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Kamfanonin Jiragen Saman Amurka Ba Su Da Kyau Kuma Ba sa buƙatar zama Gasa - Mummunar Gaskiya

PaulHudson
PaulHudson, FlyersRights.org

Haɓaka, haƙƙin gasa, da shingen shiga ya haifar da hauhawar farashin jiragen sama da ƙananan matakan sabis om Amurka.

 

Paul Hudson, shugaban babbar kungiyar masu ba da shawara kan harkokin sufurin jiragen sama a Amurka, ya gabatar da tsokaci ga Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka (DOT) da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka (DOJ) don mayar da martani ga Buƙatun su na Bayanai (RFI) game da halin da ake ciki. gasar tsakanin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama. Wannan cikakken bita yana da mahimmanci wajen kimanta yadda gasa a masana'antar jiragen sama ta ci gaba da raguwa da kuma yadda za a iya ɗaukar matakan fafutuka a nan gaba.

Gidan yanar gizon Rights Rights kuma yana ba da ƙarin bayani game da wannan taƙaitaccen, gami da taƙaitaccen muhawara.

Gabatarwa

FlyersRights na maraba da yunƙurin haɗin gwiwa na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka da Ma'aikatar Shari'a don duba gasa a masana'antar jirgin sama. Cikakken bita na masana'antar jirgin sama bai faru ba tun dokar hana zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta 1978.

Hukuma daya ce kawai ke da hurumin ‘yan sanda na kamfanonin jiragen sama bisa ka’ida, rashin adalci, da halin yaudara.

Ƙididdiga na majalisa da ƙayyadaddun doka kan hukunce-hukuncen tilastawa ba su isa don kare masu amfani da gasa ba.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata tun lokacin da aka soke, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun jaddada cewa gasar kasuwa, ba ka'ida ba, za ta fi dacewa da bukatun jama'a masu tashi yayin lokaci guda, rage gasa, kafa shingen shiga, da rage gaskiyar bayanan da ake buƙata don masu siye. sanar da yanke shawara.

Halayen Haɓaka Gasar: Gyaran Farashi da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi

Littattafan Antitrust suna cike da tsare-tsaren daidaita farashin jirgin sama. Farawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan rushewa, waɗannan tsare-tsaren ƙayyadaddun farashin sun kasance a bayyane kuma ba su da kyau. Amma a layi daya da ƙirƙira na fasaha, sun zama da wuya a gano su.

Na farko, shugabannin kamfanonin jiragen sama za su kira sauran shugabannin kamfanoni don tsara farashi da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Da zarar an hukunta hakan, kamfanonin jiragen sun koma musayar bayanan farashi da tattaunawa kan farashin ta hanyar kamfani mallakar rukunin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Kwanan nan, haɗin kai ya ɗauki nau'i na siginar farashi da "ɗalibin iya aiki."

Kamfanin jiragen sama na American Airlines da Southwest Airlines sun shiga cikin wata shari’a da ake zargin sun hada baki wajen kara kudin jirgi. Kamfanonin jiragen biyu biyu sun daidaita karar, amma sun musanta aikata ba daidai ba. 

Da alama ana tuhumar Delta Air Lines da United Airlines su ma. A cikin kiran masu hannun jarin jama'a, kamfanonin jiragen sama za su nuna alamar suna son kiyaye "dabi'ar iya aiki." Ma'ana, sun yi ƙoƙarin rage kayan aiki don ƙara farashin. Rarraba farashin farashi cikin menu na kudade shima yana ba da damar daidaita farashin farashi.

A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa sun ƙara kuɗin jakunkuna a cikin kulle-kulle.

Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa

Baya ga aiki tare, wanda aka fi samun sauƙin aiwatarwa a cikin masana'antar da ta tattara sosai, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun tsunduma cikin ƙawance da haɗin gwiwa wanda ke daɗa maida hankali kan masana'antar saboda membobin ƙungiyar ba sa gasa.

American Airlines da JetBlue Airways sun shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar Arewa maso Gabas kusan shekaru uku, wanda ya ba su damar daidaita zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da kuma samun kuɗin shiga. Delta, American, da United membobi ne na haɗin gwiwa guda uku don balaguron ƙasa tare da manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama na waje da na Amurka kamar Alaska Airlines da Hawaiian Airlines. JetBlue ya shiga yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin jiragen sama guda ɗaya daga kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa guda uku ba tare da zama memba na ƙawancen ba.

Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta bayyana cewa wadannan kawancen jiragen sama guda uku ne ke rike da kashi 82% na kasuwar balaguron jiragen sama na Amurka da Tarayyar Turai.

Ma'aikatar Sufuri tana ba da kariya ga waɗannan kamfanonin jiragen sama duk da ƙin yarda da cewa masana'antar jiragen sama na ci gaba da samun karɓuwa sosai. Ga kowane ɗan takara mai zaman kansa da aka cire daga hanyar trans-Atlantic tare da masu fafatawa huɗu, farashin ya karu da 7%.

Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta kuma yanke shawarar cewa fa'idar gasa daga waɗannan ƙawancen kamfanonin jiragen sama ba su dogara ga kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke da kariya ta aminci ba.

Mallakar gama gari

Yawancin manyan masu hannun jari goma na kowane kamfanin jirgin sama na Amurka su ma su ne manyan masu hannun jari goma na sauran kamfanonin jiragen sama na Amurka. Mallakar kamfanonin jiragen sama na gama-gari na rage ƙwarin gwiwa ga kamfani ɗaya don yin gasa da ƙarfi, rage farashinsa, ko shiga sabuwar kasuwa. Yana haɓaka farashi kuma yana rage yawan fitarwa a cikin masana'antar jirgin sama.

Antitrust Immunity da International Airline Alliance, Ƙungiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki, Ma'aikatar Shari'a.

Wani bincike da Azar ya yi kiyasin cewa mallakin jirgin sama na gama-gari “yana ƙara maida hankali da kusan tashi daga manyan dillalai guda huɗu zuwa masu girman daidai gwargwado biyu.”

Azar ya yi kiyasin cewa mallakar gama gari na matsakaicin hanyar jirgin sama “fiye da sau 10 girma fiye da matakin ƙofa” da yuwuwar haɓaka ƙarfin kasuwa’ a cikin yanayin haɗaɗɗiyar gargajiya, bisa ga Jagororin Haɗin Kai na Amurka na Antitrust.

Azar ya ƙarasa da cewa "murya, ƙarfafawa, da ƙuri'a - da kuma yin komai" su ne hanyoyin da mallakar gama gari ke cutar da gasa.

Adawa ga Tsarin Gaskiya

Kasuwar gasa tana buƙatar ƙwararren mabukaci wanda aka ba shi ikon yanke shawara mai hankali. Don gasa ta yi nasara, dole ne fasinjoji su san jerin kuɗaɗe masu tasowa waɗanda ke bambanta dangane da hanyoyi, kwanan wata, fasinja ɗaya, da kwanan wata ko wurin da aka biya kuɗin tallafin.

A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2024, Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta buga ka'ida ta ƙarshe da ke buƙatar kamfanonin jiragen sama su bayyana mahimman kuɗaɗen tallafi lokacin da aka bayar da bayanin farashi da jadawalin ga mabukaci. Waɗannan ƙarin kuɗaɗen sun haɗa da kuɗin jakunkuna da aka bincika na farko, kuɗin jaka da aka bincika na biyu, kuɗin ɗaukar kaya, kuɗin canji, da kuɗin sokewa.

Koyaya, Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Amurka, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, JetBlue Airways, Alaska Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, Ƙungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya, da Ƙungiyar Masu Jiragen Sama ta Ƙasa sun kai ƙara don soke wannan doka.

Wannan doka da ta inganta gasa.

Idan kamfanonin jiragen sama suna da hanyarsu, za su rushe Dokar Talla ta cikakken farashi. Da zarar an gabatar da tsarin mulki, sun zage damtse don toshewa da

Sa'an nan, an kalubalanci shi a kotu, kuma yanzu ya zama babban kariya ga fasinjoji.

Ƙofar keɓancewa, Ramin Squatting, da Mamayewar Filin Jirgin Sama.

Masu dillalai masu ci suna dakile gasa ta hanyar sanya shingen shiga ga masu fafatawa. Ta hanyar cibiyoyin kagara da ƙofofi na keɓancewa, masu ɗaukar kaya suna sa ba za a iya yin gasa ta hanyar kuɗi da ta jiki ba a filin jirgin sama mai cibiya.

Yawancin manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, da suka hada da Charlotte, Dallas, Philadelphia, Houston International, Washington Dulles, Atlanta, Detroit, Salt Lake City, da Minneapolis, jirgin saman Amurka guda ne ya mamaye shi. Jiragen sama zuwa ko daga cibiyar kagara suna zuwa da farashi mai tsadar gaske.

Ta hanyar keɓance hanyar shiga filin jirgin sama ta hanyar kwangiloli na dogon lokaci, kamfanonin jiragen sama na iya hana shigowar sabbin kamfanonin jiragen sama cikin kasuwa. Yawancin waɗannan ƙofofin suna zama marasa amfani, suna cutar da fasinjoji da gasa.

Tasirin Gasa Na Gaba ɗaya

Filayen jiragen saman Amurka guda uku suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi kuma suna da tsarin ramukan da FAA ke kulawa.

Tsarin ramin an yi niyya ne don rage cunkoso tare da tabbatar da cewa filayen saukar jiragen sama na iya yin amfani da fasinja da yawa gwargwadon iyawa.

Sabanin manufar tsarin da illarsa ga gasa, kamfanonin jiragen sama suna yin “slot squatting,” inda suke tafiyar da jirage masu saukar ungulu don hana fafatawa a gasar samun wannan ramin.

Shirye-shiryen Amincin Jirgin Sama

Shirye-shiryen lada na aminci sun ƙunshi shingen shiga. Ba wai kawai waɗannan suna zuwa tare da damuwa na sirrin bayanai ba, kudade don karɓar fa'idodin da aka tara, da kwanakin ƙarewa sau da yawa ba tare da sanarwa ba, amma waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna sa masu siye su ga farashi mafi girma.

Solutions

Koma zuwa Ƙofofin gama gari

A Amurka, manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama za su iya sarrafa kaso mai yawa na ƙofofin filin jirgin sama ta hanyar ba da haya na dogon lokaci mai riba tare da filin jirgin. Wannan iko yana fitar da masu fafatawa kuma yana hana masu fafatawa shiga kasuwa. Ƙofar keɓaɓɓen hayar ƙofa galibi sabbin ƙirƙira ce ta Amurka. Ya kamata a siffanta ƙayyadaddun hayar ƙofa ta keɓance a matsayin ayyuka masu adawa da gasa lokacin da suke cire masu fafatawa da toshe masu fafatawa.

Diyya na Jinkirta Jirgin Sama da Daidaituwar Dokokin Intanet

Ya kamata Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar biyan diyya ta jirgin da kuma ka'idar daidaitawa don ƙarfafa yin aiki kan lokaci don batutuwan da ke cikin ikon jigilar kaya.

Fasinjoji na Amurka suna fuskantar lalacewa lokacin da jirgin sama ya haifar da jinkiri, sokewa, ko tsangwama. Masu jigilar kayayyaki na Amurka sun saba da jinkirin ramuwa, kamar yadda ka'idojin EU da Yarjejeniyar Montreal ke buƙatar jinkirin diyya na jiragen ƙasa da ƙasa.

Matsakaicin jinkirin jirgin sama tambayar gasa ce. Lokacin da fasinjoji suka makale saboda jinkirin jirgin, ana duba su ga kamfanin jirgin don isa inda suke da wuri. Idan madadin kamfanonin jiragen sama suna aiki da jirgi, tikitin tafiya zai yi tsada aƙalla sau uku fiye da na asali tikitin.

Kasancewar kamfanonin jiragen sama ba su da gasa gabaɗaya, kamfanonin jiragen sama ba su da kwarin gwiwa don sake tafiyar da fasinjojin da suka makale da kuma rage jinkirin da za a iya sarrafawa.

Maido da ka'idar daidaitawa wata hanya ce ta daban don ƙarfafa gasa ta hanyar ba kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke aiki akan lokaci da kuma yadda aka tsara. Kafin rushewa, ka'idar daidaituwa ta kasance wani lokaci a cikin kowane jadawalin kuɗin jirgin da CAB ta amince da shi. Ka'idar daidaitawa tana buƙatar kamfanin jirgin sama don tada wani jinkirin fasinja a cikin jirgi na gaba, ba tare da la'akari da kamfanin jirgin sama ba.

Maido da wannan doka zai ƙarfafa dillalai don guje wa jinkiri da rage cutar da fasinjojin da kamfanonin jiragen ke yi. Hukunce-hukuncen atomatik ba zai buƙaci bincike na cin lokaci ta hanyar DOT ba.

Sake rarraba ramummuka

Dole ne Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta ƙara ƙazamar sake ware wuraren ramuka don biyan bukatun fasinjoji da gasa. Bai kamata a kalli waɗannan a matsayin mallakin jirgin sama ba, kadara mai mahimmanci wanda ke ba da izinin tashi da babu komai don kula da su.

Fadada Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa

A halin yanzu, hukuma ɗaya ce kawai za ta iya aiwatar da dokokin kariyar masu amfani. Babu ƙa'idodin kariyar mabukaci da yawa waɗanda kamfanonin jiragen sama za su bi, duk da haka ana samun kamfanonin jiragen suna keta waɗannan ka'idojin akai-akai. Sakamakon haka, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun bi tarar DOT, bisa ka'ida, a matsayin kuɗin kasuwanci. Sun zaɓi keta waɗannan kariyar mabukaci a ƙarƙashin ƙididdigewa cewa damar aiwatarwa ba ta da yawa kuma farashin aiwatarwa ya yi ƙasa da yadda ya kamata.

Dole ne a faɗaɗa ƙarfin Ma'aikatar Sufuri. Ana iya cim ma wannan tare da ɗimbin ma'aikata waɗanda ke tilasta ƙa'idodin kariyar mabukaci. Bugu da ƙari, Ma'aikatar Sufuri na iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryenta tare da manyan lauyoyin jihohi don haɗa albarkatun jihohin da ikon tarayya na Ma'aikatar Sufuri.

Ya kamata Majalisa ta zartar da doka don baiwa manyan lauyoyin jihohi damar aiwatar da dokokin kariya na mabukaci. A cikin 2024, ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu na manyan lauyoyin jihohi 38 sun rubuta wa Majalisa suna neman wannan ikon.

Kare Ƙimar Kadarorin Shirin Amintattun Jirgin Sama

Shirye-shiryen amincin jirgin sama suna da tasirin gasa ta hanyar kulle fasinjoji cikin jirgin sama guda ɗaya.

Baya ga bayyana gaskiya da kariyar mabukaci da ake buƙata kan batun rage ƙima da sanarwa, taƙaitaccen lokacin sanarwa da rage ƙimar ƙima na ƙara haɓaka wannan tasirin gasa.

Ana tilasta wa fasinjoji yin gaggawa ko tilasta sayayya wanda in ba haka ba da ba za su so su guje wa rasa fa'idodin da suka yi ciniki a baya ba.

ma'amaloli tare da kamfanonin jiragen sama (lokacin da waɗannan ma'amaloli suka kasance tare da tsammanin waɗannan fa'idodin nan gaba).

Sauƙaƙe Ƙuntataccen Babban Jari

A haɗe da sauran manufofin fafutuka da ke sama, sauƙaƙe waɗannan hane-hane zai baiwa sabbin masu shiga damar yin gogayya da masu jigilar kayayyaki da kuma taimakawa masu jigilar kayayyaki da ke akwai wajen kiyayewa da haɓaka fafatawa da sauran kamfanonin jiragen sama.

A halin yanzu, dokar tarayya ta kayyade ikon mallakar jirgin sama na waje da kashi 25% kuma yana buƙatar kamfanin jirgin sama ya mallaki gida. A shekarar 2019, Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Gwamnati ya yi nazari kan illar da ke tattare da kara wannan kaso zuwa kashi 49 cikin XNUMX kuma bai samu wata illa ba a irin wannan sauyi, ciki har da tsaron kasa.

Kodayake GAO ta sami sakamako mai kyau akan gasar, ba don zama takamaiman ba, GAO ta gano cewa ƙara yawan saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje na iya tasiri sosai ga gasar a nan gaba. Wannan ya fi yiwuwa a lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki da yiwuwar fatarar kuɗi, yayin da wannan binciken ya faru a lokacin yanayi mai ƙarfi na tattalin arzikin Amurka.

Kammalawa

Tun lokacin da aka rushe, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun sami damar shawo kan masu kula da su kada su bincika oligopoly. Baya ga muhawarar tattalin arziki da aka tattauna a sama, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun yi hasashen raguwar farashin fasinja a matsayin shaida cewa an sami nasarar warware matsalar. Irin wannan jayayya

  • yayi watsi da nawa ƙananan farashin farashi zai kasance tare da ƙarin gasa a yau
  • yayi watsi da ƙarin shekaru huɗu na ƙirƙira fasahar fasaha wanda in ba haka ba zai ci gaba da koma baya na farashin da ya faru a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rushewa,
  • yayi watsi da ƙarin kuɗaɗe da lahani ga fasinjojin da suka taso saboda jinkiri, sokewa, ɓata lokaci, cin karo da ƙananan matakan sabis na abokin ciniki.

Ta yaya za ku zama ɓangare na Haƙƙin Flyers kuma ku sami girma?

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