Honeymooner ya rasa yatsa yayin da ƙarar ƙarfe mai nauyi ya rufe shi: Shin layin jirgin ruwa yana da alhaki?

A cikin labarin dokar tafiye-tafiye na wannan makon, mun yi nazari kan shari'ar Horne v. Carnival Corporation mai lamba 17-15803 (11th Cir. June 29, 2018) inda Kotun ta bayyana cewa "A lokacin hutun gudun amarci, Horne da matarsa ​​Julie sun kasance a kan hutu. cruise ship Fascination kuma ya tafi ɗaukar hotuna na faɗuwar rana a kan bene na waje. Rana ce mai tsananin iska, kuma lokacin da suke son barin bene na waje sai ma'auratan suka bi ta wata kofa mai nauyi. Alamar faɗakarwa a bakin ƙofar ta ce 'KALLON KALLON MATAKI-MAGANIN KASA'. Babu wani gargadi. Julie ta bude kofar, amma ta sami matsala, don haka Horne ya kama kofar a gefenta ya bude. Da Horne ya bi ta kofar, ya fara sakin ta. Ƙofar ta rufe yayin da Horne ya sake ta, yana rufewa kafin ya sami hannun sa ya zare yatsa na hannun damansa a gefen haɗin gwiwa. Horne ya kawo kara a kan Carnival, yana zargin gazawar yin gargadi game da yanayi mai haɗari da sakaci na kula da ƙofar. Kotun gundumar ta ba da taƙaitaccen hukunci ga Carnival, inda ta gano cewa Carnival ba shi da wani aikin gargaɗi saboda babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa Carnival yana kan sanarwa, ainihin ko takura, na yanayin haɗari kuma saboda haɗarin a buɗe kuma a bayyane yake… Kyautar kotun gundumar Takaitacciyar hukunci an tabbatar da wani sashe kuma a jujjuya wani bangare kuma a sake bayar da umarni”.

A cikin shari'ar Horne Kotun ta lura cewa "Saboda raunin da ya faru a kan ruwa mai tafiya, dokar gwamnatin tarayya ta shafi wannan shari'ar. Don tabbatar da da'awarsa na sakaci, Horne dole ne ya nuna cewa Carnival yana da aikin kulawa, ya keta wannan aikin kuma wannan keta shi ne kusan dalilin raunin Horne. '[A] cruise line na bin fasinjojin sa aikin gargadi game da hadurran da aka sani'… Duk da haka, don samun aikin yin gargaɗi game da haɗari, layin jirgin ruwa dole ne ya sami 'ainihin sanarwa ko takurawa yanayin rashin tsaro'… Bugu da ƙari, babu wani aiki da ya kamata a yi gargaɗi game da hatsarori a bayyane da bayyane.

Sanarwa Na Halin Haɗari

"{I] a wannan yanayin, akwai shaidun cewa layin jirgin ruwa wani lokaci yana sanya alamun a kan ƙofar belun a yayin da iska mai karfi. Waɗannan alamun za su karanta 'tsanaki, iska mai ƙarfi'. Babu irin wannan alamar a ranar da lamarin ya faru. An duba shi cikin hasken da ya fi dacewa ga Horne, shaidar cewa Carnival, a baya, ya sanya alamun gargadin iska mai karfi ya haifar da ainihin batun ko Carnival yana da ainihin ko ingantaccen sanarwa game da yanayin haɗari ".

Buɗe & Haɗari bayyananne

"A cikin tantance ko haɗarin yana buɗewa kuma a bayyane yake, muna mai da hankali kan 'abin da mutum mai hankali zai lura kuma ya yi[] ba ya la'akari da ra'ayin mai ƙara'. Horne ya yi jayayya cewa hatsarin da ya dace ba iskar ba ce, ko kuma kofa mai nauyi, sai dai hadarin da iskar za ta sa kofar ta yi karfi da sauri har ta sare yatsansa. Horne ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan haɗarin ba a buɗe ko a bayyane yake ga mai hankali ba. Horne ya bayyana cewa ko da yake ya san kofar tana da nauyi, kuma tana da iska, amma ba shi da wani dalili da zai yi imani da kofar za ta rufe da karfi da sauri har ta sare yatsansa”.

Wajibi Don Gargadi Da'awar

“Ya kuma bayyana cewa ba shi da wata hanyar sanin cewa kofar za ta rufe da sauri, duk da kokarin da ya yi, ya kasa cire hannunsa cikin kankanin lokaci. Dangane da wannan shaidar, wanda aka gani a cikin hasken da ya fi dacewa ga Horne, muna da tabbacin cewa alkali mai ma'ana zai gano cewa wannan hatsarin ba a bayyane yake ba kuma a bayyane yake. Don haka, muna komawa game da aikin gargaɗin da'awa."

Rashin Kula da Da'awa

“Shaidar ƙwararrun Horne cewa ƙofar tana cikin wani yanayi mai haɗari yana da dacewa kawai idan Horne zai iya fara nuna cewa Carnival yana da ainihin ko ingantaccen sanarwa game da wannan haɗari. Shaida daya tilo da Horne ya gabatar cewa Carnival yana da sanarwa ta hakika ko ingantacciya cewa kofar tana da hadari, umarnin aiki guda biyu ne aka shigar, kuma daga baya aka rufe, don gyara kofar. Mai shigar da kara bai gabatar da wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ba a yi wadannan umarni na aiki ba; a gaskiya ma, wakilin kamfanin na Carnival ya shaida cewa 'rufe' odar aiki yana nuna cewa an kammala gyaran da ake nema. Don haka, waɗannan umarni na aiki ba su ba da shaida cewa Carnival ya lura cewa ƙofar ta kasance a cikin yanayi mai haɗari a lokacin da abin ya faru .... Don haka, kotun gundumar ba ta yi kuskure ba game da gazawar kiyaye da'awar ".

Kammalawa

"Saboda dalilan da suka gabata, mun tabbatar da hukuncin da kotun gundumar ta yanke game da gazawar da'awar, amma mun juya game da da'awar yin gargadi."

Patricia da Tom Dickerson

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, ya mutu ne a ranar 26 ga Yulin, 2018 yana da shekara 74. Ta hanyar alherin dangin sa, eTurboNews ana ba shi damar raba abubuwan da muke da su a kan fayil wanda ya aiko mana don bugawa a mako-mako.

Hon. Dickerson ya yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Alkalin Kotun daukaka kara, Sashe na Biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 42 gami da litattafan da yake sabuntawa na shekara-shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Lauyan Jarida Lauya (2018), Litigating International Torts in Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2018), da sama da labaran doka 500 wadanda yawancinsu sune samuwa a nan. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiya da ci gaba, musamman a cikin membobin membobin EU, danna nan.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izini ba.