Ministocin za su kalli barazanar kankara da ke Antarctic

Tashar Bincike ta Troll, Antarctica – Ministocin muhalli masu sanye da wurin shakatawa sun sauka a wannan yanki mai nisa na nahiyar kankara a ranar Litinin, a cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na wani yanayi mai tsanani na binciken yanayi, don ƙarin koyo game da yadda narkewar Antarctica na iya jefa duniyar cikin haɗari. .

Wakilai daga kasashe sama da goma sha biyu, da suka hada da Amurka, Sin, Biritaniya da Rasha, za su gudanar da wani taro a wata tashar bincike ta kasar Norway tare da masana kimiyyar Amurka da na Norway da suka zo a matakin karshe na kilomita 1,400 (kilomita 2,300), biyu. tafiya wata-wata akan kankara daga Pole ta Kudu.

Maziyartan za su sami “kwarewa ta hannaye game da girman nahiyar Antarctic da rawar da take takawa a sauyin yanayi a duniya,” in ji mai shirya taron, ma’aikatar muhalli ta Norway.

Za su kuma koyi game da manyan rashin tabbas da ke addabar bincike a wannan nahiya ta kudanci da kuma alakar ta da dumamar yanayi: Nawa ne dumamar yanayi ta Antarctica? Nawa ne kankara ke narkewa a cikin teku? Yaya girman zai iya haɓaka matakan teku a duniya?

Amsoshin suna da wuyar gaske cewa Kwamitin Gudanar da Canjin Yanayi (IPCC), cibiyar sadarwar kimiyya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta sami lambar yabo ta Nobel, ta ware barazanar da ke tattare da zanen kankara daga alkaluman kididdigar ikonta na 2007 na dumamar yanayi.

Hukumar IPCC ta yi hasashen cewa tekuna na iya tashi har zuwa inci 23 (mita 0.59) a wannan karnin, daga fadada zafi da narkakken kankara, idan duniya ta yi kadan don rage fitar da iskar carbon dioxide da sauran iskar gas da ake zargi da dumamar yanayi.

Amma kwamitin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bai yi la'akari da Antarctica da Greenland ba, tun da yake ba a fahimtar mu'amalar yanayi da teku tare da manyan wuraren ajiyarsu na kankara - Antarctica na da kashi 90 na kankara a duniya - ba a fahimta sosai ba. Kuma duk da haka tudun kankara na yammacin Antarctic, wanda wasu daga cikinsu glaciers ke zubar da kankara cikin sauri cikin teku, "zai iya zama wuri mafi hatsari a wannan karni," in ji wani babban masanin yanayi na Amurka, James Hansen na NASA.

"Akwai yuwuwar hawan tekun mita da yawa," Hansen ya shaida wa Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press a makon da ya gabata. Lamarin ya kasance "abin tsoro," in ji babban masanin kimiyya na IPCC, Rajendra Pachauri, wanda ya gana da ministocin a Cape Town kafin jirginsu na sa'o'i tara daga Afirka ta Kudu.

Neman amsoshi ya kasance mabuɗin ga shekarar 2007-2009 International Polar Year (IPY), ƙungiyar masana kimiyya 10,000 da wasu 40,000 daga ƙasashe sama da 60 waɗanda suka tsunduma cikin bincike mai zurfi na Arctic da Antarctic a cikin lokutan bazara guda biyu da suka gabata - akan kankara. a teku, ta hanyar kankara, jirgin ruwa da tauraron dan adam na sa ido.

Mambobin 12 na Norwegian-American Scientific Traverse na Gabashin Antarctica - masu tattaki "suna zuwa gida" zuwa Troll - wani muhimmin bangare ne na wannan aikin, bayan da suka tona zurfin zurfin kankara na shekara-shekara a cikin wannan yanki da aka bincika, don tantancewa. nawa dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a tarihi da abubuwan da ke tattare da ita.

Irin wannan aikin za a haɗa shi da wani aikin IPY, ƙoƙarin da ake yi na taswira ta hanyar radar tauraron dan adam "filayen sauri" na dukkan zanen kankara na Antarctic a lokacin bazara biyu da suka gabata, don tantance yadda ake tura ƙanƙara cikin sauri a cikin tekun da ke kewaye.

Sa'an nan masana kimiyya za su iya fahimtar "ma'auni mai yawa" - nawa dusar ƙanƙara, wadda ta samo asali daga ƙawancen teku, ke kashe ƙanƙarar da ke zubar da teku.

"Ba mu da tabbacin abin da dusar ƙanƙara ta Gabashin Antarctic ke yi," David Carlson, darektan IPY, ya bayyana a makon da ya gabata daga ofisoshin shirin a Cambridge, Ingila. “Da alama yana gudana da sauri. To shin hakan yayi daidai da tarawa? Abin da suka dawo da shi zai zama mahimmanci don fahimtar tsarin. "

Ministocin muhallin da suka kai ziyarar sun hada da Aljeriya, Birtaniya, Kongo, Jamhuriyar Czech, Finland, Norway da Sweden. Sauran kasashe sun sami wakilcin masu tsara manufofin sauyin yanayi da masu yin shawarwari, ciki har da Xie Zhenhua na kasar Sin da Dan Reifsnyder, mataimakin mataimakin sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka.

A cikin dogon lokacin da suka yi a nan a ƙarƙashin hasken rana na sa'o'i 17 na lokacin rani na kudancin da ke mutuwa, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya ragu zuwa kusa da sifilin Fahrenheit (-20 digiri Celsius), baƙi na arewa sun yi kallon abubuwan ban mamaki na Sarauniya Maud Land, wani hani, dutsen kankara. Nisan mil 3,000 (kilomita 5,000) kudu maso yammacin Afirka ta Kudu, kuma ya zagaya da tashar binciken fasahar Troll na Norwegians, wanda aka inganta zuwa ayyukan shekara-shekara a 2005.

Siyasar yanayi babu makawa gauraye da kimiyya. An makale a birnin Cape Town na karin kwanaki biyu a lokacin da iska mai tsananin karfin Antarctic ta lalata jirgin da aka shirya yi a karshen mako, takwarorinsu na Scandinavia sun tarbi ministocin a hankali a lokacin cin abincin rana da kuma abincin dare tare da goyon bayan daukar matakin gaggawa kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta duniya don cin nasara kan yarjejeniyar Kyoto, yarjejeniyar rage gurbacewar iska. wanda zai kare a shekarar 2012.

Sabuwar gwamnatin Amurka ta shugaba Barack Obama ta yi alkawarin daukar mataki bayan shekaru da dama da Amurka ta yi na kin amincewa da matakin na Kyoto. Sai dai sarkakiyar al'amurra da iyakacin lokaci kafin taron Copenhagen a watan Disamba, ranar da aka cimma yarjejeniya, ya sa sakamakon ba shi da tabbas kamar makomar glaciers na Antarctica da kankara na ketare.

Yawancin bincike yana nan gaba, in ji masanan, gami da binciken yuwuwar dumamar yanayi da magudanar ruwan tekun Kudancin Tekun Antarctica. "Muna buƙatar sanya ƙarin albarkatu a ciki," in ji Carlson na IPY.

Masana kimiyyar da suka fito fili sun ce za a iya daukar matakan siyasa cikin gaggawa.

Hansen ya ce game da narkewar Antarctic: "Ba mu da tunanin zaɓen auduga idan muka bar wannan aikin ya fara." "Saboda ba za a daina ba."