Tasiri da kuma hanyar ci gaba ga Afirka game da yadda za a tsira da COVID-19

The Hukumar yawon shakatawa ta Afirka ya kafa kwamitin kula da yawon bude ido na COVID-19 a karkashin jagorancin Dr. Taleb Rifai da Alain St. Ange don jagorantar masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da yawon shakatawa na Afirka ta hanyar rikicin Coronavirus.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta fitar da wani rahoto kan tasirin cutar Coronavirus ga tattalin arzikin Afirka.

Ya zuwa ranar 9 ga Afrilu, yaduwar cutar ta kai kasashen Afirka 55: 12,734 sun kamu, 1,717 sun warke sannan 629 sun mutu; kuma baya nuna alamun raguwa. Afirka, saboda buɗaɗɗenta ga kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙaura, ba ta da kariya daga illolin COVID-19.

Bayan kamuwa da cutar ta farko a kasar Sin a karshen shekarar 2019, cutar Coronavirus (COVID-19) ta ci gaba da yaduwa a duniya. Babu wata nahiya da ta iya tserewa daga wannan kwayar cutar, wacce ta sami matsakaicin adadin mace-mace kusan kashi 2.3% (A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta kasar Sin). Ya zuwa yanzu, kusan mutane 96,000 ne suka mutu yayin da sama da mutane miliyan 1,6 suka kamu da cutar kuma 356,000 sun warke.

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ayyana barkewar cutar a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2020, COVID-19 ya zama gaggawa ta duniya, saboda tasirinta ga daukacin al'ummar duniya da tattalin arzikinta. Dangane da yanayin kwaikwaiyo na Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), ci gaban duniya zai iya faduwa da 0.5 na shekarar 2020.

Wasu majiyoyi da yawa kuma suna hasashen faɗuwar ci gaban duniya sakamakon tasirin fashewar COVID-19 kai tsaye. Tattalin arzikin duniya na iya shiga cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki a kalla a farkon rabin shekarar 2020, lokacin da ake kara tasirin rikicin kai tsaye da kai tsaye (misali wadata da bukatu, durkushewar kayayyaki, faduwar masu shigowa yawon bude ido, da sauransu). Sai dai yayin da cutar ke ci gaba a sannu a hankali a nahiyar Afirka, binciken da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi bai yi la'akari da tasirin tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka guda daya ba. Tabbas, Afirka ba ta yin rigakafi daga Covid19. Ya zuwa yau, bisa ga Binciken Covid19 da kuma exogenous.

Babban illolin ya fito ne daga alakar kasuwanci ta kai tsaye tsakanin nahiyoyin da abin ya shafa kamar Asiya, Turai da Amurka; yawon shakatawa; raguwar kudaden da ake fitarwa daga kasashen waje na Afirka; Zuba Jari kai tsaye da Taimakon Ci gaban Hukuma; ba bisa ka'ida ba, da kuma kara tsananta kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na cikin gida, da dai sauransu.

Illolin da ke tattare da cutar na faruwa ne sakamakon saurin yaduwar cutar a kasashen Afirka da dama.

A gefe guda, suna da alaƙa da cututtuka da mace-mace. A gefe guda kuma, suna haifar da rushewar ayyukan tattalin arziki. Wannan na iya haifar da raguwar bukatu na cikin gida na kudaden haraji saboda asarar mai da farashin kayayyaki tare da karuwar kudaden jama'a don kare lafiyar dan adam da tallafawa ayyukan tattalin arziki.

I.2. Makasudai

Yana da mahimmanci a tantance tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na COVID-19, duk da cewa cutar ba ta kai wani mataki ba a Afirka, saboda ƙarancin yawan bakin haure na duniya dangane da Asiya, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka da tsauraran matakan kiyayewa. a wasu kasashen Afirka. Tattalin arzikin Afirka ya kasance ba na yau da kullun ba kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana fuskantar bala'i na waje. A cikin binciken, muna amfani da hanyar da ta dogara da yanayin yanayi, don kimanta tasirin cutar a fannoni daban-daban na tattalin arzikin Afirka. Sakamakon wahalar kididdigar ainihin tasirin sakamakon rashin tabbas, da saurin sauye-sauyen yanayin cutar, da karancin bayanai, aikinmu ya mayar da hankali kan fahimtar yuwuwar illolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki don ba da shawarar shawarwarin siyasa don mayar da martani. rikicin. Darussan da aka koya daga binciken za su ba da karin haske kan hanyar da za a bi, yayin da nahiyar ke cikin wani muhimmin mataki na aiwatar da yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na nahiyar (AfCFTA).

I.3. Hanyar da Tsarin

Takardar ta gabatar da halin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke ciki a halin yanzu tare da yin nazari kan tasirin tasirin da tattalin arzikin duniya ke ciki. Dangane da bayanin takamaiman mahimman alamomin tattalin arzikin Afirka an gina al'amura guda uku.

Bayan haka, muna tantance tasirin tattalin arzikin Afirka ga kowane yanayi tare da gabatar da wasu mahimman matakan da zaɓaɓɓun ƙasashe membobin Tarayyar Afirka suka ɗauka. Takardar ta ƙare tare da ƙarewa da mahimman shawarwarin manufofin.

TATTALIN ARZIKI NA DUNIYA A YANZU

Rikicin da cutar sankarau ta haifar yana jefa tattalin arzikin duniya cikin zurfin da ba a san shi ba tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu, yana kara wa tattalin arzikin da tuni ke fafutukar farfado da rikicin kafin shekarar 2008. Bayan tasirinsa ga lafiyar ɗan adam (wanda ke haifar da cututtuka da mace-mace), COVID-19 yana tarwatsa tattalin arzikin duniya mai alaƙa ta hanyar sarƙoƙi na ƙimar duniya, wanda ke da kusan rabin kasuwancin duniya, faduwar farashin kayayyaki, kudaden shiga na kasafin kuɗi, rasidun musayar waje, tafiye-tafiyen kudi na kasashen waje, hana tafiye-tafiye, raguwar yawon bude ido da otal-otal, daskararre kasuwar kwadago, da sauransu.

Kwayar cutar ta Covid-19 tana shafar duk manyan tattalin arzikin duniya, yana hasashen babban rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya a cikin 2020.

Tarayyar Turai, Amurka da Japan ne ke da rabin GDP na duniya. Wadannan tattalin arzikin sun dogara ne akan kasuwanci, ayyuka da masana'antu. Sai dai matakan da aka dauka na dakile cutar ya tilasta musu rufe iyakokinsu da rage ayyukan tattalin arziki matuka; wanda zai haifar da koma bayan tattalin arziki a wasu daga cikin wadannan kasashe masu tasowa. Tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 16% na GDP na duniya, kuma ita ce abokiyar cinikayya mafi girma a yawancin kasashen Afirka da sauran kasashen duniya. Kungiyar OECD ta yi hasashen raguwar karuwar tattalin arzikin wadannan manyan kasashe kamar haka: China 4.9% maimakon 5.7%, Turai 0.8% maimakon 1.1%, sauran duniya 2.4% maimakon 2.9%, GDP na duniya ya fadi da 0.412 daga kwata na farko na 2020. UNCTAD yayi hasashen matsa lamba kan saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga -5% zuwa - 15%. The International Monetary

Asusun ya sanar a ranar 23 ga Maris 2020 cewa masu saka hannun jari sun cire dala biliyan 83 daga kasuwanni masu tasowa tun farkon rikicin.

Dangane da hasashen tattalin arzikin duniya na IMF, an yi hasashen ci gaban duniya zai kai kashi 2.5 cikin 2020 a shekarar 2.4, karin karuwa kadan idan aka kwatanta da 2019% a shekarar XNUMX, albarkacin sake dawo da ciniki da saka hannun jari a hankali.

A cikin ci gaban tattalin arziki, ana hasashen za a samu raguwar kashi 1.6% zuwa 1.4%, musamman saboda raunin da ke tattare da masana'antu. Kungiyar ta OECD ta rage hasashenta ga tattalin arzikin duniya, wanda ke nuni da cewa ci gaban duniya zai iya ragu zuwa kashi 1½% a shekarar 2020, rabin adadin da aka yi hasashen kafin barkewar cutar. Koyaya, kodayake yana da wahala a auna ainihin tasirin COVID-19 akan tattalin arzikin duniya, wasu sabbin abubuwa na iya nuna yadda tattalin arzikin duniya zai shafi:

Babban faɗuwar farashin kayayyaki. Farashin man fetur ya yi asarar kusan kashi 50% na darajarsu ya ragu daga dalar Amurka 67 ganga zuwa kasa da dalar Amurka 30 ganga guda.

Dangane da tallafawa farashin danyen mai da cutar ta Coronavirus ta yi kamari, manyan masu samar da mai sun ba da shawarar rage yawan hakowa, yayin da mutane ke cinyewa da raguwar tafiye-tafiye. Kungiyar masu fitar da mai ta OPEC ta amince da rage yawan man da ganga miliyan 1.5 a kowace rana (bpd) har zuwa watan Yuni kuma shirin ya kasance na jihohin da ba na OPEC ba, ciki har da.

Rasha, don bin yanayin. Sai dai kuma hakan bai samu ba yayin da kasar Saudiyya a ranar 08 ga watan Maris ta sanar da cewa za ta kara yawan albarkatun man fetur, lamarin da ya kara ta'azzara yakin man da ba na kungiyar OPEC ba, lamarin da ya janyo faduwar farashin mai.

Faduwar farashin danyen mai a karshen shekarar 2014 ya taimaka wajen samun raguwar ci gaban GDP a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara daga kashi 5.1 cikin 2014 a shekarar 1.4 zuwa kashi 2016 a shekarar 56. A wannan karon, farashin danyen mai ya fadi da kashi 2014 cikin dari cikin watanni bakwai. Faduwar farashin danyen mai a halin yanzu ya fi sauri, inda wasu manazarta ke hasashen raguwar farashinsa fiye da na shekarar 54. Tuni dai farashin danyen mai ya ragu da kashi 30 cikin 30 a cikin watanni ukun da suka gabata tun farkon wannan shekarar, inda a halin yanzu haka ake samun raguwar farashin danyen mai. farashin ya fadi kasa dala 4 kan kowace ganga. Hakanan farashin kayayyakin da ba na mai ba ya ragu tun daga watan Janairu, inda farashin iskar gas da karafa ya ragu da kashi 2020 da kashi 0.49 cikin dari, bi da bi (Brookings Institution, 0.47). Aluminum kuma ya faɗi da 1.64%; jan karfe 21% da gubar XNUMX%. Cocoa ya yi asarar kashi XNUMX% na darajarsa a cikin kwanaki biyar da suka gabata.

Hakanan farashin kayan masarufi na duniya, kamar shinkafa da alkama, na iya tasiri ga ƙasashen Afirka. Kasashen Afirka da dama ne masu shigo da kayayyaki masu amfani da yanar gizo. Idan barkewar COVID-19 ta kasance har zuwa ƙarshen 2020 ko kuma bayan haka, to tambayar za ta kasance ta yaya farashin waɗannan samfuran za su haɓaka.

Masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama da tafiye-tafiye na daya daga cikin bangaren da abin ya shafa.

Kudaden shiga masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama sun kai dala biliyan 830 a shekarar 2019. An yi hasashen wadannan kudaden shiga zuwa dala biliyan 872 a shekarar 2020. Yayin da adadin sabbin cututtukan ke ci gaba da karuwa a kowane bangare na duniya, gwamnatoci suna aiki tukuru don rage yaduwar cutar. Kasashe da yawa sun dakatar da tafiya mai nisa. Na 5th Maris 2020, Duniya

Kungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama (IATA) ta yi hasashen cewa Covid-19 na iya kawo cikas ga masana'antar tare da yin asarar kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 113. Ba a yi la'akari da wannan adadi ba saboda yawancin ƙasashe suna rufe iyakokinsu kuma babu wanda ya san lokacin da za a sake buɗe su.

Haka kuma harkar yawon bude ido na fuskantar irin wannan kalubale. A cewar hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.UNWTOƘididdiga na baya-bayan nan, za a sami faɗuwar faɗuwar tsakanin 20-30% wanda zai iya fassara zuwa raguwar rasidin yawon buɗe ido na duniya (fitarwa) tsakanin dalar Amurka biliyan 300-450, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dalar Amurka tiriliyan 1.5 da aka samar a shekarar 2019. Yin la'akari da yanayin kasuwannin da suka gabata, yana nuna cewa ƙimar haɓaka tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai za ta yi asara saboda Coronavirus. Gabatarwar takunkumin tafiye-tafiye da ba a taɓa gani ba a duk faɗin duniya, masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido na duniya za su faɗi da kashi 20% zuwa 30% a cikin 2020 idan aka kwatanta da alkalumman 2019. Miliyoyin ayyuka da yawa a cikin masana'antar suna cikin haɗarin ɓacewa saboda kusan kashi 80% na duk kasuwancin yawon buɗe ido ƙanana ne masu matsakaicin girma (SMEs). Masana'antar otal da baƙon baƙi za su yi asarar kashi 20% na jujjuyawar sa kuma wannan kashi na iya zama sama da 40% zuwa 60% ga ƙasashe kamar Cambodia, Vietnam da Thailand (inda sashin ke wakiltar kusan kashi 20% na aikin). Manyan wuraren yawon bude ido a Duniya sune Faransa mai yawan zuwa yawon bude ido miliyan 89 a duk shekara, Spain mai kusan miliyan 83; Amurka (miliyan 80), China (miliyan 63), Italiya (miliyan 62), Turkiyya (miliyan 46), Mexico (miliyan 41), Jamus (miliyan 39), Thailand (miliyan 38), da Burtaniya (miliyan 36). Yawon shakatawa tare da tallafin balaguro ɗaya cikin ayyuka 10 (miliyan 319) a duniya da samar da kashi 10.4% na GDP na duniya. kulle-kulle a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe ya nuna yadda tasirin Covid19 zai yi tasiri ga masana'antar yawon shakatawa a duniya.

Kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na duniya su ma suna jin illar illa sosai.

Bayan aukuwar Baƙin Litinin (9 ga Maris), manyan alkaluman kasuwannin hannayen jari sun ɗan ɗanɗana ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin ci gaba a tarihin su cikin shekaru da yawa. Dow Jones ya rasa kusan maki 3000 a rana guda. FTSE ya fadi da kusan kashi 5% kuma an kiyasta asarar sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 90, don suna biyu kawai. Bangaren banki ya yi asarar kusan kashi 40% na kimarsa a cikin watan da ya gabata kuma yanayin har yanzu yana nan daram.

Fihirisar Manajojin Sayen Masana'antu na Kasar Sin- auna matakin aikin masana'anta, tushen ku Bloomberg. Sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya ta sami matsala mai tsanani daga COVID-19. Kamar yadda bayanai da ginshiƙi suka nuna a cikin Graph 7, tun lokacin da aka fara bullar cutar ta COVID-19, abin da ake fitarwa a China ya ragu sosai daga kashi 50% a watan Janairu zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu 37.5%. Wannan mummunan koma baya na masana'antu yana da matukar tasiri ga kasashe yayin da kasar Sin ke kan gaba wajen samar da injuna don ababen more rayuwa da motoci. Don inganta yaduwar cutar yawancin masana'antu sun rufe aiki.

Haɓaka cikin rashin aikin yi a duniya tsakanin miliyan 5.3 ("ƙananan yanayin") da miliyan 24.7 ("babban labari"). Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin duniya a halin yanzu na iya kara yawan rashin aikin yi a duniya da kusan miliyan 25, a cewar wani sabon kima da kungiyar kwadago ta duniya ILO ta yi. Ƙididdiga na ILO na iya dogara ne akan ayyukan yi na yau da kullun a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi na baya-bayan nan, yawan ayyukan yi masu rauni ya kai kashi 76.6 cikin 66 a yankin kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka, tare da ayyukan da ba na noma ba a tattalin arzikin da ba na yau da kullun ba wanda ke wakiltar kashi 52 cikin 76.6 na jimillar ayyukan yi da kashi 2014 a arewacin Afirka. An kiyasta ƙimar aikin yi mai rauni a kashi 2015 a cikin XNUMX (ILO, XNUMX).

Martani game da rikicin da ke faruwa a ƙasashe daban-daban Gwamnatoci a duniya suna jajircewa kan tasirin rikicin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Tasirin annobar cutar da matakan da aka aiwatar don rage yaduwa da kuma “lalata karkata” ba makawa za su shafi matakan ayyukan tattalin arziki. Sabanin rikicin da ya gabata, sabon yanayin ya haɗu da wadata da abubuwan buƙatu a sassa da yawa.

Don rage tasirin rikicin akan gidaje da kamfanoni, gwamnatoci suna ƙirƙira ɗimbin martani na siyasa, gami da tallafin shiga kai tsaye, tsawaita haraji na garanti, jinkirin biyan ruwa kan bashi.

Kungiyar OECD ta samar da tarin matakan da kasashe mambobinta suka dauka wadanda ake da su www.oecd.org/coronavirus/ha/

Kasashe da yankuna da yawa na tattalin arziki sun ɗauki matakan tattalin arziki da na kuɗi don ɗaukar Covid-19 yayin da suke ba da tallafin kuɗi ga ayyukan tattalin arzikinsu. Cibiyoyin Bretton Woods sun sanya tsarin bayar da lamuni na gaggawa da wuraren ba da kuɗaɗe don tallafawa Ƙasashensu. Mai zuwa yana taƙaita zaɓaɓɓun matakan da aka ɗauka zuwa yanzu a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa har zuwa 25 ga Maristh, 2020:

G20: Don shigar da sama da dala tiriliyan 5 cikin tattalin arzikin duniya, a zaman wani bangare na manufofin kasafin kudi da aka yi niyya, matakan tattalin arziki da kuma tsare-tsare masu ba da garanti ga rugujewar tattalin arziki daga barkewar cutar.

China: Ƙananan ajiyar kuɗi da 'yantar da fiye da dala biliyan 70.6 don haɓaka tattalin arziki da kuma ba da sanarwar taimakon dala biliyan 154.

Koriya ta Kudu: Bankin Koriya (BOK) (rage yawan riba daga 1.25 zuwa 0.75%) da 16, dala biliyan 7 a matsayin martani ga Covid-19.

Ingila: Bankin Ingila (rage yawan riba daga 0.75% zuwa 0.25%) kuma ya sanar da biliyan 37 a matsayin martani ga Covid-19

Tarayyar Turai: ECB ta sanar da Tallafawa Tattalin Arzikin EU na Yuro biliyan 750.

France: ta sanar da Euro biliyan 334 a matsayin martani ga Covid-19

Jamus: Yuro biliyan 13.38 a matsayin martani ga Covid-19

Amurka: Babban bankin Amurka ya rage yawan manufofin sa da maki 150 zuwa kewayon 0 - 0.25 bisa dari a cikin makonni biyu da suka gabata tare da gabatar da matakan tsuke bakin aljihu don sauƙaƙa tsauraran yanayin samar da kuɗi kuma Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Amurka ta ware biliyan 2000 don tallafawa SMEs, Iyali. : Iyalin mutane 4 $ 3000; Dala Biliyan 500 Manyan Kamfanoni, Masana'antar Jirgin Sama Dala Biliyan 50.

Australia: Dala biliyan 10.7

New Zealand: Dala biliyan 7.3

Bankin Duniya: Dala biliyan 12

IMF: a shirye take don tara karfin bayar da lamuni na dala tiriliyan 1 don taimakawa mambobinta. Waɗannan kayan aikin na iya ba da dala biliyan 50 ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. Za a iya ba da har dala biliyan 10 ga mambobi masu karamin karfi ta hanyar samar da kudade na rangwame, wadanda ke dauke da kudin ruwa maras amfani.

BINCIKEN TASIRI GA TATTALIN ARZIKI NA AFRIKA

Rikicin Covid-19 yana shafar tattalin arzikin duniya baki daya da na Afirka. Tuni dai wasu muhimman sassa na tattalin arzikin Afirka ke fuskantar koma baya sakamakon annobar. Yawon shakatawa, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, da kuma bangaren mai suna da tasiri sosai. Koyaya, ana sa ran tasirin Covid-19 mara ganuwa a cikin 2020 ba tare da la'akari da tsawon lokacin cutar ba. Don tantancewa, an gina al'amura (duba shafi na 1) bisa ga zato wanda ke la'akari da matsalolin tattalin arziki, al'umma da zamantakewa.

Don tantance tasirin, takarda ta yi la'akari da yanayin 2 masu zuwa:

Nano 1A cikin wannan yanayin na farko, cutar ta shafe watanni 4 a Turai, China da Amurka kafin a shawo kan su kamar haka: Disamba 15, 2019 - 15 Maris 2020 a China (watanni 3), Fabrairu - Mayu 2020 a Turai (watanni 4) ), Maris - Yuni 2020 (US) (watanni 4) China, Turai da Amurka (Amurka, Kanada da sauransu) a cikin lokutan Disamba 15, 2019 - 15 Maris 2020 a China (watanni 3), Fabrairu - Mayu 2020 a Turai (watanni 4), Maris - Yuni 2020 (US) (watanni 4). Ana sa ran tattalin arzikinsu zai farfado daga farkon Yuli 2020. A cikin wannan yanayin, cutar za ta ci gaba har tsawon watanni 5 daga Maris - Yuli 2020 kafin a daidaita shi (Afirka ba ta da tasiri sosai, manufofi da matakan da aka sanya don ɗaukar da kuma tallafin abokan tarayya. , kuma maganin jinya zai takaita yaduwar cutar.

Nano 2: A cikin wannan yanayin, mun yi la'akari da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in cuta): watanni 3 (Dec. - Maris) a kasar Sin, watanni 4 (Fabrairu-Yuni) a kasashen Turai da Amurka da watanni 6 (Maris-Agusta) a kasashen Afrika. A wannan yanayin, ma'auni shine tasiri na matakan siyasa waɗanda aka ƙara zuwa ƙarfin kayan aiki don tantance tsawon lokacin cutar a cikin yankuna daban-daban.

Tasirin Duniya Akan Tattalin Arzikin Afirka
Wannan sashe yana tantance tasirin Covid-19 ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka da wasu takamaiman sassa.

Tasiri kan Ci gaban Tattalin Arzikin Afrika

Ci gaban Afirka ya inganta sosai cikin shekaru goma 2000-2010. Bayan wannan shekaru goma na sabunta kwarin gwiwa, shakku ya tashi kan ikon Afirka na ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Wani muhimmin dalilin da ya haifar da wannan shakku shi ne dorewar da manyan kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki a Afirka suke yi kan farashin kayayyaki a duniya.

Juyayin farashin albarkatun kasa da ya fara a cikin 2014, ya dakatar da ci gaban da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a cikin 2000s, tun daga shekarun 1970. Ta haka ne ci gaban tattalin arzikin ya faɗi, daga + 5% a matsakaici tsakanin 2000 da 2014 zuwa + 3.3% tsakanin 2015 da 2019. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na sha'awa da jin daɗi, Afirka ta sake fuskantar rashin isassun haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar tattalin arziƙin don cimma koma bayan tattalin arzikin. . Amma duk da haka, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yi kiyasin samun karuwar kashi 7% na nahiyar don rage talauci sosai.

Hasashen tare da matsakaicin yanayin yanayin da aka ba da haɓaka na 3.4% a cikin 2020 (AfDB, 2019). Duk da haka, tare da mummunan tasiri a kan muhimman sassan tattalin arziki kamar yawon shakatawa, tafiye-tafiye, fitarwa; tare da faduwar farashin kayayyaki, raguwar albarkatun gwamnatoci don ba da kuɗin zuba jari na jama'a, ba zai yuwu ba a cimma wannan kyakkyawan hasashen haɓakar ƙima a shekarar 2020.

Hasashen haɓakawa a cikin 2020 (kafin COVID-19 rikicin S1 tasirin (Raguwa idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar a cikin 2020) tasirin S2 (Raguwa idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar a cikin 2020)

A cikin al'amuran guda biyu, ci gaban Afirka zai ragu sosai zuwa maras kyau. Farkon yanayin asali na S0 Ya kasance, ba tare da bayyanar Covid-19 ba, haɓakar haɓakar 3.4% zuwa Afirka a cikin 2020 (AfDB, 2020). S1  da S2 al'amuran (na gaskiya da rashin bege) kimanta ci gaban tattalin arziki mara kyau na -0.8% (asara  4.18 pp kamar yadda aka kwatanta da tsinkayar farko) da -1.1 bisa dari (asara na 4.51 pp idan aka kwatanta da farkon  tsinkaya) na kasashen Afirka a cikin 2020. Matsakaicin yanayin wanda shine matsakaicin nauyi na yuwuwar1  daga cikin al'amuran guda biyu kuma yana nuna mummunan girma na -0.9 bisa dari (-4.49% pp kamar yadda aka kwatanta da tsinkayar farko).

Cutar sankarau ta COVID-19 ta kama kusan dukkan kasashen Afirka kuma tana shirin yin muni matuka. Rugujewar tattalin arzikin duniya ta hanyar sarkar darajar duniya, faduwar farashin kayayyaki da kuma kudaden shiga na kasafin kudi da kuma tilasta tafiye-tafiye da zamantakewa a yawancin kasashen Afirka su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunan ci gaban. Ana hasashen fitar da kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su kasashen Afirka za su ragu da akalla kashi 35 cikin 2019 daga matakin da aka cimma a shekarar 270. Don haka, an yi kiyasin hasarar da aka samu a cikin dalar Amurka biliyan 130. Don yaki da yaduwar cutar da kuma jinya zai haifar da karuwar kudaden da jama'a ke kashewa a Afirka da aka kiyasta zuwa akalla biliyan XNUMX.

Zaton da aka yi akan al'amuran 2 shine cewa suna iya daidaitawa don haka suna da dama iri ɗaya na ganewa.

 

Asarar Ayyuka da Ayyuka a Masana'antar Yawon shakatawa da Balaguro ta Afirka

Yawon shakatawa, wani muhimmin bangare na ayyukan tattalin arziki ga kasashe da yawa a Afirka, COVID-19 zai yi tasiri sosai tare da takaita zirga-zirgar tafiye-tafiye, rufe kan iyakoki da nisantar da jama'a. IATA ta kiyasta gudummawar tattalin arzikin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama a Afirka akan dalar Amurka biliyan 55.8, wanda ke tallafawa ayyukan yi miliyan 6.2 kuma yana ba da gudummawar 2.6% na GDP. Wadannan hane-hane sun shafi kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa da suka hada da Giant African Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, Egyptair, Kenya Airways, South African Airways, da dai sauransu. Abinda ya fara shafa zai haifar da wani bangare na rashin aikin yi na ma'aikatan jirgin da kayan aiki. Koyaya, a cikin lokutan al'ada, kamfanonin jiragen sama suna jigilar kusan kashi 35% na kasuwancin duniya, kuma kowane aiki a cikin jigilar jiragen sama yana tallafawa wasu 24 a cikin jerin ƙimar balaguron balaguro, wanda ke haifar da kusan ayyukan yi miliyan 70 (IATA, 2020).

Sanarwa daga IATA ta nuna cewa "kudirin kasa da kasa a Afirka ya ragu da kusan kashi 20% a cikin Maris da Afrilu, ajiyar cikin gida ya ragu da kusan kashi 15% a cikin Maris da 25% a cikin Afrilu. Dangane da sabon bayanan, wannan kuɗin tikitin ya karu da kashi 75% a cikin 2020 idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a cikin 2019 (01 Fabrairu - 11 Maris) ".

Dangane da wannan bayanan, kamfanonin jiragen sama na Afirka sun riga sun yi asarar dalar Amurka biliyan 4.4 na kudaden shiga nan da 11 ga Maris, 2020 saboda COVID19. Jirgin na Ethiopian Airlines ya nuna asarar dala miliyan 190.

Yawan masu yawon bude ido a nahiyar ya ci gaba da karuwa tare da matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara na 5% a cikin adadin 15 akai-akai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Adadin su ya kusan miliyan 70 a cikin 2019 kuma an yi hasashen zai kai miliyan 75 a 2020 (UNWTO). Balaguro da yawon bude ido na daya daga cikin manyan injunan ci gaban tattalin arzikin Afirka, wanda ya kai kashi 8.5% na GDP a shekarar 2019 a cewar Hukumar Kula da Balaguro da Balaguro ta Duniya.WTTC).

 Kudaden yawon bude ido a cikin GDP (%) a wasu kasashen Afirka 2019

Ga kasashen Afirka 15, bangaren yawon bude ido yana wakiltar sama da kashi 10% na GDP sannan kashi 20 cikin 55 na kasashen Afirka, rabon yawon shakatawa a arzikin kasa ya zarce kashi 8%. Wannan sashin yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga GDP a ƙasashe kamar Seychelles, Cape Verde da Mauritius (sama da kashi 25% na GDP).

Yawon shakatawa na daukar ma'aikata fiye da miliyan daya a kowace kasashe masu zuwa: Najeriya, Habasha, Afirka ta Kudu, Kenya, da Tanzaniya. Ayyukan yawon shakatawa ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 20 cikin ɗari na jimillar ayyukan yi a Seychelles, Cape Verde, São Tomé da Principe, da Mauritius. A cikin rikice-rikicen da suka gabata, ciki har da rikicin kudi na 2008 da girgizar farashin kayayyaki na 2014, yawon shakatawa na Afirka ya yi asarar da ya kai dala biliyan 7.2.

A karkashin matsakaicin yanayin, fannin yawon shakatawa da tafiye-tafiye a Afirka na iya yin asarar akalla dala biliyan 50 sakamakon barkewar cutar ta Covid 19 da kuma a kalla ayyuka miliyan 2 kai tsaye da na kai tsaye.

Fitar da Afirka

A cewar UNTACD, a tsawon lokacin (2015-2019), jimillar ƙimar kasuwancin Afirka ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 760 a kowace shekara wanda ke wakiltar kashi 29% na GDP na Afirka. Cinikin tsakanin Afirka ya kai kashi 17% na jimlar cinikin kasashen Afirka.

Ciniki tsakanin kasashen Afirka na daya daga cikin mafi kankanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna na duniya, a kashi 16.6% na jimillar. Ƙananan matakan sauye-sauye na masana'antu, ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, haɗin gwiwar kuɗi da kuɗi da kuma shingen jadawalin jadawalin kuɗin fito da kuma ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba, sune tushen wannan yanayin. Wannan ya sa tattalin arzikin Afirka ya zama maras nauyi kuma mai kula da firgici da yanke shawara daga waje.

Abokan ciniki na Afirka

Kayayyakin da nahiyar ke fitarwa sun mamaye albarkatun kasa, wanda ke sa ta samu karancin tayi daga masana'antun Turai, Asiya da Amurka. Faduwar farashin danyen man fetur da kuma rangwamen bukatar su ma suna shafar ci gaban kasashen Afirka kai tsaye.

Manyan abokan kasuwancin Afirka sun hada da Tarayyar Turai da China da kuma Amurka. Tarayyar Turai, ta hanyar EU saboda ƙaƙƙarfan alakar tarihi da nahiyar Afirka, tana gudanar da mu'amala mai yawa, wanda ya kai kashi 34%. Kashi 59 cikin 20.7 (18.5%) na kayan da Arewacin Afirka ke fitarwa na zuwa Turai ne, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 44.3 na Kudancin Afirka. Kasar Sin a fannin bunkasa masana'antu tsawon shekaru goma tana daga matsayin kasuwancinta da Afirka: kashi 6.3% na kayayyakin da Afirka ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Sin ne. Kashi arba'in da hudu (2019%) na kayayyakin da Afirka ta tsakiya ke fitarwa zuwa kasar Sin ne, idan aka kwatanta da kashi XNUMX na Arewacin Afirka (AUC/OECD, XNUMX).

Fiye da kashi uku na ƙasashen Afirka suna samun mafi yawan albarkatunsu daga fitar da albarkatun ƙasa zuwa ketare. Babban ci gaban tattalin arzikin da Afirka ta samu kusan kashi 5 cikin 14 a cikin shekaru 2014 da suka wuce 2014 ya samu goyon bayan tsadar kayayyaki. Misali, faduwar farashin mai a karshen shekarar 5.1 ya taimaka wajen samun raguwar ci gaban GDP ga kasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara daga kashi 2014 cikin 1.4 a shekarar 2016 zuwa kashi XNUMX a shekarar XNUMX.

Albarkatun Afirka da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba suna fitar da su a matsayin kaso na GDP daga 2000 zuwa 2017.

A yau, danyen mai yana fuskantar kaduwa mafi girma a tarihinsa, inda ya fado kasa da dala 30 a kowace ganga, sakamakon dakatar da kasuwancin duniya (wanda aka fara a kasar Sin tun daga watan Janairu) biyo bayan barkewar cutar ta Covid-19, a lokaci guda kuma rashin jituwa tsakanin Saudiyya da Rasha. Saboda faduwar farashin mai a halin yanzu, babbar matsalar kasuwanci ita ce ga kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki, inda kasashen Aljeriya, Angola, Kamaru, Chadi, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Najeriya, da Jamhuriyar Kongo ke cikin wadanda abin ya shafa.

Faduwar farashin mai za ta yi wa kasashen Cemac mummunar illa, abin da zai kara ta'azzara karancin kudaden kasashen waje, kuma mai yiwuwa ya karfafa ra'ayin rage darajar kudin CFA. Yawan man da ake fitarwa ya kai kashi 3 cikin 40 na GDP a Afirka ta Kudu (wanda ya riga ya kasance cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki da kuma nuna raunin hangen nesa) zuwa kashi 90 cikin 70 a Equatorial Guinea da kusan jimillar kayayyakin da Sudan ta Kudu ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen ketare, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar samun kudaden shiga. Ga Najeriya da Angola da ke kan gaba wajen samar da man fetur a nahiyar Afirka, kudaden shigar man fetur na wakiltar sama da kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na abubuwan da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen ketare da kuma sama da kashi XNUMX% na kasafin kudin kasarsu, kuma da alama faduwar farashin zai yi musu katutu.

Hukumar kula da tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta yi kiyasin asarar da ke da nasaba da faduwar farashin gangar gangar da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 65, inda ake sa ran za a yi asarar dalar Amurka biliyan 19 a Najeriya. Misali, Najeriya ta yi hasashen kasafin kudinta na rubu'in farko bisa hasashen tsohon farashin ganga kan dalar Amurka 67. Wannan farashin yanzu ya ragu da fiye da 50% (OECD Development Centre, 2020). Al’amarin Najeriya ya ta’allaka ne kan yanayin da kasashen ke ciki ya danganta da kudaden shigar man fetur musamman da kuma albarkatun kasa baki daya, wadanda a yanzu dole ne su rage hasashen kudaden shigarsu na akalla kashi biyu na farko. Alkaluma sun nuna cewa Angola da Najeriya za su iya yin asarar kudaden shiga da ya kai dala biliyan 65. Hakan zai yi tasiri wajen rage yawan kudaden da ake samu daga kasashen ketare da kuma yadda za su iya aiwatar da shirye-shiryensu na raya kasa cikin sauki, kuma kokarin rage talauci zai yi tasiri. Haka kuma, waɗannan ƙasashe za su buƙaci albarkatu masu yawa don yaƙar cutar ta Covid-19 da tasirin tattalin arziki. Ya zuwa ranar 4 ga Maris, kusan kashi 70 cikin 95 na jigilar danyen mai da ake shigowa da su cikin watan Afrilu daga Angola da Najeriya har yanzu ba a sayar da su ba, haka ma sauran masu fitar da mai na Afirka irin su Gabon da Kongo suma suna fuskantar matsalar samun masu saye. Sudan ta Kudu da Eretria suma sun fuskanci durkushewar kasuwanci da karyewar hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a China. Siyan kasar Sin ya kai kashi 58 cikin XNUMX na kayayyakin da Sudan ta Kudu ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen ketare da kuma kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na na Eritriya.

Kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su Afirka suna fama da Covid-19. Faduwar shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje da kuma karancin kayayyakin masarufi da ake shigowa da su daga kasar Sin, ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kasashen Afirka ta Kudu, Ghana da dai sauransu. Yawancin kananan matalauta masu shigo da kaya, ’yan kasuwa da masu amfani da su a Najeriya, Uganda, Mozambik, da Nijar ne rikicin ya shafa yayin da suke samun abin dogaro da kai na cinikin kayayyakin kasar Sin kamar su masaku, kayan lantarki, da kayayyakin masu gida.

Tallafin waje na Afirka

Tattalin Arzikin Afirka a koyaushe na fuskantar matsalar rashin daidaituwar asusu na yau da kullun wanda galibi ke haifar da gibin ciniki. Yayin da tattara kudaden shiga cikin gida ke ci gaba da yin karanci a Afirka, yawancin kasashen Afirka sun dogara kacokan kan hanyoyin samar da kudade na gibin da suke da shi a halin yanzu. Sun haɗa da FDI, saka hannun jari na fayil, aika kuɗi, taimakon bunƙasa hukuma, da bashi na waje. Koyaya, kwangilar da ake tsammani ko raguwar ƙasashe na asali na iya haifar da raguwa a matakin Taimakon Ci Gaban Jama'a (ODA), Zuba Jari kai tsaye na Ƙasashen Waje (FDI), shigar da hannun jarin Fayil da Kuɗaɗen da ke kwarara zuwa Afirka. Kazalika hasarar da ake yi a cikin kudaden shiga na haraji da kudaden waje saboda tabarbarewar harkokin tattalin arziki za su tauye karfin kasashen Afirka wajen samar da kudaden ci gabansu da kuma haifar da faduwar darajar kudin gida da faduwar darajar waje.

Kuɗi: Kudaden da ake turawa su ne mafi girma tushen isar da kudaden kasa da kasa zuwa Afirka tun daga shekarar 2010, wanda ya kai kusan kashi uku na jimillar kudaden da ake samu daga waje. Suna wakiltar mafi kwanciyar hankali tushen kwararar ruwa, wanda kusan ya karu sosai tun daga 2010. Duk da haka, tare da ayyukan tattalin arziki a cikin ayyukan zinariya a yawancin ci gaba da kasuwanni masu tasowa, kudaden da ake aikawa zuwa Afirka na iya samun raguwa sosai.

Kudade a matsayin kaso na GDP ya zarce kashi 5 cikin 13 a kasashen Afirka 23, kuma ya kai kashi 12 a Lesotho da sama da kashi 60 a Comoros, Gambia, da Laberiya. Idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka fi karfin tattalin arziki a Afirka, Masar da Najeriya ne ke da kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na kudaden da ake shigowa da su nahiyar Afirka.

Zuba Jari kai tsaye na Waje: A cewar UNCTAD (2019), kwararar FDI zuwa Afirka ya karu zuwa dala biliyan 46 duk da koma bayan da aka samu a duniya, karuwar kashi 11 cikin 2016 bayan faduwa a jere a 2017 da 5. Wannan karuwar ta samu goyon bayan ci gaba da neman albarkatu, wasu jari daban-daban da kuma farfadowa. a Afirka ta Kudu bayan shekaru masu yawa na shigowa cikin ƙananan matakan. Kasashe 2017 na farko da suka karɓi sun kasance a cikin 5.3: Afirka ta Kudu ($ 165.8 biliyan, + 6.8%), Masar ($ 8.2 biliyan, -3.6%); Maroko ($ 35.5 biliyan, + 4.3%), Kongo (biliyan 2.1, -3.3%); da Habasha (dala biliyan 17.6, -5%). Tare da yanayin yaduwar cutar ta kama daga kwanciyar hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa ci gaba a cikin shekara, raguwar da ake sa ran za a samu na kwararar FDI a duniya zai kasance tsakanin -15% da -2020% (idan aka kwatanta da hasashen da aka yi a baya wanda ke yin hasashen ci gaba mai girma a yanayin FDI don 2021-19). Dangane da bayanan UNCTAD, OECD ta nuna da wuri, alamun yuwuwar tasirin Covid-100 akan ribar FDI da aka sake sakawa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na masana'antun ƙasa da ƙasa (MNEs) a cikin Manyan 19 na UNCTAD, bellwether na yanayin saka hannun jari gabaɗaya, sun fitar da sanarwa kan tasirin Covid-XNUMX akan kasuwancin su.

Da yawa suna rage kashe kashe kudi a yankunan da abin ya shafa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ribar - zuwa yau, 41 sun ba da faɗakarwar riba - za su fassara zuwa ƙananan kudaden da aka sake zuba jari (babban ɓangaren FDI). A matsakaita, manyan MNEs 5000, waɗanda ke da babban kaso na FDI na duniya, sun ga raguwar kiyasin 2020 da aka samu na 9% saboda Covid-19. Mafi wahala shine masana'antar kera motoci (-44%), kamfanonin jiragen sama (-42%) da makamashi da masana'antar kayan yau da kullun (-13%). Ribar MNEs da ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa sun fi fuskantar haɗari fiye da na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba MNEs: ƙasa mai tasowa MNE jagorar ribar MNE an sake bitar ƙasa da kashi 16%. A Afirka, wannan bita ya kai 1%, idan aka kwatanta da 18% a Asiya, da 6% a LAC (UNCTAD, 2020). Bugu da kari, an riga an cire manyan kudade daga nahiyar; misali, a Najeriya All Share Index ya yi rajista mafi muni na tsawon shekaru goma a farkon Maris yayin da masu zuba jari a ketare suka janye. Masana sun yi kiyasin cewa gaba daya Afirka na iya yin asarar kusan kashi 15% na kudaden shigar FDI zuwa nahiyar.

Yawancin kasashen Afirka har yanzu suna ci gaba da dogaro da taimakon raya kasa a hukumance domin samun kudaden ci gabansu saboda yanayin tattalin arzikinsu. Dangane da bayanan OECD, kamar yadda a ƙarshen 2017, ODA tana wakiltar 4% da 6.2% na GDP bi da bi a Afirka ta Tsakiya da Gabashin Afirka.

A cikin ƙasashen Afirka 12, shigowar ODA a cikin 2017 ya zarce 10% na GDP (tare da 63.5% a Sudan ta Kudu). ODA ta ƙunshi kashi 9.2% na GDP na ƙasashen Afirka masu karamin karfi (AUC/OECD, 2019). Yanayin tattalin arziki na yanzu a cikin ƙasashe masu ba da gudummawa zai iya yin tasiri ga adadin ODA da aka kai wa waɗannan ƙasashe.

Kudaden shiga gwamnati, kudaden gwamnati da basussuka na gwamnati

Tun daga shekarar 2006, kudaden haraji ya karu sosai kwata-kwata, yayin da kasashen Afirka ke kara samun arziki. Kudaden haraji sun karu da cikakkar sharuddan. Mafi girman tushen kudaden haraji shine haraji akan kayayyaki da ayyuka, wanda ya kai kashi 53.7% na jimlar kudaden haraji akan matsakaita a cikin 2017 tare da VAT kadai ke wakiltar 29.4%. Adadin haraji zuwa GDP ya tashi daga kashi 5.7% a Najeriya zuwa kashi 31.5 a Seychelles a shekarar 2017. Seychelles, Tunisia, Afirka ta Kudu da Morocco ne kawai ke da rabon haraji zuwa GDP sama da kashi 25% yayin da yawancin kasashen Afirka ke faduwa tsakanin kashi 11.0%. kuma 21.0%. Matsakaicin rabon haraji-zuwa-GDP na 17.2% ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa (idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashen Latin Amurka (22.8% da ƙasashen OECD (34.2%)) (AU/OECD/ATAF, 2019) don ba da kuɗin sabis na yau da kullun na musamman na kiwon lafiya. tare da babban yuwuwar yaduwar cutar ta Covid19 a Afirka, Gabaɗaya ƙasashe 20 na Afirka za su iya yin asarar kusan kashi 20 zuwa 30% na kudaden shigarta na kasafin kuɗi, wanda aka kiyasta ya kai biliyan 500 a shekarar 2019. Gwamnatoci ba za su sami wani zaɓi ba face dogaro da kasuwannin duniya. wanda zai iya kara yawan bashin kasashe.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da bashi don zuba jari mai albarka ko haɓaka haɓakawa maimakon kiyaye tsare-tsaren kashe kuɗi. Akwai babban yuwuwar cewa ƙasashe da yawa za su iya fuskantar matsala a cikin hannun jarin basussuka na waje da kuma biyan kuɗin hidima saboda karuwar gibin kasafin kuɗi yayin da za a fi mai da hankali kan biyan bukatun zamantakewa ciki har da tsarin kula da lafiya, tattalin arziƙin zamantakewa ga masu gida, SMEs da kamfanoni. Amma duk da haka kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙasashen Afirka sun rigaya ko kuma za su kasance cikin babban haɗari sakamakon haɓakar matakan basussuka na baya-bayan nan saboda ingantacciyar ƙasa (haɓakar masu ba da gudummawar ƙasashen biyu da kuma waɗanda ba mazauna gida ba ga lamuni da aka bayar na ƙasa a kasuwannin Afirka). . Bashi a kasashen Afirka da dama yana kan rangwame ne, kuma cibiyoyi daban-daban ba su da wani zabi da ya wuce taimaka wa kasashe wajen samun saukin wa'adi. Duk da haka, kasashen da ke da basussukan kasuwanci daga kasashe masu tasowa za su bukaci sake farfado da tattalin arzikin da ake ciki a halin yanzu. A cewar EIU Viewswire (2020), alkaluman musanya na bashi na shekaru biyar sun karu (Angola da kashi 408 cikin 270 a duk shekara a karshen Maris, na Najeriya da kashi 101% da na Afirka ta Kudu da kashi XNUMX%).

Wannan yanayin yana da matukar damuwa musamman tun lokacin da manufofin kasafin kudi a kasashen Afirka na da matukar tasiri, ma'ana cewa kashe kudi yana karuwa a lokuta masu kyau amma yana fada cikin mummunan hali. Za a shafa kashe kudaden jama'a saboda karancin albarkatun da rikicin Covid-19 zai haifar. Kudaden da ake kashewa wajen raya ababen more rayuwa na iya raguwa da akalla kashi 25% saboda karancin kudaden haraji da wahalar tattara albarkatun waje.

Kudaden da gwamnatocin kasashen Afirka ke kashewa suna wakiltar kashi 19% na GDPn nahiyar kuma yana ba da gudummawar kashi 20% wajen bunkasar tattalin arzikin kowace shekara. Kudaden da jama'a ke kashewa a Afirka sun mamaye kashe kudade a fannin kiwon lafiya, ilimi da tsaro da tsaro. Wadannan wurare 3 suna wakiltar fiye da kashi 70% na kudaden jama'a. Ana sa ran kashe kudi da gwamnati ke kashewa ga tsarin kiwon lafiya zai karu domin dakile yaduwar Covid19 da takaita tasirin tattalin arziki. A matsayin tunatarwa, cutar Ebola ta kashe mutane 11,300 sannan bankin duniya ya yi kiyasin asarar tattalin arzikin da ya kai dala biliyan 2.8, amma duk da haka kwayar cutar ta afkawa Afirka ta tsakiya da yammacin Afirka kawai.

Ayyuka: Yayin da matakan tattalin arziƙin na da nufin tallafawa fannin na yau da kullun, yana da mahimmanci a lura da cewa ɓangaren na yau da kullun na ƙasashe masu tasowa yana ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 35 na GDP kuma yana ɗaukar sama da kashi 75 na ma'aikata. Girman rashin gaskiya yana wakiltar kusan kashi 55% na jimlar jimlar GDP na Afirka kudu da hamadar Sahara, a cewar Bankin Raya Afirka (2014) koda kuwa ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa ya tashi daga ƙarancin kashi 20 zuwa 25 a Mauritius. , Afirka ta Kudu da Namibiya zuwa sama da kashi 50 zuwa 65 a cikin Benin, Tanzania da Najeriya (IMF, 2018). Ban da fannin aikin gona, rashin sanin ya kamata yana wakiltar tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 90% na aikin yi. Bugu da ƙari, tattalin arziki na yau da kullun21 a Afirka ta kasance a cikin mafi girma a duniya kuma ta ƙunshi nau'in girgizar al'umma a cikin manyan biranen Afirka. A yawancin ƙasashen Afirka, kusan kashi 90% na ma'aikata suna cikin ayyukan yau da kullun (AUC/OECD, 2018). Kusan guraben ayyukan yi miliyan 20, a sassa na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun, na fuskantar barazanar lalacewa a nahiyar idan lamarin ya ci gaba. Rushe sarƙoƙin ƙima, kullewar jama'a da rufe gidajen abinci, mashaya, dillalai, kasuwancin yau da kullun da sauransu zai haifar da cikas a yawancin ayyukan yau da kullun. Kusan ƙungiyoyi 10 na 'yan wasa na yau da kullun a Afirka ta Kudu sun yi kira ga Gwamnati da ta samar da canjin kudaden shiga ga mutanen da ba za su iya aiki ba yayin lokacin kulle-kulle. Wasu ƙasashe kamar Maroko sun riga sun kafa hanyoyin tallafawa gidaje. Ganin girman sashin da ba na yau da kullun ba a Afirka, yakamata gwamnatin ƙasa ta ɗauki matakin gaggawa don tallafawa mutanen da suke rayuwa a ciki.

Taimakawa sassan da ba na yau da kullun ba, ba wai kawai zai tabbatar da ingancin matakan takaita yaduwar cutar da tallafawa cin abinci na gida ba amma kuma zai takaita hadarin tashin hankalin jama'a. A matsakaita da kuma na dogon lokaci, ya kamata gwamnatocin Afirka su goyi bayan daidaita sassan da ba na yau da kullun ba tare da mai da hankali kan kariyar zamantakewa ga ma'aikatan sashen. A bangare na yau da kullun, ma'aikatan kamfanonin jiragen sama da kamfanonin da ke da sha'awar yawon bude ido za su fi fuskantar matsalar, idan ba a samu tallafi daga gwamnatocin Afirka ba.

Gabaɗaya, Covid19 na iya yin tasiri na gefe - yiwuwar tashin hankali na zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da ɗaukar Coronavirus.

A gefe guda, gaggawar lafiyar ƙasa na iya sa mutane su bar gunaguni na siyasa a halin yanzu (kowa ya san abin da riguna masu launin rawaya ke ciki a Faransa kwanakin nan?) - A gefe guda, ga wani labari game da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 8 da aka kashe a Guinea a lokacin rikicin Ebola:

A cikin ƙasashen da ke da tarihin rikicin addini, wannan na iya zama abin damuwa.

Tsarin kula da lafiya zai fuskanci matsala: Rikicin Covid19 zai shimfida tsarin kiwon lafiya da tuni marasa galihu ke da shi a nahiyar. Bukatar masu fama da cutar covid-19 za ta mamaye cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya kuma marasa lafiya da ke da manyan cututtuka kamar AIDS, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro ba za su rasa damar shiga da/ko isasshen kulawa ba kuma hakan na iya haifar da karin cututtuka da mace-mace. Bugu da kari, cutar ta coivd-19 za ta haifar da karancin magunguna da kayan aikin lafiya a karshe. Manyan kasashen Afirka da ke samar da magunguna su ne Tarayyar Turai da Asiya. Sai dai kamfanonin kera magunguna a wadannan kasashe sun tsaya cik saboda tsauraran matakan kawar da su a kasashen da ke fama da matsalar kamar Spain da Italiya da Faransa. Don haka, idan annobar ta kai matakin da ta kai, zai yi wahala wadannan kasashe su yi jinyar majinyatansu. Landry, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim ​​(2020) ta yi kiyasin cewa kasashen Afirka za su bukaci karin dala biliyan 10.6 wajen kashe kudaden kiwon lafiya kan cutar. Matsalar kiwon lafiya na iya yin tasiri wajen magance wasu cututtuka a Afirka. A Turai, gwamnatoci sun jinkirta jiyya ba na gaggawa ba bayan lokacin kulle-kullen. A lokacin da kasar Guinea ta fuskanci matsalar Ebola a shekarar 2013-2014, tuntubar likitoci a matakin farko ya ragu da kashi 58 cikin 54, yayin da ake kwantar da marasa lafiya da kashi 30 cikin 74,000, sai kuma alluran rigakafi da kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX, kuma akalla mutane XNUMX da suka kamu da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro ba su samu kulawa a cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar jama'a ba.

Kalubalen tsaro: Cutar na iya haifar da kalubalen tsaro a yankin Sahel, saboda da yawa daga cikin wadannan kasashe na cikin hadari saboda tashe-tashen hankula da suka haifar da dimbin jama'a da suka rasa matsugunansu. Covid19 ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da wannan yanki ya riga ya fuskanci ƙalubalen ƙalubale na rashin ƙarfi, rikici da tashin hankali saboda ko dai ta’addanci. hade da masu jihadi, mayakan sa kai na al'umma, 'yan fashi, rashin zaman lafiyar siyasa da/ko sauyin yanayi. Yayin da gwamnatocin kasa da cibiyoyin yanki ke kokarin dakile yaduwar Covid19, wannan yana barazana ga kiyaye tabbatar da tsaro da tsaro a wannan yanki. Harin na baya-bayan nan na kungiyar Boko Haram Kungiyar da ke dauke da makamai a kasar Chadi da ta kashe sojoji akalla 92 a ranar 25 ga watan Maris, ta nuna raunin yankin. Bugu da kari, a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (30 Maris 2020), ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2020, mutane 765,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu a cikin gida kuma miliyan 2.2 na bukatar agajin jin kai a Burkina Faso. Yaduwar da annoba a wannan yanki za ta yi wahala ga jami'an tsaro, masu ba da lafiya da kungiyoyin agaji na kasa da kasa don samar da ceto ga al'ummar yankin.

Afirka na shigo da kusan kashi 90% na kayayyakin da take amfani da magunguna daga wajen nahiyar, musamman daga China da Indiya. Abin takaici, kiyasi sun nuna cewa kudaden da ake samu a shekara daga marasa inganci da/ko magungunan jabu sun haura dalar Amurka biliyan 30, a cewar rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya na 2017 na cinikin magungunan jabu. Nahiyar Afrika ce tafi kowacce kasa nauyin cututtuka masu yaduwa da kuma wadanda ba za su iya yaduwa ba wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga babbar kasuwa ga masana'antar harhada magunguna. Don haka, tare da kafa yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na nahiyar Afirka (AfCFTA) tare da bude kasuwar sama da ka'ida 1.2, zai zama muhimmi wajen tabbatar da kare wannan kasuwa ta Afirka biliyan 1.2 daga jabun kayayyaki da ayyuka na jabu.

Haka kuma, annobar da ake fama da ita a halin yanzu ta tabbatar wa nahiyar Afirka cewa ba za ta iya ci gaba da dogaro da masu samar da kayayyaki na waje ba don bukatunta na ciki a cikin kayayyaki kamar dabaru kamar na magunguna. Don haka, ya kamata kasashe su yi amfani da wannan damar wajen hanzarta aiwatar da shirin samar da magunguna na Afirka da kafa hukumar kula da magunguna ta Afirka ta hanyar ba da fifiko wajen zuba jari don bunkasa karfin doka; bin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don haɗuwa da daidaita ka'idodin samfuran likitanci a cikin RECs; ware isassun kayan aiki ga AMA kamar yadda shawarwarin da Majalisar AU ta yi a jere kan lamarin ta gindaya.

Tasiri kan mafi girman tattalin arzikin Afirka

Kasashe biyar masu karfin tattalin arzikin Afirka (Nigeria, Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Aljeriya da Maroko) suna wakiltar sama da kashi 60% na GDPn Afirka. Matsayin tasirin Covid19 ga waɗannan ƙasashe 5 na tattalin arziƙin zai zama wakilci ga ɗaukacin tattalin arzikin Afirka. Bangaren yawon bude ido da man fetur suna wakiltar kusan kashi 25 cikin XNUMX na tattalin arzikin wadannan kasashe.

Barkewar cutar ta Covid19 ta yi mummunar illa ga waɗannan tattalin arziƙin, saboda yawancinsu suna da mafi girman matakin kamuwa da cuta. Ana sa ran girma zai ragu sosai a cikin su duka. Faduwar farashin mai zai haifar da koma bayan tattalin arzikin Najeriya da Aljeriya.

Tasirin Covid19 akan sarkar darajar duniya yana shafar masana'antar kera motoci ta Maroko; wakiltar kashi 6 na GDP a tsawon lokacin 2017-2019. Har ila yau, za a fuskanci matsalar fitar da fosfat din da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, wanda ya kai kashi 4.4 da kashi 6 na GDPn kasar. Masana'antun Masar da suka dogara da abubuwan da ake samu daga kasar Sin da sauran kasashen waje abin ya shafa kuma ba za su iya biyan bukatun kasuwannin cikin gida da na kasa da kasa ba. Bangaren yawon bude ido yana fuskantar koma baya tare da takunkumin da zai yi illa ga saka hannun jari a cikin gida da ayyukan yi a kasar. Kudade na daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun kudade daga kasashen waje na Masar. Ya kai a shekarar 2018 sama da dala biliyan 25.5, idan aka kwatanta da dala biliyan 24.7 a shekarar 2017 yayin da a Najeriya, kudaden da ake fitarwa sun kai dalar Amurka biliyan 25.08 a shekarar 2018, wanda ya kawo kashi 5.74 na GDP. Dukkan kasashen biyu ne ke da sama da kashi 60 cikin 19 na kudaden da ake shigowa da su Afirka. Covid450 na barazana ga manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga ga Afirka ta Kudu: ma'adinai da yawon shakatawa. Rushewar kasuwar Sin na iya rage bukatar albarkatun kasa na Afirka ta Kudu da suka hada da iron, manganese da chromium ores zuwa kasar Sin (wanda ya kai kwatankwacin Yuro miliyan XNUMX da ake fitarwa duk shekara). Kasar ta shiga cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki a cikin rubu'i na hudu na shekarar da ta gabata, rikicin da ake ciki zai kara tabarbarewar kudaden gwamnati da kuma rashin aikin yi a kasar.

Manyan masu samar da mai

Ƙasashen mai za su sami kyakkyawan fata na tattalin arziki fiye da dukan nahiyar. Masu fitar da mai da iskar gas na Afirka ba su yi hasashen irin wannan bala'i ba, saboda kudaden shigar da iskar gas na da muhimmanci ga kasafin kudinsu da kuma cika alkawuran da suka yi na kasa da kasa. Najeriya (2,000,000 ganga / rana), Angola (1,750,000 b / d), Algeria (1,600,000 b / d), Libya (800,000 b / d), Masar (700 000b / d), Kongo (350,000b / d), Equatorial Guinea (280,000b / d), Gabon (200,000b / d), Ghana (150,000b / d) Sudan ta Kudu (150,000b / d), Chadi (120,000 b / d) da Kamaru (85,000 b / d) suna fuskantar Covid -Rikicin 19 wanda mai yiwuwa ya fi na 2014, a lokacin tashin man fetur na baya bayan da suka kasa daidaita tattalin arzikinsu. A shekarar 2014, farashin danyen mai ya ragu daga dala 110 zuwa kasa da dala 60, daga baya kuma ya ragu zuwa kasa da dala 40 kan kowace ganga a shekarar 2015 (CBN, 2015). Wannan yana nuna sama da kashi 60 cikin XNUMX na raguwar kuɗin shiga na ƙasa na ƙasashen masu fitar da kayayyaki.

Gibin kasafin su zai zama fiye da ninki biyu. Tabarbarewar farashin man fetur na da matukar tasiri wajen habakar tattalin arziki da canjin canji ga Najeriya da kuma tasirin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kaikaice ta hanyar canjin kudi (Akaller da Bukar Nuhu, 2018). Don haka masu hako mai za su shiga cikin kasadar faduwar darajar kudadensu a lokacin wannan rikici. Musamman kasashen Afirka ta tsakiya wadanda a cikin wadannan shekarun da suka gabata, za a kara gwada su, saboda karancin karfin da ake samu da kuma karancin karfin tattalin arziki da man fetur da ma'adinan ruwa ke zama babbar hanyar samun kudin shiga. Man fetur ya kai fiye da rabin kudaden haraji da kuma sama da kashi 70% na fitar da kasa daga kasashen waje. Tare da raguwar farashin iskar gas da raguwar samar da kayayyaki sakamakon rufe wasu kamfanoni da ke da hannu a cikin sarkar darajar, kudaden shiga da suka shafi Man Fetur da sauran iskar gas na iya raguwa da akalla kashi 40 zuwa 50% a nahiyar.

Rikicin tattalin arziki na iya zama mai tsanani fiye da wanda aka samu a shekarar 2014. IMF ta kiyasta cewa kowane kashi 10 cikin 0.6 na faduwar farashin man fetur, a matsakaita, za a samu raguwar karuwar masu fitar da mai da kashi 0.8 cikin XNUMX da kuma kara gibin kasafin kudi da kashi XNUMX bisa dari na GDP.

Farashin mai ya ragu daga watan Yunin 2014 zuwa Maris 2015, saboda karuwar yawan mai a Amurka da sauran wurare da kuma raguwar bukatar duniya. Wannan faɗuwar ta haifar da tasirin kai tsaye ta hanyar ciniki da tasirin kai tsaye ta hanyar haɓakawa da saka hannun jari da canje-canjen hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Misali, faduwar farashin mai da kashi 30 cikin 2014 ( IMF da WB sun yi hasashen hakan yayin da kusan faduwar da aka samu tsakanin 2015 da 63) ana sa ran kai tsaye ya rage darajar man da ake fitarwa a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara da dala biliyan 15 (manyan wadanda suka yi asara sun hada da Najeriya, Angola). , Equatorial Guinea, Kongo, Gabon, Sudan), da kuma rage shigo da kayayyaki da kimanin dala biliyan XNUMX (manyan masu riba sun hada da Afirka ta Kudu, Tanzania, Kenya, Habasha). Tasirin ciniki yana ciyarwa zuwa ga tattalin arziƙin ciki har da ta hanyar asusu na yanzu, matsayi na kasafin kuɗi, kasuwannin hannun jari, saka hannun jari da hauhawar farashi. Ana sa ran raguwar farashin mai zai rage girma.

Ana sa ran karuwar basussuka na akalla kashi 5 zuwa 10 na GDP a kasashen da ke hako mai. Faduwar farashin man fetur da sauran iskar gas za ta rage yawan kudaden shiga a wannan fanni. Wakilin wani kaso mai yawa na kudaden shiga na kasafin kudi a cikin manyan kasashe 10 masu arzikin man fetur, kudaden shigar da iskar gas, tare da raguwar farashinsu, zai yi babban tasiri kan kudaden da kasashen Afirka ke kashewa. Akalla ana sa ran raguwar kudaden shigar mai a nahiyar da kashi 50%.

Bangaren man fetur yana wakiltar manyan 10 masu arzikin mai na Afirka kashi 25% na jimlar GDP. Man fetur, tare da sauran albarkatun ruwa, yana da sama da kashi 20% na GDP na manyan kasashe 10 na Afirka (Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Aljeriya, Maroko, Angola, Kenya, Habasha, Ghana da Tanzaniya). Najeriya na iya yin asara har dala biliyan 19 yayin da kasar za ta iya rage jimillar danyen mai da take fitarwa a shekarar 2020 tsakanin dala biliyan 14 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 19 (idan aka kwatanta da hasashen fitar da danyen mai ba tare da COVID19 ba).

Sakamakon lissafin bisa yanayin S1 da S2 ya nuna cewa tattalin arzikin Afirka da Man Fetur da Hydrocarbons ke mamayewa wato rukunin manyan kasashe masu arzikin mai zai fi shafa (-3% na ci gaban GDP a 2020) fiye da tattalin arzikin Afirka ta duniya.

 Tasiri kan manyan wuraren yawon bude ido

A cewar Majalisar Kula da Balaguro da Balaguro ta Duniya (WTTC), masana'antar yawon bude ido ta ba da gudummawar kashi 8.5% (ko $194.2bn) na yawan kayayyakin cikin gida na nahiyar (GDP) a cikin 2018. Bugu da ƙari, Afirka ta kasance yanki na biyu mafi saurin bunƙasa yawon buɗe ido a duniya tare da 5.6% a cikin 2018 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin matsakaicin duniya. kashi 3.9%. Daga cikin masu zuwa yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa biliyan 1.4 a shekarar 2018, Afirka ta samu kashi 5% kacal a cewar hukumar yawon bude ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.UNWTO).

Manyan wuraren yawon bude ido a Afirka sun hada da Maroko da ke zuwa yawon bude ido kusan miliyan 11 a shekara, Masar (miliyan 11.35), Afirka ta Kudu (miliyan 10.47), Tunisia (miliyan 8.3) da Zimbabwe (miliyan 2.57).

Hasashen masana'antar yawon shakatawa na Afirka yana da ƙarfi sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna na duniya. An yi hasashen zai karu tsakanin kashi 3 zuwa kashi 5 cikin 2020 a shekarar XNUMX. Duk da haka, tare da takunkumin da ake ci gaba da yi, otal-otal na korar ma'aikata kuma hukumomin balaguro suna rufewa a yawancin kasashen Afirka, ana iya tsammanin samun ci gaba mara kyau.

Tasirin Covid19 gaba daya kan tattalin arzikin manyan kasashen yawon bude ido zai yi yawa fiye da na dukkan tattalin arzikin Afirka. Masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta ba da gudummawar fiye da kashi 10 na GDP na ƙasashe masu zuwa:

Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius, Gambia, Tunisia, Madagascar, Lesotho, Rwanda, Botswana, Masar, Tanzania, Comoros da Senegal a 2019. A cikin wadannan kasashe, ana sa ran ci gaban tattalin arziki zai ragu a matsakaici zuwa -3.3% a cikin 2020. yayin da a kasashen Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius da Gambiya, tasirin zai fi girma a kalla -7% a cikin 2020.

Matakan Tattalin Arziki da Kuɗi don rage tasirin tattalin arziki

Kasashen Afirka sun riga sun fuskanci tasirin kai tsaye (cututtuka da mace-mace) da kuma tasirin kai tsaye (ayyukan tattalin arziki) na Covid19 kuma ana sa ran lamarin zai ta'azzara a duk wani yanayi da kwayar cutar ta bulla wacce ta riga ta shafi kasashe 43 na nahiyar. Yawancin gwamnatocin Afirka da cibiyoyin yanki na daukar matakan takaita tasirin cutar kan tattalin arzikinsu. An taƙaita wasu daga cikin waɗannan matakan a cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa:

Matakan gwamnati (ciki har da Babban Bankuna) don rage tasirin tattalin arzikin Coronavirus a kan tattalin arzikin ƙasa

Ofishin Majalisar Tarayyar

• An amince da kafa Asusun yaƙar COVID-19 na Nahiyar wanda ƙasashe membobin Ofishin suka amince da su ba da gudummawar dalar Amurka miliyan 12 nan take a matsayin tallafin iri. An bukaci kasashe mambobin kungiyar da kasashen duniya da masu hannu da shuni da su ba da gudummawarsu ga wannan asusu tare da ware dala miliyan 5 don bunkasa karfin hukumar ta Afirka CDC.

• An yi kira ga kasashen duniya da su karfafa hanyoyin kasuwanci na bude kofa, musamman na magunguna da sauran kayayyakin kiwon lafiya.

• Ya bukaci G20 da ta gaggauta samar wa kasashen Afirka kayan aikin likita, na'urorin gwaji, na'urorin kariya don yakar cutar ta COVID-19 da ingantaccen tsarin karfafa tattalin arziki wanda ya hada da agaji da jinkirin biyan kudade.

• An yi kira da a janye duk wani biyan ruwa na ruwa a kan basussukan da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu da na bangarori daban-daban, da kuma yiwuwar tsawaita wa'adin zuwa matsakaicin lokaci, domin samar da fili na kasafin kudi na gaggawa ga gwamnatoci.

• Ya bukaci Bankin Duniya, Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya, Bankin Raya Afirka da sauran cibiyoyin yanki da su yi amfani da dukkan kayan aikin da suke da su a cikin makamansu don taimakawa wajen dakile wannan annoba da kuma ba da agaji ga muhimman sassa na Afirka. tattalin arziki da yankuna.

Sanarwar da Ministocin Kudi na Afirka suka sanya wa hannu tare da ministocin kudi da dama na Afirka ta sanar da cewa, nahiyar na bukatar dalar Amurka biliyan 100 don kare tsarin kiwon lafiya da dakile tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin da cutar ta haifar.

Bankin raya Afrika

AfDB ya tara dala biliyan 3 na musamman a cikin yarjejeniyar shekaru uku don taimakawa rage tasirin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar cutar ta Covid-19 da za ta yi kan rayuwa da tattalin arzikin Afirka.

Yaƙi da haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa na Covid-19, tare da balaga na shekaru uku, ya sami riba daga manyan bankunan tsakiya da cibiyoyi na hukuma, baitulmalin banki, da manajojin kadara gami da masu saka hannun jari na Socially Responable, tare da tayin sama da dala biliyan 4.6.

Fitar da Afirka- Shigo da Shi 

Bankin (Afreximbank) ya ba da sanarwar wani wuri na dalar Amurka biliyan 3 don taimakawa ƙasashe membobin su shawo kan tasirin tattalin arziki da lafiya na Covid-19. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon Rage Tasirin Tasirin Cutar Cutar

Wuraren (PATIMFA), Afreximbank zai ba da tallafin kuɗi ga ƙasashe sama da 50 ta hanyar tallafi kai tsaye, layukan bashi, garanti, musanya canjin kuɗi da sauran kayan aikin makamancin haka.

Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Ba da Lamuni ta Afrika ta Tsakiya (CEmac)

Ministocin kudi sun dauki matakai kamar haka:

“Game da manufofin hada-hadar kudi da tsarin hada-hadar kudi, an yanke shawarar amincewa da yin amfani da ambulan $152.345m da bankin raya kasashen Afirka ta tsakiya (BDEAC) ya baiwa bankin raya kasa na Afrika ta tsakiya, domin samar da kudade. na ayyukan jama'a da suka shafi yaƙi da cutar ta Covid-19 da ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiyar ƙasa. "

• Har ila yau, sun ba da shawarar ga Jihohi da su yi shawarwari tare da kuma samun soke duk basussukan da suke a waje don ba su rangwamen kasafin kuɗi wanda zai ba su damar fuskantar annobar cutar korona a lokaci guda da kuma farfado da asusun ajiyar su cikin koshin lafiya.

Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka (BCEAO)

Matakan farko guda uku (cikin 8) da BCEAO ta ɗauka sun haɗa da:

• Haɓaka kasafi na mako-mako na Babban Bankin Ƙasashe daga dala miliyan 680 zuwa dala biliyan 9 don tabbatar da ci gaba da samar da kuɗin kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashe membobin;

• Haɗa jerin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu 1,700 waɗanda ba a taɓa karɓar tasirin su a cikin fayil ɗin sa ba. Wannan matakin zai bawa bankuna damar samun ƙarin albarkatun dala biliyan 2

•Bayar da dala miliyan 50 ga asusun tallafi na bankin raya yammacin Afirka (BOAD) don ba shi damar ba da tallafin ruwa da kuma kara yawan rancen rangwamen da zai baiwa gwamnatoci don ba da gudummawar kashe kudade da kayan aiki a yakin da ake da shi. annoba

Akwati 3: Matakan Gwamnati (ciki har da Babban Bankuna) don rage tasirin tattalin arzikin Coronavirus akan tattalin arzikin ƙasa

Bankin Algeria ya yanke shawarar rage adadin ajiyar wajibci na 10 zuwa 8% sannan ya rage da maki 25 (0.25%), mahimmin ƙimar bankin Algeria don daidaita shi a 3.25% kuma wannan daga Maris 15, 2020 .

Cote d'Ivoire Gwamnati ta sanar da dala miliyan 200 a matsayin martanin Covid19. Ƙaddamar da Asusun don haɓaka ayyukan tattalin arziki, tallafawa kasuwancin da abin ya shafa don rage raguwar ayyukan yi, da dai sauransu.

Habasha Gwamnatin kasar ta sanar da cewa ta ware dala miliyan 10 don yaki da cutar tare da gabatar da shawarwari guda uku kan yadda kasashen G20 za su taimaka wa kasashen Afirka wajen tinkarar annobar cutar korona.

• Ya yi kira da a samar da tallafin dala biliyan 150 - Kunshin Tallafin Gaggawa na COVID-19 na Duniya.

• Aiwatar da rage basussuka da tsare-tsare.

• Ba da tallafi ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da Cibiyoyin Cututtuka na Afirka

Sarrafa da Rigakafin (CDC) don ƙarfafa isar da lafiyar jama'a da kuma shirye-shiryen gaggawa a nahiyar.

Equatorial Guinea ta yi alkawarin ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 10 ga asusun gaggawa na musamman

Babban bankin Eswatini na Eswatini ya sanar da rage kudin ruwa daga kashi 6.5% zuwa 5.5%

Babban Bankin Gambia na Gambia ya yanke shawarar:

• rage Manufofin da kashi 0.5 cikin dari zuwa kashi 12. Kwamitin kuma ya yanke shawara

• ƙara yawan riba akan wurin ajiyar kuɗi Da kashi 0.5 cikin ɗari zuwa kashi 3. Hakanan an rage wurin ba da lamuni zuwa kashi 13 daga kashi 13.5 (MPR da kashi 1%).

Ghana Gwamnatin Ghana ta ba da sanarwar dala miliyan 100 don haɓaka shirye-shiryen COVID-19 da shirin mayar da martani

MPC na Bankin Ghana ya yanke shawarar rage darajar manufofin kudi da maki 150 zuwa kashi 14.5 cikin dari. An rage buƙatun ajiyar farko daga kashi 10 cikin 8 zuwa kashi XNUMX don samar da ƙarin kuɗi ga bankuna don tallafawa sassa masu mahimmanci na

Tattalin Arziki. The Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) na bankuna na kashi 3.0 ya ragu zuwa kashi 1.5. Wannan don baiwa bankuna damar ba da tallafin kuɗi da ake buƙata ga tattalin arzikin. Wannan ya rage yadda ake bukatan wadatar jari daga kashi 13 zuwa kashi 11.5 cikin dari. Biyan lamuni da suka wuce na Cibiyoyin Kuɗi na Microfinance har zuwa kwanaki 30 za a yi la'akari da su a matsayin "Yanzu" kamar yadda yake a cikin duk sauran SDI. Duk masu biyan kuɗin wayar hannu yanzu an ba su izinin amfani da bayanan rajistar wayar hannu da aka riga aka yi don shigar da su

Mafi ƙarancin Asusun KYC. Babban Bankin Kenya na Kenya don taimakawa wajen rage illolin, matakan gaggawa masu zuwa za su yi aiki ga masu karbar lamunin da biyan lamunin su ya kasance har zuwa ranar 2 ga Maris, 2020.

• Bankunan za su nemi ba da agaji ga masu lamuni a kan lamunin su na kashin kansu bisa la'akari da yanayin su na kowane mutum da ya taso daga cutar.

• Don ba da sassauci kan lamuni na sirri, bankuna za su duba buƙatun masu lamuni na tsawaita lamunin su har na tsawon shekara guda. Don fara wannan tsari, masu lamuni yakamata su tuntuɓi bankunan su.

• Matsakaitan masana'antu (SMEs) da masu lamuni na kamfanoni za su iya tuntuɓar bankunan su don tantancewa da sake fasalin lamunin su bisa la'akari da yanayinsu da ke tasowa daga cutar.

• Bankunan za su biya duk wasu kuɗaɗen da suka shafi tsawaitawa da sake fasalin lamuni.

• Don sauƙaƙe ƙarin amfani da dandamali na dijital ta hannu, bankuna za su yi watsi da duk cajin don binciken ma'auni.

• Kamar yadda aka sanar a baya, za a kawar da duk wani cajin canja wuri tsakanin wallet ɗin kuɗin hannu da asusun banki. Namibia 20th na Maris 2020, Bankin Namibia ya yanke shawarar rage adadin Repo da maki 100 zuwa 5.25%.

Niger Gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar $1.63m don tallafawa martanin Covid19

Ana sa ran za a ba wa dukkan wuraren shiga tsakani na CBN damar karin wa’adin shekara guda kan duk wani babban biya, daga ranar 1 ga Maris, 2020.

Rage kudin ruwa daga kashi 9 zuwa 5 a kowace shekara na shekara 1 da ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2020 Ƙirƙirar hanyar bayar da lamuni na Naira Biliyan 50 ga gidaje da SMEs;

Taimakon bashi don masana'antar kiwon lafiya Haƙuri na ƙa'ida: Duk bankunan kuɗin ajiyar kuɗi sun bar yin la'akari na ɗan lokaci da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lamuni da sharuɗɗan lamuni na kasuwanci da gidaje da abin ya shafa.

CBN zai kara tallafawa matakan samar da kudade na masana'antu don kula da iyawar DMBs don ba da rance ga daidaikun mutane, gidaje da kasuwanci.

Madagascar Banky Foiben'I Madagasikara (BFM) ya sanar:

• Tallafawa ayyukan tattalin arziki ta hanyar samar wa bankuna da kudaden da ake bukata don samar da kudaden da ake bukata;

• Ya yi allurar dala miliyan 111 a farkon Maris kuma za ta sake shigar da dala miliyan 53 a karshen Maris 2020;

• Kula da wadatar kuɗaɗen waje akan kasuwannin bankuna;

Tattaunawa da bankuna da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi kan tasirin rikicin da samar da martanin da suka dace.

Mauritius Babban Bankin Mauritius ya mayar da martani guda biyar don ci gaba da ɗimbin ƙima ga tattalin arzikin:

• Rage Maɓallin Repo (KRR) da maki 50 zuwa kashi 2.85 a kowace shekara.

• Taimakon Taimako na Musamman na Rs 5.0 Billion ta bankunan kasuwanci don biyan kuɗin kuɗaɗe da buƙatun babban bankin aiki Babban bankin ya rage rabon kuɗin ajiyar kuɗin da kashi 8%;

• An saki dala miliyan 130 don tallafawa kasuwancin da ke kokawa da tasirin cutar;

• An umurci bankunan da su dakatar da biyan manyan lamuni na kasuwancin da abin ya shafa;

• Sauƙaƙe jagororin kulawa kan kula da lahani; kuma ya ba da “ajiye

bond

Bankin Maroko Al-Maghrib ya sanar da aiwatar da hadadden tallafin kasuwanci da shirin ba da kudade 20, canjin dirham daga ± 2.5% zuwa ± 5% kuma ya yanke shawarar rage yawan riba da kashi 25 bisa dari a 2% kuma ci gaba da sa ido kan duk abubuwan. wadannan ci gaban sosai a hankali.

Keɓewar Kamfanoni daga biyan gudunmawa ga asusun fensho (CNSS) da dakatarwar bashi a matsayin wani ɓangare na matakan daidaita tasirin tattalin arzikin Covid19; $1bn don inganta kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da taimakawa sassan da abin ya shafa.Asusun Hassan II da yankuna don ware $261m don magance tasirin.

Rwanda Babban bankin ya sanar da cewa:

• Wurin ba da lamuni na kusan dala miliyan 52 ga bankunan kasuwanci;

• Rage rabon ajiyar da ake buƙata mai tasiri daga 1 ga Afrilu daga 5% zuwa 4% don ba da damar bankunan ƙarin kuɗi don tallafawa kasuwancin da abin ya shafa.

• Ba da damar bankunan kasuwanci su sake fasalin rancen da ba su da yawa na masu lamuni da ke fuskantar wucin gadi kalubale kwarara tsabar kudi tasowa daga annoba.

Seychelles Babban Bankin Seychelles (CBS) ya sanar

Za a yi amfani da ajiyar kuɗin waje ne kawai don siyan abubuwa uku - man fetur, kayan abinci na yau da kullun da magunguna

• rage Manufofin Kuɗi (MPR) zuwa kashi huɗu daga kashi biyar cikin ɗari

• Za a kafa wurin bashi na kusan dala miliyan 36 don taimakawa bankunan kasuwanci da matakan agajin gaggawas.

Babban Bankin Saliyo na Sierre Leone

• Rage ƙimar Manufofin Kuɗi da maki 150 daga kashi 16.5 zuwa kashi 15.

• Ƙirƙiri Wurin Lamuni na Musamman na Le500 don Ba da Kuɗaɗen Samarwa,

• Sayi da Rarraba Mahimman Kaya da Sabis.

• Samar da albarkatun waje don tabbatar da shigo da muhimman kayayyaki daga waje.

Za a buga jerin kayayyaki da suka cancanci wannan tallafin nan gaba.

• Tallafin Liquidity ga Sashin Banki.

Bankin Reserve na Afirka ta Kudu ya rage kudin ruwa daga kashi 6.25% zuwa 5.25% Gwamnati ta sanar da wani shiri na dala miliyan 56.27 don tallafawa kananan 'yan kasuwa yayin barkewar cutar.

Babban bankin Tunisiya ya yanke shawarar

• Samar da bankunan da suka dace don ba su damar ci gaba da ayyukansu na yau da kullun.

• Karɓar ƙididdiga (babba da riba) waɗanda aka biya a cikin lokacin daga 1st Maris har zuwa karshen Satumba 2020. Wannan ma'auni ya shafi ƙwararrun ƙididdiga da aka ba abokan ciniki masu 0 da 1, waɗanda ke buƙatar shi daga bankuna da cibiyoyin kuɗi.

• Yiwuwar bayar da sabon kudade ga masu cin gajiyar jinkirin wa'adin.

• lissafin da buƙatun rabon kiredit / ajiya zai zama mafi sassauƙa.

Bankin Uganda na Uganda:

• Sa baki a cikin kasuwar canji don kawar da wuce gona da iri da ke tasowa daga kasuwannin hada-hadar kudi na duniya;

• Sanya wata hanyar da za ta rage girman kasuwancin sauti da ke shiga cikin rashin nasara saboda rashin kiredit;

• Bayar da taimako na musamman na shari'a har na tsawon shekara guda ga cibiyoyin kuɗi waɗanda BoU ke kula da su waɗanda ke iya buƙatarsa;

Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin bashi a cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi waɗanda za su iya fuskantar haɗarin shiga damuwa

Bankin Zambia na Zambia ya yanke shawarar ƙara iyaka kan wakilai da wallet ɗin kamfanoni: daidaikun mutane Tier 1 daga 10000 zuwa 20000 kowace rana (K) da matsakaicin 100,000 daidaikun Mutane Tier 2 daga 20,000 zuwa 100,000 kowace rana (k) da matsakaicin 500,000 daga manoma 250,000 daga manoma. zuwa 1,000,000 a kowace rana (K) kuma mafi girman 1,000,000 Rage biyan kuɗi tsakanin bankuna da tsarin daidaitawa (ZIPSS).

KAMMALAWA DA SHAWARA

Cutar Coronavirus ta zama annoba mai tsanani kuma tana haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa a matakan ƙasa, yanki da duniya. Sakamakon, koda kuwa yana da wahalar ƙididdige su, ana tsammanin zai yi yawa saboda saurin yaduwar Covid-19 da tsauraran matakan da ƙasashe ke ɗauka komai girmansu a duk duniya.

Ko da a ce kasashen Afirka ba su da matsala idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna a yanzu, illar da ke tattare da ci gaban duniya ko karyewar sarkar samar da kayayyaki na iya haifar da tabarbarewar harkokin tattalin arziki. Tabbas, dogaro sosai na tattalin arzikin Afirka dangane da tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen waje yana hasashen zaɓen tattalin arzikin nahiyar mara kyau, wanda aka kimanta a matsakaicin asarar maki 1.5 kan ci gaban tattalin arzikin 2020.

Bayan haka, kusan ba zai yuwu ba nahiyar ta sami fa'idar tattalin arziki na yaduwar cutar ta Covid-19 a wasu sassan duniya, saboda gazawarta ta sauya kayan albarkatunta don mayar da martani ga yuwuwar bukatu da sabis na kayayyaki. kasuwannin cikin gida da na waje. Za su iya zama wani ƙari ga sauye-sauyen da ake samu a Afirka, ta hanyar ƙara yin ciniki cikin ƙima da wahala.

Ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ko kyakkyawan fata ko rashin bege ba, Covid-19 zai yi illa ga tattalin arzikin Afirka.

Yabo

Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na rikicin Covid-19 na gaske ne. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a sanar da jama'a game da tasiri da shawarwari masu tsara manufofi don shiryawa da rage mummunan tasirin cutar.

Dangane da wannan, wannan takarda ta tsara shawarwarin manufofin zuwa nau'i biyu: i) Wadanda ke mayar da martani ga  halin da ake ciki; kuma ii) wadanda suka yi daidai da sakamakon barkewar cutar.

Ayyukan gaggawa:
Ya kamata kasashen Afirka:

 Bincika a tsanake duk wanda ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar don tabbatar da gano cutar da wuri, da gano cutar gwargwadon yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta, da hana hulɗar hulɗar masu kamuwa da cutar da kuma jama'a masu lafiya;

 Rufe duk wasu gurɓatattun al’umma a gida da kuma iyakokin ƙasa don ɗaukar yaduwar na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, da kuma tantance ko ya kamata a aiwatar da matakan tsarewa sosai:

 Ba da rahoton kididdigar kiwon lafiya tare da yin aiki tare da WHO da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka, don tabbatar da sa ido kan rikicin, da kiyaye amincewar jama'a ga tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'ar Afirka;

 Gyara kasafin su don ba da fifikon kashe kuɗi a cikin tsarin kiwon lafiya da suka haɗa da abubuwan more rayuwa da kayan aiki da ake buƙata, siyan magunguna da magunguna, kayan aiki da kayan aiki, da sauransu;

 Ƙirƙirar asusun gaggawa don haɓaka kariya ta zamantakewa, musamman ma'aikata na yau da kullum waɗanda ba su da kariya ta zamantakewa kuma rikicin na iya tasiri sosai;

 Ƙara kuɗi don binciken likita. Kwarewa ta nuna cewa tsakanin asusun da aka ware don gudanar da bincike da samar da alluran rigakafi kusan babu shi wanda ya hana kasashe damar mayar da martani yayin bala'in.

 Yi aiki tare da al'ummar gari, gwamnatoci da 'yan kasuwa don tsara tsarin gwamnati gaba ɗaya fiye da matsalar lafiya da kuma hanyoyin magance matsalolin da ke tattare da yanayin gida. Samar da kuɗi, samun dama ga bayanai, da goyan bayan tsari don saurin bin diddigin haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin magancewa;

 Haɓaka musayar bayanai na gaskiya don sanar da ƴan ƙasa da taƙaita yada labaran karya31  mation ("labarai na karya");

 Shirya cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya don kula da al'ummomi daban-daban da abin ya shafa, ciki har da mata, matasa, tsofaffi.

 Yi la'akari da lamuni don kuɗaɗen gaggawa a kasuwannin duniya don tallafawa kashe kuɗi yayin da adadin kuɗin kasuwanci ya yi ƙasa a halin yanzu; kuma kasashe na iya fuskantar gibin kasafin kudi sakamakon raguwar kudaden haraji da kuma yawan kashe kudade;

 Dauki matakan tattalin arziki da na kuɗi don tallafawa kamfanoni, SME da daidaikun mutane a matsayin martani ga yanke ayyukan wucin gadi don kiyaye ayyukan tattalin arziki, kamar garantin bashi na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.

 Nemi Babban Bankin Ƙasa da su rage kuɗin ruwa don ƙara rance ga kasuwanci (da rage farashin su) da kuma samar da bankunan kasuwanci da ƙarin kuɗi don tallafawa ayyukan kasuwanci. Inda ya kamata,

Ya kamata bankunan tsakiya su yi la'akari da sake fasalin wasu manufofin (farashin farashin kasa da 3%) na wucin gadi kuma saboda yanayin gaggawa;

 Ba da da ewa ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba duk biyan kuɗi na ribar kuɗi na kasuwanci, lamunin kamfanoni, biyan hayar haya da kunna layukan ruwa na bankunan tsakiya don tabbatar da cewa ƙasashe da ‘yan kasuwa za su iya ci gaba da siyan kayayyaki masu mahimmanci ba tare da raunana sashin banki ba.

 Ƙaddamar da tsare-tsare na kasafin kuɗi don rage tasirin cutar amai da gudawa ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Shirya abubuwan kara kuzari ga masu biyan haraji da Covid-19 ya shafa kuma la'akari da dakatar da haraji;

 Hana biyan haraji a sassa masu mahimmanci da samar da gida daga bangaren jama'a don magance rikicin zai tallafa wa SMEs da sauran 'yan kasuwa.

 Sake tattaunawa da tsare-tsare na biyan basussukan waje, da kuma sharuɗɗan tabbatar da gudanar da aikin ba da lamuni, gami da dakatar da biyan kuɗin ruwa na lokacin rikicin, wanda aka kiyasta dala biliyan 44 na 2020, da yiwuwar tsawaita tsawon lokacin shirin;

 Kira da a tsagaita wuta tare da ‘yan tawaye da kungiyoyin da ke dauke da makamai don tabbatar da cewa babu wata karkata a yunkurin dakile annobar. Covid-19 ya zo a daidai lokacin da wasu yankuna ke fuskantar ƙalubalen ƙalubale na rashin ƙarfi, rikici da tashin hankali saboda ko dai ta'addanci, rashin zaman lafiya da / ko sauyin yanayi. Misali, harin baya-bayan nan da kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai a kasar Chadi wanda ya kashe sojoji akalla 92 a ranar 25 ga watan Maris.

AUC ya kamata:

 Jagoran shawarwarin wani gagarumin shiri na soke jimillar basussukan waje na Afirka (dala biliyan 236). Babban tsari na farko shi ne kiran da Firayim Ministan Habasha Abiy Ahmed ya yi na neman tallafin dala biliyan 150 a matsayin wani bangare na Kundin Tallafin Kudaden Gaggawa na COVID-19 na Duniya;

 Haɗa ta hanyar CDC ta Afirka duk ƙoƙarin tattara ɗakin gwaje-gwaje, sa ido, da sauran tallafin mayar da martani a inda aka buƙata da kuma tabbatar da kayan aikin likita sun tafi inda ake buƙata.

 Haɗa ayyukansu na diflomasiyya don yin magana da murya ɗaya a tarukan duniya kamar IMF, Bankin Duniya,

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, G20, tarukan AU-EU da sauran kawance;

 Haɗa yunƙurin da masu tsara manufofi, Ƙungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Yanki, da al'ummomin duniya ke yi don ba da fifiko ga shiga tsakani a mafi yawan ƙasashe masu rauni waɗanda suka fi fuskantar firgita daga waje a cikin kasuwanci;

 Haɓaka haɗin kai, haɗin kai, haɗin kai, goyon bayan juna da kuma koyan takwarorinsu tsakanin Membobin Ƙasashe. Abubuwan da za a iya yi su ne, tare da haɗin gwiwar RECs: kafa cibiyar sa ido kan martanin manufofin sa ido kan fannin lafiya da tattalin arziki ga Covid-19;

 Kaucewa ciniki a cikin aiwatar da matakan kariya, ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa rufe iyakokin ba zai haifar da matsalar abinci ba, musamman a yammacin Afirka da ake fama da karancin abinci, kuma kasashe sun dogara da shigo da kayan abinci na yau da kullun kamar shinkafa da shinkafa. alkama daga Asiya.

 Ba da kulawa ta musamman ga yanayin yancin ɗan adam na 'yan gudun hijira da bakin haure, inda nisantar da jama'a na iya zama mafi wahalar aiwatarwa yayin da suka fi fuskantar rikicin; kuma

 Haɓaka hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa don ganowa da kuma sa ido kan yaduwar cutar, tsara taswirar manufofin daidaikun ƙasashe membobinsu da kuma cikin REC, daidaita matakan diflomasiyya don jin muryar Afirka a fagen duniya, musamman don yafe basussuka.

Ya kamata Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yanki:

Ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin kai don gano yaduwar barkewar cutar, zayyana martanin manufofin kowane ɗayan ƙasashe membobin cikin REC; kuma

• Inda masu dacewa suka haɓaka manufofin kuɗi da kasafin kuɗi tare don haɓaka albarkatun ƙasa da ikon aiwatar da manufofin da ba su dace ba.

Ayyukan bayan annoba

Kasashen Afirka na fuskantar firgici sosai daga waje. Ana buƙatar sauyi don sauya salon kasuwancin ƙasashen Afirka a cikin su da ma sauran ƙasashen duniya musamman China, Turai, Amurka da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ya kamata Afirka ta mayar da cutar ta Covid-19 a halin yanzu zuwa wata dama ta fassara shawarwarin manufofin kan sauyi mai amfani kan sauyi mai albarka.

wanda aka bayyana a cikin Haɗin Ci gaban Afirka (AfDD) 2019: 2019: Cimma Canjin Haɓaka a cikin haƙiƙanin gaskiya don samar da tattalin arziƙin da ke jure wa tarzomar waje da samun ci gaba mai dorewa.

Don haka, ana shawartar ƙasashen Afirka da:

 Bambance-bambance tare da canza tattalin arzikinsu ta hanyar ƙarfafa ƙarfin aiki na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Afirka don canza albarkatun ƙasa a cikin gida. Hakan zai kuma inganta harkar tattara albarkatun cikin gida da kuma rage dogaro da nahiyar Afirka kan harkokin kudi na waje, wanda ya kai kashi 11.6% na GDPn Afirka idan aka kwatanta da kashi 6.6% na GDP na kasashe masu tasowa;

 Haɓaka ayyukan noma da haɓaka sarƙoƙi na ƙimar abinci don saduwa da amfanin gida da nahiya. Kasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara sun kashe kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 48.7 wajen shigo da abinci (dala biliyan 17.5 na hatsi, dalar Amurka biliyan 4.8 na kifi, da dai sauransu), wani bangare na wanda za a iya sake saka hannun jari a noman Afirka mai dorewa (FAO, 2019) . Yunkurin Tanzaniya na dogaro da kai kan shinkafa da masara abin yabawa ne tare da zama abin koyi ga sauran kasashen Afirka.

 Kammala rattaba hannu da amincewa da Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Afirka (AMA) da Ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwar jama'a masu zaman kansu na yanki don samar da magunguna da magunguna don rage shigo da kayayyaki daga Afirka tare da tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa kayan;

 Ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin kashe kuɗi akan kiwon lafiya: yakamata gwamnatoci su haɓaka saka hannun jari waɗanda ke ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya don ba da damar jiyya cikin sauri da tsarewa;

 Haɓaka isassun albarkatun cikin gida don kiwon lafiya don ba da damar tsarin kiwon lafiya don biyan buƙatu a cikin ayyukan kiwon lafiya da suka haɗa da kawar da cututtuka masu nauyi, rigakafi da sarrafa barkewar cutar, a cikin nahiyar;

 Ƙaddamar da juyin juya halin dijital don canza tattalin arzikin Afirka don cimma ajandar 2063 da magance rashin aikin yi na matasa, , da ba da damar aiwatar da matakan rigakafi (misali aikin wayar tarho ga ma'aikatan farar hula); kuma

 Haɓaka aiwatar da yankin ciniki cikin 'yanci na Nahiyar da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi don samun ci gaban masana'antu cikin sauri.

AUC ya kamata:

 Sake ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya da zamantakewa na ƙasashen Afirka;

 Ci gaba da inganta sauye-sauye masu amfani da ci gaban kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don canza kayayyaki na Afirka a cikin gida;

 Tattaunawa tare da tattalin arzikin OECD cewa shirin kasafin kudi da suke aiwatarwa ba zai yi tasiri a duniya ba wajen maido da sarkar kimar Duniya zuwa OECD, ta yadda hakan ke kawo cikas ga dabarun kawo sauyi a Afirka;

 Ya jagoranci shawarwarin don neman ƙarin biyan bukatun ƙasashe mambobi, musamman daga asusun IMF, wanda ke shirye don tattara damar ba da lamuni na dala tiriliyan 1 don taimakawa mambobinta. Waɗannan kayan aikin na iya ba da dala biliyan 50 ga ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. Za a iya ba da har dala biliyan 10 ga mambobi masu karamin karfi ta hanyar samar da kudade masu rahusa, wadanda ke dauke da kudin ruwa ba su da yawa;

 Tabbatar da cewa an ba da martani ga duniya don daidaita ci gaban kuɗin shiga cikin Afirka, ciki har da kudaden waje, FDI, ODA, saka hannun jari, musamman ta hanyar haɓaka dandalin tattaunawa kan manufofin da ke tattara gwamnatocin Afirka, abokan hulɗarsu na duniya, da kuma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. ’yan wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda za su iya ba da gudummawa don tallata matsalar lafiya da tattalin arziki;

 Tallafawa kasashe a kokarinsu na inganta harkar tattara albarkatun cikin gida da yaki da haramtattun kudade don samar da ci gaban kanta; kuma

 Haɓaka da bibiyar ajandar sauyi mai fa'ida akan matsakaicin lokaci ta ƙasashe membobin;

 Mayar da Afirka don cin gajiyar sauye-sauyen da ake sa ran za su iya biyo bayan rikicin Covid-19, domin mai yiwuwa manyan tattalin arziki za su karkata cibiyoyin samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar karkata su zuwa wasu yankuna ta hanyar baiwa matasa dabarun da ake bukata don jawo hankalin kasashe da dama. Kamfanoni (MNEs) da sauran 'yan wasan kasuwancin duniya. Wannan kuma yana da fa'idar haɓaka sauye-sauye na gida da ingantaccen canja wurin fasaha a cikin mahallin AfCFTA. Coronavirus ya nuna iyakar kasar Sin ita ce cibiyar masana'antu ta duniya kawai saboda arha da ƙwararrun ma'aikata.