Haɗin yawon shakatawa na Lincoln

A cikin 'yan kwanaki, muna bikin cika shekaru biyu na haihuwar Lincoln. Wuri ɗaya musamman, gundumar Spencer, Indiana, tana da alaƙa da babban shugaban Amurka, kuma 2009 za ta kasance shekara ta musamman don bincika wannan yanki na tarihi.

An gabatar da ni zuwa gundumar Spencer ta hannun Paula Werne, darektan hulda da jama'a a Holiday World & Splashin' Safari. Holiday World wurin shakatawa ne na yanki wanda aka fi sani da Santa Claus Land. Lokacin da aka bude shi a cikin 1946, shi ne irinsa na farko a Amurka. Ya fara a matsayin abin jan hankali kyauta ga iyalai da ke ziyartar wuraren zama na yara na Lincoln, kuma ya girma zuwa wurin shakatawa mai mutuntawa na bikin Kirsimeti, Halloween, Godiya da 4 ga Yuli tare da hawan keke, nishaɗin rayuwa, wasanni da abubuwan jan hankali.

Paula Werne ta tarbe mu da babban runguma da cikakken ajanda na rukunin yanar gizon da za mu ziyarta a gundumar Spencer. Ban yi tsammanin irin wannan kyakkyawar tarba daga jami'in kamfani ba, amma yana daga cikin al'adun kamfaninsu - Holiday World ta sami matsayi na farko a rukunin "Friendliest Park Staff" tsawon shekaru goma a jere, kamar yadda Tikitin Zinare ya bayar. Ƙungiyar Kyauta, kuma an buga shi a cikin Mujallar Amusement Today.

Ta gayyaci iyalina zuwa cikin ƙofofin Holiday World kuma ta ba mu mulki kyauta. Filayen babu tabo. A cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata an zabe shi "The Cleanest Park in America," duk da cewa suna ba da iyakacin iyaka, kyauta soda pop a cikin kofuna na takarda duk tsawon yini a wurin rangwamen. Idan hakan bai wadatar ba, suna kuma ba da filin ajiye motoci kyauta, da hasken rana kyauta, da yin amfani da bututun ciki kyauta a wurin shakatawa na ruwa.

Paula ta gaya mani "Duniya Holiday na iya zama wurin shakatawa ɗaya tilo a duniya tare da sa hannun Abraham Lincoln akan nunin dindindin," yayin da ta jagorance ni zuwa gidan kayan tarihi a cikin rukunin. "Tarin Lincoln ya ƙunshi abubuwa iri-iri iri-iri daga rayuwar Ibrahim Lincoln, musamman daga shekaru 14 da ya kwashe yana girma 'yan mil kaɗan daga nan."

Paula ta ci gaba da cewa, “Bayyana shari’o’i 17 dalla dalla dalla dalla dalla dalla dalla dalla dalla daga rayuwar Shugaba Lincoln. Daga littattafai da kayan aiki zuwa haruffa da tufafi, wannan nunin yana ba wa baƙi ra'ayoyin Lincoln tun daga ƙuruciyarsa na majagaba zuwa shekarunsa na ƙarshe a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na 16."

Nunin ajin Lincoln ya haɗa da takaddun da ya rubuta yayin da yake ƙarami ɗalibi, da abubuwa na sirri da yawa mallakar danginsa.

"An kuma tsara tarin don zama kayan aikin ilimi ga kungiyoyin makaranta," in ji Paula, "kuma muna sa 2009 ta zama mafi kyawun shekara tukuna don iyalai su zo su koyi game da shugaban da ake so."

Paula kuma tana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Lincoln Boyhood, wadda za ta buɗe sabon wasan kwaikwayo na Lincoln a watan Yuni, 2009. A ziyarar mu zuwa Spencer County, "Young Abe Lincoln," wani wasan kwaikwayo na waje na kiɗa, ya kasance a kan mataki a The Lincoln State Park Amphitheater. Mun ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayon, wanda ɗan Indiana ne na "Oklahoma"; amma sabon wasan kwaikwayo na murnar cika shekaru biyu na haihuwar Lincoln alƙawarin zama fiye da haka.

Shugaban kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Lincoln Boyhood shine Will Koch, uban dangi wanda ke da Holiday World.

"An ƙirƙira halayen Lincoln a nan Kudancin Indiana," in ji shi. "Muna son sabon wasan kwaikwayon ya bar masu sauraro tare da fahimtar cewa yaron da ya zauna a nan daga shekaru 7 zuwa 21 ya zama babban shugaban kasa na musamman saboda abubuwan da ya samu kuma ya koya a nan."

Paula ta ce "Yawancin yanke shawararsa masu zafi sun yi tasiri a lokacin kuruciyarsa." "Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo ya nuna Lincoln a cikin shekarunsa na shugaban kasa, yana tunawa da lokacin yaro."

Bayan bincike na kasa baki daya, kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta zabi Dokta Ken Jones, Lois da Richard Rosenthal Chair a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Kentucky ta Arewa, don rubuta sabon wasan kwaikwayo. Dr. Jones ya kammala karatunsa daga Cibiyar Koyar da Harkokin Wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Harvard a Rubutun Wasa.

"Paula yana cikin kwamitin rubuta wasan wanda ya zaɓe ni," in ji Dokta Jones. "Ita ce mutum na farko da na hadu da shi a gundumar Spencer. Lokacin da na sadu da ita, na san ina son yin wannan wasan - tana da kyau sosai kuma tana da kirki da kirki. Kuna iya gaya wa Lincoln ya girma a wannan yanki, saboda yana nunawa a cikin ruhun mutanen gida. "

Dokta Jones yana zaune ne da sa'o'i uku da rabi daga Lincoln City, Indiana, amma a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ana zuwa don gudanar da bincike a kowane mako, yana ziyartar duk wuraren da aka sani cewa matashi Abraham Lincoln ya shiga.

“A cikin wasan kwaikwayon, muna jin bayi na gargajiya da kiɗan bishara. Wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa tana raka wasan kwaikwayo yayin da wasan kwaikwayo ke gudana. Hakanan za a sami maki mai nuna alama a cikin wasan," in ji Dokta Jones. “Za a sami fasahar watsa labarai da yawa. An yi hasashe a kan allo, a kan matakin da ke ƙasa Lincoln, masu sauraro za su ga hotunan Yaƙin Basasa, ƙauyen Indiana da ba a lalatar da su, ɗakunan katako, da lokuta masu raɗaɗi, kamar tunani daga mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Gabatar da kafofin watsa labarai da yawa yana da alaƙa da tasirin shugaban da ya tsara Amurka kamar yadda muka sani. "

“Wannan wasan kwaikwayo zai bambanta da yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na waje; Sarki Lion ne ya gana da Lincoln,” in ji Dokta Jones, wanda ya kwashe shekaru da yawa yana aiki a ayyukan kere-kere na Disney. “Tsarin mu yana da sabbin abubuwa tare da tsinkaya da lasers, da abubuwan da ke tattare da tarihi. Wannan hanya ce mai ban sha'awa don gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na waje."
Akwai al'amuran bakin ciki, masu motsi, da ra'ayi game da mutuwar mahaifiyarsa. Dr. Jones ya kirkiro wani yanayi inda Lincoln ya hadu da bawa a kan docks. Ko da yake Indiana ta kasance jihar 'yanci a lokacin, da ya ga bayi a Kentucky, wanda ke kusa da Kogin Ohio, wanda Lincoln ya bi ta a matsayin ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa.

"Wani lokaci a cikin aiki na biyu ya nuna Shugaba Lincoln a cikin tattaunawa da Janar Grant. A kan allo akwai tabo ga kuruciyarsa. Lincoln zai je wurin maƙeran, inda aka taru dattijai don yin magana. Wani mashawarci na musamman shine Kanar William Jones. A nan ne Lincoln ya koyi siyasarsa, in ji Dokta Jones, "kuma a nan, an daidaita tsakanin Janar Grant da Kanar Jones, masu sauraro suna ganin yadda matashin ya koyi abubuwa da yawa da ya yi daga mutanen yankin."

Melissa Miller ita ce babban darektan Ofishin Baƙi na Spencer County. Ta ce, "A cikin 2009, DNR za ta gudanar da aikin tono kayan tarihi a The Colonel Jones Home State Historic Site, neman kayan tarihi na zamanin Lincoln. Wannan gidan da aka dawo da shi a hankali na 1834 na tarayya na ɗan kasuwa na Abraham Lincoln yana ba da kyan gani na farkon ci gaban Indiana da rayuwar Kanar William Jones, wanda shi ma ɗan siyasa ne. "

Kauyen Lincoln Pioneer tarin tarin katako ne, gine-ginen jama'a, makarantu, da majami'u da aka sake gina su kamar yadda suka taɓa tsayawa a zamanin Lincoln a gundumar Spencer. Ƙauyen yana da ingantattun kayan tarihi da yawa, kamar majalisar ministocin da Thomas Lincoln, mahaifin Ibrahim ya gina, da rigar Sarah Grigsby, 'yar'uwar Lincoln.

Gay Ann Harney, mai magana da yawun Kauyen, ta ce masu fassarori masu tsada na zamani sun nuna dabarun kasuwanci na zamanin, kuma Mayu 16-17, Rendezvous na musamman na 1816-1830 zai gabatar da gasa ta Young Abe, bikin bikin aure na Lincoln & Grigsby, sansani, lodin muzzle da jefa tomahawk. zanga-zanga.

An kafa Cocin Baptist Little Pigeon a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1816, shekarar da Thomas Lincoln da iyalinsa suka tashi daga Kentucky suka zauna a Little Pigeon Creek a yankin Indiana. Wannan shine inda dangin Lincoln suka halarci sabis. Thomas Lincoln da ɗansa, Ibrahim, sun taimaka wajen gina shi. Bayanai sun nuna cewa mahaifin Lincoln, mahaifiyarsa, da 'yar'uwarsa sun kasance membobin wannan coci mai tsaurin ra'ayi. Ibrahim, duk da haka, bai zama memba ba. A ciki akwai maɓalli mai mahimmanci don fahimtar ainihin aƙidar Lincoln. Lokacin da ya zo ga hukuncin Lincoln na gaskiya ko kuskure, akidar Ikilisiya ta gamu da rashin kunya.

Dokta Mark A. Noll, farfesa na tarihi a Kwalejin Wheaton, a cikin littafinsa "A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada," ya rubuta cewa "Yana yiwuwa Lincoln ya juya baya ga tsarin Kiristanci ta abubuwan da ya fuskanta a matsayinsa na matashi New Salem, Illinois, inda ɓacin rai da rikice-rikice na bangaranci ke nuna taron sansani na shekara-shekara da hidimar masu wa'azi masu balaguro. "

Lincoln ba mabiyin darika bane. Ya kasance mai haɗin kai, ba mai raba ba.
Joseph Lewis ya nakalto a cikin “Lincoln the Freethinker,” shugaban ya ce, “Littafi Mai Tsarki ba littafina ba ne, ko Kiristanci ba sana’ata ba ce. Ba zan iya ba da amincewa ga dogayen kalamai masu rikitarwa na akidar Kirista ba.”

Lincoln yana da matsaloli tare da wasu ayyukan kirista na bogi - akwai ayoyin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da yawa waɗanda suka amince da bauta a fakaice ko a sarari, kamar Fitowa 21:20-21. Idan Lincoln ya kasance bi ko gay, kamar yadda masana da yawa ke jayayya, da zai iya kyamatar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na ƙiyayya ga dangantakar jima'i. Tsananin riko da ra'ayi na bangaranci ya kashe shi.

Jima'in Lincoln batu ne na muhawara. Dokta Andrew Sullivan, wanda ya sami digiri a tarihi a Jami'ar Oxford, kuma ya yi digiri na uku a gwamnati a Jami'ar Harvard ya rubuta, "Tabbas idan kuna neman bayyananniyar shaida na dangantakar jima'i tsakanin maza a lokacin Lincoln a cikin tarihin tarihi, ku 'zai zo ga ƙarshe cewa babu wanda ya kasance gay a cikin karni na sha tara. Amma ba shakka, da yawa sun kasance.”

A cikin littafin "The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln," CA Tripp, PhD, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da bincike na jima'i ya zana hoton Ibrahim Lincoln a matsayin dan luwadi da aka azabtar da shi, wanda abokantakarsa mai zurfi da maza kamar Joshua Speed ​​da Kyaftin David Derickson suka kasance. duk dan luwadi da madigo.

Dan jarida Cecil Adams yana "yaki da jahilci tun 1973" (wanda shine taken shafinsa); Ya ce "Lincoln ya kwana da wani mutum tsawon shekaru kuma da alama ba shi da amfani ga mata - za ku iya ganin inda mutane a zamanin yau za su iya yanke shawara. Idan aka yi la’akari da yadda al’amarin Thomas Jefferson/Sally Hemings ya kasance, ba zan yi saurin cewa sun yi kuskure ba.”

Kyaftin David Derickson abokin Lincoln ne tsakanin Satumba 1862 da Afrilu 1863. Sun yi gado a lokacin rashin matar Lincoln. Elizabeth Woodbury Fox, matar mataimakiyar sojojin ruwa ta Lincoln, ta rubuta a cikin littafinta na ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1862, "Tish ya ce, 'Oh, akwai wani sojan Bucktail a nan mai sadaukar da kai ga shugaban kasa, yana tafiya tare da shi, kuma lokacin da Mrs. L ba ta kasance ba. gida, ya kwana da shi."

Yanzu, kusan zan iya siyan bayanin cewa Lincoln ya kwana a gado ɗaya tare da Joshua Fry Speed ​​na tsawon shekaru huɗu saboda talauci da buƙatar ci gaba da ɗumi (har ma a waɗannan dare na 90 digiri). Amma bayan Lincoln ya zama shugaban kasa, bai bukaci ya kwanta tare da Kyaftin Derickson ba yayin da missus ya tafi saboda ko dai talauci ko rashin kwal a Fadar White House. A cikin katafaren gida mai daki 132, ya kasa samun inda zai kwana?

Jaridar LA Weekly ta buga wata waka mai ban tsoro game da auren luwadi da Lincoln ya rubuta a matsayin matashi a Indiana. Daya daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin wakarsa, Billy, an lura da shi ne da ciwon “karamin tsumma” (saboda abin da ke cikin wandonsa ya yi yawa sosai). Lincoln bai tallata rayuwarsa ta sirri ba. Kamar Bill Clinton, Ikklisiya ta matsa wa masu bautar Baptist ta kudu lamba don su tona cikakkun bayanai game da tserewar jima'i.

Mahaifina, kamar mahaifin Lincoln, mai tsaurin ra'ayi ne na kudancin Baptist. Manyan “zunubai” guda biyu da ke sa masu Baftisma su cika su ne liwadi da barasa. Tabbas, akwai sigar hukuma, sannan gaskiyar yadda mutane suke rayuwa. Rubuce-rubuce daga farkon 1800s, rasit da kwangiloli daga Cocin Baptist na Little Pigeon, sun haɗa da shigarwar suna dangin Thomas Lincoln. Mambobin cocin sun yi kwangila da masons don yin sabon bututun hayaƙi, suna ba da kayan siyar da kayayyaki irin su wiski don biyan kuɗi ga magina. Menene wuski yake yi a gidan katako na Baptist? Wataƙila ba za mu taɓa sani ba. Abin da ke faruwa a cikin katako yana tsayawa a cikin gidan katako.

Gidajen zamanin Lincoln sun kasance masu sauƙi kuma ba a ƙawata su ba. Melissa Miller ta bayyana dalilin da yasa take matukar son gidan Colonel Jones. “Ainihin gida ne da za ku iya bi ta cikinsa, tare da jerin hanyoyin yanayi. Yana wakiltar yadda rayuwa ta kasance a lokacin Lincoln, yana ba ku haske game da yadda manyan aji ke rayuwa. Sun yi babban aiki na maido da gidan zuwa yanayinsa na asali. A cikin kicin, kuna ganin yadda suka dafa a kan murhu. A lokacin, da an ɗauke shi a matsayin babban gida, amma bisa ga ƙa’idodinmu, ba za mu kira shi zama na manyan mutane ba.”

Farfesa Walter Beumel mai ritaya, PhD, shi ne mai kula da Gidan Gidan Lincoln, wanda ke kan harabar Buffalo Run Farm, mai nisan mil ɗaya daga gidan Lincoln. Dokta Beumel ya ce, “Dan uwan ​​Ibrahim Lincoln Dennis Hanks ya taɓa yin aiki a wani yanki na abin da ke yanzu gonar bauna. Dennis Hanks ya zauna a gidan Thomas Lincoln kuma ya auri 'yar uwar Abe, Elizabeth Johnston. Gidan yana hidima da manufar ilimi, a matsayin nau'in gidan kayan gargajiya da ke akwai don baƙi su ziyarta da shiga kowace shekara. Ana gudanar da zanga-zangar majagaba na tarihin rayuwa a cikin gidan don ƙungiyoyin yawon buɗe ido, ƙungiyoyin makaranta da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na musamman."

Ziyarar mu zuwa Buffalo Run Farm ta ba da dama mai wuya don yin odar abincin rana na burgers. Mun ɗan rikice game da bambanci tsakanin buffalo da bison. Mun tambayi Dr. Beumel me ya bambanta su biyun. Ya ce, “A fasaha, kuna kallon garken bison da ke cikin gonaki a can, bayan tudun. Yanzu, akwai buffalo na gaskiya guda biyu - bauna na Afirka, wanda ba a taɓa yin gida ba, kuma takwaransa ne na Asiya, buffalo na ruwa. Halittun da ke yawo a cikin nahiyar Amurka bison ne, ko da yake ana kiran su da baki.

Daga baya a ranar yayin da ya ziyarci Holiday World, shugaban wurin shakatawa Will Koch ya haɗu da Paula Werne, mahaifiyata, da ni don ba da labarun yadda iyalinsa suka shiga cikin ƙirƙirar wurin shakatawa na farko na Indiana, wanda yanzu ake kira Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. Wanda aka fi sani da Nancy Hanks Lincoln Memorial Park, wannan alamar ita ce wurin zama na Lincoln kuma yanzu makabartar mahaifiyar Ibrahim Lincoln, Nancy, wacce ta mutu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1818.

Will Koch cikin tawali'u ya ce mahaifinsa (Bill Koch) yana da tasiri wajen kafa dajin na kasa. Bisa ga kundin tarihin kasa, Bill Koch ne ya kirkiro tun farko. Shi ne mai hazaka a bayan tafiyar. Idan ba don burin Bill Koch ba, ƙila ba za a taɓa samun abin tunawa na ƙasa ba.

Paula Warne ta kara da cewa, "A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1962 Bill Koch yana nan lokacin da JFK ya rattaba hannu kan dokar da ta kafa Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial a Lincoln City, Indiana." (Zaku iya ganin hoton a Lincoln200.weebly.com)

Ta nuna mana alkalami na bikin da Shugaba Kennedy ya yi amfani da shi wajen sanya hannu a kan kudirin, wanda a yanzu ake nunawa a dakin taro na Lincoln Collection na Holiday World, da sauran abubuwan tunawa da daular Koch ta adana.

Iyalan da ke son samun hutu mai ma'ana a wannan shekara za su sami mako guda a tsohon filin tuƙa na Lincoln cikakkiyar haɗin nishaɗi, ilimi, da ganowa. Tare da kuɗaɗen kuɗi ga Amurkawa da yawa a wannan shekara, wannan yanki yana da kyau musamman tare da duk ayyukansa da abubuwan da suka faru masu tsada da tsada. Zuba jarin hutu a Lincolnalia na iya ba da riba mai wadatarwa.