubucin marubucin Jaridar Kimiyyar Kimiyya a kan sel-kamar Ferrel akan Jupiter. "Yayin da duniya ke da kwayar ferrel guda ɗaya a kowace hemisphere, Jupiter yana da takwas - kowanne aƙalla sau 30 ya fi girma."
Bayanai na MWR na Juno sun kuma nuna cewa bel da shiyyoyin suna fuskantar canji a kusan mil 40 (kilomita 65) ƙarƙashin gajimaren ruwa na Jupiter. A zurfin zurfi, bel ɗin Jupiter sun fi haske a cikin hasken microwave fiye da yankunan da ke kusa. Amma a cikin matakai masu zurfi, a ƙarƙashin gizagizai na ruwa, akasin haka gaskiya ne - wanda ya nuna kama da tekunmu.
"Muna kiran wannan matakin da 'Jovicline' a kwatankwacin wani yanki na wucin gadi da ake gani a cikin tekunan Duniya, wanda aka sani da thermocline - inda ruwan teku ke canzawa sosai daga kasancewa mai zafi zuwa sanyi," in ji Leigh Fletcher, masanin kimiyyar Juno daga Jami'ar. na Leicester a cikin United Kingdom kuma jagoran marubucin takarda a cikin Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets suna nuna alamun microwave na Juno na bel da yankuna masu zafi na Jupiter.
Polar Cyclones
A baya Juno ya gano tsare-tsaren polygonal na ƙaton guguwar cyclonic a duka sandunan Jupiter - takwas an tsara su a cikin tsari guda takwas a arewa da biyar waɗanda aka jera su a cikin nau'in pentagonal a kudu. Yanzu, bayan shekaru biyar, masana kimiyyar mishan da ke amfani da abin lura da kumbon Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) na kumbon kumbo ya tantance cewa wadannan al'amuran yanayi suna da matukar juriya, suna zama a wuri guda.
"Cyclones na Jupiter yana shafar motsin juna, yana haifar da su don yin la'akari game da matsayi na daidaito," in ji Alessandro Mura, wani mai bincike na Juno a Cibiyar Nazarin Astrophysics ta Kasa a Roma kuma jagoran marubucin takarda na baya-bayan nan a Wasiƙun Bincike na Geophysical akan oscillations da kwanciyar hankali. a cikin guguwar polar Jupiter. "Halayyar waɗannan jinkirin oscillations yana nuna cewa suna da tushe mai zurfi."
Bayanai na JIRAM sun kuma nuna cewa, kamar guguwa a duniya, wadannan guguwa suna son matsar da su zuwa gefe, amma guguwar da ke tsakiyar kowace sanda ta mayar da su baya. Wannan ma'auni yana bayyana inda guguwar ke zama da lambobi daban-daban a kowane sanda.
