Babban mai caca Las Vegas ɗan caca ya kashe kansa: Shin gidan caca ya zama abin dogaro?

A cikin labarin dokar tafiya ta wannan makon, mun bincika batun Head v. Las Vegas Sands, LLC d / b / a The Venetian Resort Hotel / Casino / The Palazzo Resort Hotel Casino, Civilararrakin Civila'a ta 7: 17-CV-00426 ( SD Texas Maris 27, 2018) Kotun ta lura da cewa ”Wannan shari’ar ta taso ne saboda William Washington Head, Jr. (Decedent) -wani babban gungumen caca a Las Vegas - cikin bala’i ya kashe kansa bayan ya afka cikin bashi. Masu shigar da kara sun yi zargin cewa Wadanda ake tuhumar sun yaudari wanda ya cancanci zuwa bashi (don haka ya shiga halin damuwa da kuma kashe kansa) ta hanyar lallashinsa ya yi caca a Las Vegas da kuma kara masa manyan layukan bashi. Abubuwan da ake zargin sun hada da: sama da dala miliyan 1 na 'rikon kwastomomi', rangwamen ajin farko, masaukai masu kayatarwa, kayan alatu, hutu, abinci da abubuwan sha. A bisa zargin, wadanda ake tuhumar sun san adadin kudin da Mai Shari'a ya karba a cikin gidan caca kuma suna sane da irin asarar da ya yi ta caca, kuma sun ci gaba da kara masa karin bashi, suna kara tura shi cikin sabon yanayin karuwar bashi ". Wadanda ake tuhuma sun gabatar da bukatar sallama daga aiki saboda rashin karfin ikon da aka ba su.

A cikin shari’ar Shugaban Kotun ta lura cewa “Abubuwan da aka Kashe sun shiga cikin fitina a Kotun Kararrakin Yankin Hidalgo. Bayan haka kuma wadanda ake tuhumar sun shigar da kara a karar da aka shigar na neman a tabbatar da ikirarin da suke yi na mallakar [wanda ake kara]. Dangane da haka, magadan-Masu gabatar da kara - sun shigar da kara nan take a kan wadanda ake tuhumar a Kotun Karar da ke Hidalgo, suna zargin mutuwar ba daidai ba da ganganci na sanya damuwa (IIED), yin amfani da dokar tsira ta Texas a matsayin abin hawa don samun sauki. Daga baya wadanda aka tuhuma sun cire sun kuma gabatar da karar da aka shigar nan da nan don sallama saboda rashin ikon mallakar kansa ”.

Babu keɓaɓɓun iko

“Hanya ta farko da za a iya kafa‘ mafi karancin masu tuntuba ’ta hanyar takamaiman iko ne wanda ke bukatar, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, cewa wanda ba shi ba shi da laifi‘ ya bayar da niyya wajen gudanar da ayyukansa a jihar da kuma karar da aka samu daga zargin raunin da ya taso daga ko dangantaka da waɗancan ayyukan. Kashi na Biyar ya gabatar da bincike mai matakai uku don tantance ko takamaiman iko ya kasance: (1) ko wanda ake kara yana da mafi karancin tuntuba tare da jihar, watau, ko da gangan ta gano ayyukanta zuwa yankin taron ko kuma da gangan ta amfane kanta. gatan gudanar da ayyuka a can; (2) ko dalilin mai gabatar da kara ya kasance sakamakon ko sakamakon daga lambobin da suka shafi dandalin wanda ake kara; da (3) ko ikon zartar da ikon kansa ya dace kuma ya dace ”.

Babu Amfani Mai Ma'ana

“Abubuwan sadarwar da wadanda ake kara tare da wadanda suka fito daga baya sun ta'allaka ne akan larurar da Decedent ke zaune a Haraji; ba za su taɓa aika jiragen sama zuwa Texas don Raba ba idan Mai Tsaran ya zauna a Florida ko Alaska. Don haka, Masu kare kansu ba da gangan suka wadatar da fa'idodi da gatan Texas ba. Kuma ba za su iya hango cewa za a yaba da su a kotunan Texas don IIED da ƙararrakin mutuwar ba daidai ba wanda ya samo asali daga shawarar da Decedent ya yanke na kashe kansa ”.

Ffarancin Ina'idar-Taro

“A taƙaice, Masu shigar da ƙara suna zargin da yawa hanyoyi daban-daban da waɗanda ake zargi suka yaudari Mai Shari'a ya yi caca, cewa ba shi yiwuwa a ce safarar jiragen sama daga Texas zuwa Las Vegas-shi kaɗai-amma saboda-dalilin Sanadin Masu shigar da kara 'IIED da kuma da'awar mutuwar ba daidai ba. Ka yi la'akari da waɗannan maganganun da ake zargi waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da Texas (1) Mijina ya kasance ɗan caca sosai a gidajen caca… tsawon shekaru, (2) A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, gidajen caca sun faɗaɗa layin kuɗi a lokuta da yawa, (3) My An sake tuntuɓar miji akai-akai of Dalilin kiran tarho ya kasance daga neman kasuwancinsa, bayar da ragi da kuma gayyatar mutum zuwa wuraren hutu ko wasannin gasa na blackjack, (4) Kowane gidan caca, ban da MGM, ya bai wa mijina yawan tafiye-tafiyen hutu… (5) Duk da asara mai yawa, gidajen caca sun ci gaba da ba wa maigidana ƙarin layin bashi, (6) Don ci gaba da kasuwancinsa, gidajen caca sau da yawa suna ba da 'ragi na riƙe abokin ciniki' wanda ya kai sama da ($) dala miliyan 1, (7) Mijina ya karɓi tarin kiran waya daga Venetian… (10) [Wadanda ake zargi sun kasa] don aiwatar da manufofi da matakai game da bayar da lamuni mai yawa ga masu caca, (11) [Wadanda ake tuhumar sun kasa] don horar da su yadda ya kamata. ma'aikata don ganewa da ƙayyade alamun matsalolin caca, (12) [Wadanda ake zargi sun kasa] don aiwatarwa ko aiwatar da isassun da / ko matakan da suka dace don kare abokin ciniki daga lalacewar kuɗi "

Jirgin Sama Kawai

“Daga cikin wannan tarin zarge-zargen da ba takamaiman Texas ba wanda ke haifar da ikirarin masu shigar da kara ya ta'allaka ne da jirgin sama daga Texas zuwa Las Vegas. Abu ne mai wahala a yi tunanin cewa Magaji zai daina yin caca (kuma don haka bai shiga bashi ba, ya zama damuwa, kuma ya kashe kansa) idan babu jigilar iska ta hanyar jirgin sama zuwa Las Vegas. Babu shakka, abubuwan da aka ambata… zai isa ya jawo hankalin duk wani mai shan caca zuwa Las Vegas. Zai yiwu Mai hankali ya sayi tikitin jirgin kansa ko direban mota ”.

Babu Babban iko

“Wannan ba wani babban iko bane a wannan lamarin. A matsayin farawa, Wadanda ake tuhumar ba mazauna Texas bane… ba'a sanya su a Texas ba, kuma basu da matsayin kasuwancin su a Texas… Masu karewa basa 'gida' a Texas saboda ikon zama… Masu shigar da kara suna bayar da shaida ne kawai cewa Wadanda ake tuhuma sun aika jiragen yakin kamfanin zuwa AcAllen, Texas a lokuta da yawa… Sheri Head ba ya nuna sau nawa aka aika jiragen sama zuwa Texas. Don haka, wannan zargin da ƙyar ya cancanta azaman hulɗar kasuwanci. Koda kuwa dangantakar kasuwanci ce, ba ta da ma'amala mai ci gaba, mai ci gaba kuma mai tsari na kasuwanci ”.

Yanar gizon wadanda ake kara

"Kwanan nan shari'ar shari'ar a cikin ta biyar Circuit ta bayyana a daidaitacciya rike cewa kawai kasancewar internet a cikin wani forum ba ya samar da janar iko. Tushen wannan zuriyar na wasu lamura masu nasaba sau uku ne. Da farko dai, kasancewar gidan yanar gizo ya fadi kwata-kwata a wajajen 'kwatancen' na gidan kamfani - tushen wurin kasuwanci da yanayin hadewar kamfanin. Tabbas, Daimler, wanda ya bayyana wannan 'yanayin' an buga shi a cikin 2014, kuma a sauƙaƙe zai iya haɗawa da kasancewar gidan yanar gizo. Ba haka bane… Na biyu, Kotuna - gami da na Biyar - sun nuna cewa shafukan yanar gizo 'basu dace da tsarin binciken j ba a wasu kalmomin, yayin da zai iya kasuwanci tare da Texas, ba kasuwanci bane a Texas… Na uku , kuma mafi mahimmanci, aƙalla kotun yanki guda ɗaya ta nuna cewa idan kawai kasancewar yanar gizo kawai zai iya samar da cikakken iko, to zai samar da ikon da ba za a yarda da shi ba a duk faɗin ƙasar - kai tsaye akasin iyakance ƙa'idodin da aka samo a Daimler ".

Doka Daidaita Biya Shari'ar Shari'a

“Tsohuwa ta Biyar Circuit shari’ar shari’a [duba Mink v. AAA Dev. LLC, 190 F. 3d 333 (5th Cir. 1999) (yana ambaton Zippo Mfg. Co. V. Zippo Dot Com, 952 F. Supp. 1119 (WD Pa. 1997); Revell v. Lidov, 317 F. 3d 467 ( 5th Cir. 2002)] ya rikitar da al'amura kadan (duk da haka) kasancewar gidan yanar sadarwar da ake zargin wadanda ake tuhuma a Texas ba ya ba da ikon yin cikakken iko. Masu shigar da kara ba su da shaidar kasancewar gidan yanar sadar da wadanda ake kara a wasu jihohin, abin da ya sa ba a iya tantance ko dangantakar wadanda ake tuhumar tare da kuma tuntuɓar a cikin Texas ta wata hanya ce… gwargwadon kasancewar gidan yanar sadarwar waɗanda ake zargi a cikin Texas ya kai talla mai sauƙi, kotuna sun yi watsi da irin wannan tushe don ikon zartarwar… gwargwadon kasancewar gidan yanar sadarwar masu gabatar da kara a Texas sakamakon samun kwangilar a Texas, post- Ra'ayoyin gundumar Daimler tare da Yanki na Biyar sun yi watsi da su kamar tushe don cikakken iko ”.

Patricia da Tom Dickerson

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, ya mutu ne a ranar 26 ga Yulin, 2018 yana da shekara 74. Ta hanyar alherin dangin sa, eTurboNews ana ba shi damar raba abubuwan da muke da su a kan fayil wanda ya aiko mana don bugawa a mako-mako.

Hon. Dickerson ya yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Alkalin Kotun daukaka kara, Sashe na Biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 42 gami da litattafan da yake sabuntawa na shekara-shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Lauyan Jarida Lauya (2018), Litigating International Torts in Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2018), da sama da sharuɗɗan doka 500 waɗanda yawancinsu akwai. nan. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiya da ci gaba, musamman a cikin membobin membobin EU, danna nan.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.

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