Lokacin hutun balaguron balaguro ya ƙare da ban tausayi, wa ke da laifi?

Tunanin tafiya a gefen jirgin ruwa mai ban tsoro yana da ban tsoro. Minti daya mutum yana cikin kwanciyar hankali a kan bene, na gaba fasinja ya jefa labarai da yawa cikin ruwan inky, galibi ba a sake ganinsa ba.

Labari ne da aka yi ta rubutawa akai-akai a yanzu cewa zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa ta ƙara araha tare da jiragen ruwa da aka gina don ɗaukar ɗan ƙaramin birni. Amma a yayin da ake ci gaba da zarge-zarge game da tsaro da aka samu a masana'antar jirgin ruwa, masu bincike sun ce fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin na bukatar daukar karin alhakin kare lafiyarsu.

Douglas Ward, wani kwararre a cikin jiragen ruwa wanda ya sake nazarin masana'antar tsawon shekaru 43 ya ce: “An yi shaye-shaye da yawa fiye da yadda na gani a baya.

Ward, wanda ke zaune a Southampton, Ingila, kuma ya rubuta fiye da dozin biyu bugu na "Berlitz Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships," ya shaida wa ABCNews.com cewa yawancin mutanen da ke wuce gona da iri suna yin hakan ne da dare bayan sun sha mai yawa. .

A cikin 'yan makonnin da suka gabata, mutane biyu sun wuce cikin manyan jiragen ruwa na balaguro. Jennifer Ellis Seitz, 'yar shekara 36, ​​ta haye barandar jirgin ruwan Lu'u-lu'u na Norwegian da dare. Yayin da danginta suka ce matar ta Florida ta yi tsalle, hukumomi na ci gaba da bincike.

Bayan mako guda, a ranar Sabuwar Shekara, wani mutum da aka bayyana a matsayin ma'aikacin Carnival Sensation Antonio Matabang na California ya wuce cikin jirgin - sauran ma'aikatan jirgin da suka gan shi ya fadi daga jirgin a kusa da gabar tekun Florida. Tuni dai aka dakatar da neman gawarsa.

Domin layin jiragen ruwa ba sa bayar da rahoton laifuka da hatsari ga wata hukuma ta tsakiya, yana da wuya a iya auna daidai adadin mutane nawa ke wuce gona da iri a kowace shekara. Ɗaya daga cikin rukunin yanar gizon yawon shakatawa na yau da kullun ya sanya jimillar 2008 zuwa takwas, ya ragu daga 20 a 2007 da 22 a 2006.

Ward ya ce "A koyaushe ina ganin kamar daga manyan jiragen ruwa ne.

Waɗancan za su zama "jirgin ruwa na wuraren shakatawa" waɗanda ke mamaye masana'antar - waɗanda ke gudana ta manyan layukan kamar Holland America, Carnival, Celebrity, Royal Caribbean International da Layin Jirgin Ruwa na Norwegian waɗanda ke iya ɗaukar dubunnan fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin a lokaci guda.

Yayin da balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balagugu

"Yayin da kewayon shekaru ke raguwa, ya fi batun sha da nunawa," in ji Ward.

A cikin 2008, kusan mutane miliyan 16.8 sun yi balaguro, fiye da miliyan 11 daga cikinsu Amurkawa ne, in ji Ward. Wannan ya haura daga kimanin fasinjoji miliyan 9.4 a cikin 1999 da 500,000 a 1970.

Duk da yake kowane abin da ya faru a cikin ruwa yakan haifar da kanun labarai da yawa, adadin mutanen da a zahiri ke haye gefen jirgin kadan ne idan aka kwatanta da adadin fasinjojin da ke ɗauke da su cikin aminci.

"Kashi ne mai ƙanƙanta sosai," in ji Ward. "Tabbas, ba ma son kowa."

Yayin da Carnival ba ta fitar da bayanai kan bacewar Matabang ba sai dai a ce tana neman wani ma'aikaci ne a cikin ruwa, Ward ya ce an gaya masa cewa Matabang ya tsaya a kan layin jirgin ruwa yana daukar hoto, "wanda ya haramta" da "wawa". a kan jirgi mai motsi.”

Sa ido akan Fasinjoji

Yayin da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa ba za su iya kallon kowane baƙo a kowane lokaci ba, layukan jiragen ruwa sun ce suna yin sauye-sauyen tsaro don ɗaukar adadin fasinjojin.

Gary Bald babban mataimakin shugaban kasa ne kuma babban jami'in tsaro na duniya na Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., kamfanin iyayen Royal Caribbean International da Celebrity Cruises tsakanin sauran kayayyaki.

Bald, tsohon shugaban hukumar FBI reshen tsaron kasa, ya ce Royal Caribbean na da kyamarori na tsaro a cikin jiragen ruwa a kodayaushe, duk da cewa kamfanin ya kara fadada yawan kyamarori a cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, a wasu lokuta da daruruwan kowane jirgin ruwa.

'Yancin teku na Royal Caribbean, a halin yanzu jirgin ruwa mafi girma a cikin teku da ke da dakin fasinjoji sama da 3,600, yana da kyamarori tsakanin 700 zuwa 800, in ji Bald. Kuma yawanci ana kunna motsi.

Duk da yake ba dukkanin kyamarori ba a sa ido akai-akai, kyamarori suna kunna lokacin da aka gano motsi kuma suna rikodin daƙiƙa 30 kafin motsin da kuma daƙiƙa 30 bayan motsin ya tsaya.

Tsawon lokacin waɗannan fayilolin - yanzu dijital maimakon tsoffin kaset ɗin analog - ana kiyaye su ya bambanta, in ji Bald. Ana ajiye kaset ɗin fasinja da ke cikin ruwa har abada, yayin da za a iya goge hotuna daga wani jirgin ruwa maras kyau.

Kamar sauran manyan jiragen ruwa masu girma, jiragen ruwa na Royal Caribbean suma suna ɗauke da ƙananan jiragen ruwa waɗanda za a iya aika don bincika idan an san wani ya wuce cikin ruwa.

Carnival ta amsa ta hanyar e-mail ga tambayoyi game da tsaron jiragen ruwanta, yana mai cewa ma'aikatan na samun horo na musamman kan adana shaidun da FBI ke kula da su.

"Bugu da ƙari, duk jami'an tsaro suna samun horo mai gudana a lokaci-lokaci," in ji imel ɗin. " Horon da aka maimaita ya haɗa da sabuntawa game da kowane sabbin hanyoyin tsaro, da kuma horo a fannoni na musamman kamar ta'addanci, gano bam, rikici da gudanar da taron jama'a, agajin farko, kashe gobara da rigakafin gobara."

Lines na Norwegian Cruise Lines ya ki amsa takamaiman tambayoyi amma ya fitar da wata sanarwa, yana mai cewa a wani bangare, "Muna da matakan tsaro da yawa a wurin, ciki har da tsarin kula da lafiya da muhalli wanda jiragen ruwa ke amfani da su wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da takamaiman hanyoyin da za a bi lokacin da za a bi. wani lamari ya faru."

Me ya faru da Merrian?

Amma ko da tare da ingantaccen tsaro da horo, hatsarori suna faruwa.

Ken Carver ya kafa International Cruise Victims, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari da tallafi don laifukan balaguron balaguro da waɗanda abin ya shafa da danginsu, bayan 'yarsa Merrian Carver ta ɓace yayin wani balaguron balaguro na Agusta 2004 zuwa Alaska a cikin Celebrity Mercury.

Carver, wanda yake da shekaru 72 ya sanya ICV sabon aikinsa na cikakken lokaci, ya ce ya samu kiran waya daga diyar Merrian yana mai cewa mahaifiyarta ba ta dawo da kiran waya ba. Iyalin da ba a san su ba - Carver ya ce 'yarsa tana da ɗan ruhu mai 'yanci - Merrian, 40, ta yi ajiyar jirgin ruwa kuma ta hau a ranar 27 ga Agusta, kamar yadda aka lura ta katin kiredit da takaddun shaida daga Celebrity.

Amma jami'an kula da jiragen ruwa ba su iya gaya wa Carver ko 'yarsa ta taba sauka ba. Kuma, daga baya ya koya, wani ma'aikacin gida ya ba da rahoto ga mai kula da jirgin ruwa cewa Merrian ta daina amfani da ɗakinta bayan dare na biyu na jirgin ruwa.

Mai kulawa bai taba bayar da rahoton binciken ma'aikacin ba.

"An gaya masa ya manta da shi ya yi aikinsa," in ji Carver.

Merrian Carver ba a sake jin duriyarsa ba. Carver ya ce ya ji jita-jita tsawon shekaru cewa 'yarsa tana soyayya da mai kulawa wanda ya ki bayar da rahoton damuwar ma'aikacin gidan, amma ya ce hakan ba zai yuwu a tabbatar ba.

Carver ya ce ya dauki hayar wani jami'in bincike mai zaman kansa kuma ya kashe dubun dubatar daloli wajen binciken ayyukan 'yarsa na karshe kafin ya kai karar Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.

A cikin wata sanarwa da ta fitar, Royal Caribbean ta lura cewa binciken da FBI ta gudanar ya tabbatar da cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna rashin gaskiya game da bacewar Merrian Carver.

"A wannan lokacin, mun koyi daga mahaifinta cewa Ms. Carver na da matsalolin tunani kuma ta yi yunkurin kashe kanta a baya, wanda ta yi kama da ta yi a kan jirgin ruwa," in ji sanarwar.

Kamfanin jirgin ruwa ya ƙare tare da Carver daga kotu don adadin da ba a bayyana ba.

"Na san abin da ya faru da Merrian?" Yace. "Allah kawai ya sani."

Bald ya ce lamarin Carver ya zaburar da Royal Caribbean don yin sauye-sauye na tsari, gami da buƙatar duk fasinjojin da su yi amfani da katunan shaida da aka ba da jirgin ba kawai lokacin da suka hau jirgin ba amma lokacin da suka tashi.

Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka a shari’ar Carver, domin hukumomi ba su san ko ta wuce jirgin ba ko kuma ta bar jirgin da kanta a tashar jiragen ruwa.

"Muna koyo daga kowane lamari," in ji shi.

Har yanzu, Bald ya ce, "mun yi kuskure a cikin wannan kuma babu musun hakan."

Da farko, ya ce, akwai cuɗanya a cikin sadarwa game da kaset ɗin sa ido daga jirgin ruwa na Merrian Carver. An gaya wa Ken Carver cikin kuskure cewa an jefar da kaset ɗin makonni kaɗan bayan da jirgin ya ƙare, wanda ba su yi ba.

Kaset ɗin, analog a lokacin, ba su nuna hotunan Merrian Carver kwata-kwata ba, in ji Bald, amma an mayar da kaset ɗin a kan faifai kuma a ƙarshe sun ɓace lokacin da ya kamata a cece su.

Mai kula da wanda da alama ya kasa bayar da rahoton bacewar Carver an kawo karshen, in ji Bald.

Tun bayan bacewar Merrian Carver, Ken Carver ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga doka kan sake fasalin masana'antar ruwa.

An gabatar da kudirorin doka a Amurka a cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata da nufin masana'antar safarar ruwa, gami da kudurorin majalisar wakilai da na majalisar dattijai na hadin gwiwa wadanda suka bukaci karin rahoton aikata laifuka iri-iri da ingantacciyar amsa.

Ya zuwa yanzu, babu daya daga cikin takardun da aka zartar.

'Cikakken Laifi'

Tsohon dan majalisar wakilai na Amurka Christopher Shays, dan jam'iyyar Republican na Connecticut wanda bai tsaya takara ba a zaben watan Nuwamba, ya yi gyare-gyaren masana'antar safarar ruwa a matsayin wani shiri na kashin kansa bayan bin shari'ar George Smith, wani sabon aure da aka yi a Greenwich, wanda ya wuce cikin jirgin ruwan Royal Caribbean a lokacin hutun gudun amarci a 2005.

Shari'ar Smith ta dauki hankalin al'ummar kasar kuma ya sa 'yan majalisar suka gudanar da zaman majalisar tare da mayar da martani ga Royal Caribbean, wanda aka zarge shi a lokacin da daukar matakin bacin rai kan lamarin.

Shays ya gaya wa ABCNews.com cewa jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu "wurin aikata cikakken laifi ne."

"Ba kwa buƙatar babban makami, kuma shaidarku ta ɓace," in ji shi. "Sun ce su ƙaramin birni ne, amma ba su da kowa a cikin jirgin da zai iya bincikar wani laifi."

Shays ya bayyana masana'antar safarar jiragen ruwa a matsayin "mai karfi" kuma ya ce ya zuwa yanzu ta yi nasarar dakile duk wani yunkuri na kawo sauyi.

Amma Bald ya yi ba'a game da ra'ayin cewa layin jirgin ruwan nasa, aƙalla, ba ya isa lokacin da laifuffuka suka faru a cikin jirgin.

“Amsata gare su ita ce suna daya da ba mu ba da rahoto ba,” in ji shi. "Kuma babu wanda zai iya suna guda ɗaya."

Yawancin layukan jiragen ruwa, in ji Bald, sun rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta duniya ta son rai a cikin 1999 da ke buƙatar a kai rahoton duk laifuka ga hukumar tilasta bin doka da ke da hurumi, dangane da inda jirgin yake a lokacin.

Dokar ta ruwa ta kuma bukaci a kai rahoton duk laifukan da ke cikin jiragen ruwa zuwa kasar da ke dauke da tutar kasar - Girka, Panama da Bahamas su ne kasashe uku na tuta. A Amurka, layukan jiragen ruwa suna da yarjejeniya tare da FBI da Guard Coast don ba da rahoton laifuka a cikin ruwan Amurka ko kuma sun shafi 'yan Amurka.

Wasu ƙasashe, in ji Bald, suna da nasu dokokin game da laifukan da ke cikin jiragen ruwa.

Tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Brian David Bruns, wanda ya rubuta "Cruise Confidential" bisa ga kwarewarsa a matsayinsa na memba na ma'aikatan Carnival, ya ce akwai ƙananan hatsarori a kan jiragen ruwa fiye da yadda mutane za su yi imani.

"Amma yaro, yana yin babban labari," in ji shi.

Bruns ya ce yana aikin cin abinci na tsakar dare a shekarar 2003 lokacin da wani fasinja ya haye kusa da gabar tekun Gulf. Jita-jita, in ji shi, nan take ta fara yawo a cikin jirgin yayin da ya fara kewayawa zuwa inda aka ga matar ta karshe.

An fitar da kwale-kwalen ceto, amma gawar matar ba ta farfado ba har sai da ta wanke a bakin teku bayan wani lokaci. Bruns ya ce ya yi imani matar ta kashe kanta.

Bruns ya ce abu ne mai sauki a tausayawa dangin mutumin da ya tsallake rijiya da baya da kuma zargin layin jirgin ruwa, amma a zahiri, "akwai tsaro da yawa da za ku iya kafawa don hana mutane wuce gona da iri."

Ward ya amince. Yana ganin daki don ingantawa daga duka fasinjoji da masana'antar jirgin ruwa, kodayake watakila ƙari ga fasinjojin.

"A koyaushe akwai damar ingantawa," in ji shi. "Kuma ina tsammanin masana'antar za ta iya yin ɗan ƙaramin abu, musamman idan ta shafi aminci."

Ya kamata jiragen ruwa masu ruwa da tsaki su ci gaba da sanya karin kyamarori, in ji shi. Dangane da karuwar lokacin mayar da martani, Ward ya ce a halin yanzu ana binciken jiragen ruwa nan take. Idan an san wani ya wuce cikin ruwa, ana fara ayyukan ceto nan da nan, kodayake yana iya ɗaukar mil mil da yawa kafin jirgin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya, kuma ana buƙatar juyawa digiri 360 a hankali don kar jirgin ya jera a cikin ruwa. .

Bartenders, in ji shi, suma suna iya sanin abincin kwastomominsu.

A gefe guda, Ward ya ce, fasinjoji "kawai suna buƙatar sha da hankali."

"Suna bukatar su gane cewa jiragen ruwa abubuwa ne masu motsi," in ji shi, "kuma dogo suna can don wata manufa."