Cin zarafin bil'adama? Ee, ƙasarku tana cikin wannan jerin!

Fiye da masu yawon bude ido biliyan 1 ne ke yawo a duniya duk shekara. Wannan ya kamata ya aika da sakon zaman lafiya ta hanyar yawon shakatawa a duniya.

Fiye da masu yawon bude ido biliyan 1 ne ke yawo a duniya duk shekara. Wannan ya kamata ya aika da sakon zaman lafiya ta hanyar yawon shakatawa a duniya.

Abin baƙin cikin shine, yanar gizo, kafofin watsa labarun da ziyarta na iya sauƙaƙe hulɗar ɗan adam, amma gwamnatoci a kusan kowace ƙasa a wannan duniyar suna ba da damar cin zarafin ɗan adam. Yaya ƙasarku take a kan yancin ɗan adam, ƴan jarida?

Amnesty International ta fitar da rahotonta na 2014/2015.
Kuna iya saukar da rahoton ku nemo jerin gazawa a kusan kowace ƙasa ta duniya. Sakamakon wani lokaci yana da ban tsoro.

A cewar Salil Shetty, Sakatare Janar na Amestry International, wannan shekara ta kasance mai muni ga masu neman tsayawa tsayin daka wajen kare hakkin bil adama da kuma wadanda suka fada cikin wahalhalun yankunan yaki.

Gwamnatoci sun jajirce kan mahimmancin kare fararen hula. Kuma duk da haka ’yan siyasar duniya sun gaza wajen kare masu tsananin bukata. Amnesty International ta yi imanin cewa hakan zai iya kuma dole ne a ƙarshe ya canza.

Dokokin jin kai na kasa da kasa - dokar da ke tafiyar da yakin basasa - ba ta iya fitowa fili ba. Kada a taba kai hari kan fararen hula. Ka'idar banbance tsakanin farar hula da mayaka wani muhimmin kariya ne ga mutanen da suka fada cikin mugunyar yaki.

Amma duk da haka, sau da yawa, fararen hula sun sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula. A cikin shekarar da ake bikin cika shekaru 20 da kisan kiyashi a kasar Rwanda, 'yan siyasa sun sha taka ka'idojin kare fararen hula - ko kuma su yi watsi da keta dokokin da wasu ke yi.
Kwamitin Sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya sha kasa magance rikicin Syria a shekarun baya, lokacin da har yanzu ana iya ceton rayuka marasa adadi. Wannan gazawar ta ci gaba a cikin 2014. A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, fiye da mutane 200,000 ne suka mutu - fararen hula - kuma akasarinsu a hare-haren da sojojin gwamnati suka kai. Kusan mutane miliyan 4 daga Syria yanzu sun zama 'yan gudun hijira a wasu kasashe. Fiye da miliyan 7.6 ne ke gudun hijira a cikin Syria.

. Kungiyar da ke dauke da makamai da ke kiran kanta daular Islama (IS, wacce a da ita ce ISIS), wacce ke da alhakin aikata laifukan yaki a Syria, ta aiwatar da sace-sacen mutane, da kashe-kashe irin na kisa, da kuma kawar da kabilanci a arewacin Iraki. Hakazalika, mayakan Shi'a na Iraki sun yi garkuwa da fararen hula 'yan Sunni da dama tare da samun goyon bayan gwamnatin Irakin.

Harin da sojojin haramtacciyar kasar Isra'ila suka kai a Gaza a watan Yuli ya janyo asarar rayukan Falasdinawa 2,000. Har ila yau, mafi yawan waɗannan - aƙalla 1,500 - farar hula ne. Manufar ita ce, kamar yadda Amnesty International ta yi jayayya a cikin cikakken bincike, mai nuna halin ko-in-kula da kuma laifukan yaki. Har ila yau Hamas ta aikata laifukan yaki ta hanyar harba rokokin da ba su ji ba gani ba cikin Isra'ila wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane shida.

A Najeriya, rikicin arewacin kasar tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da 'yan kungiyar Boko Haram ya barke a shafukan farko na duniya, inda kungiyar Boko Haram ta sace 'yan mata 276 a garin Chibok, daya daga cikin laifuffukan da kungiyar ta aikata. Ba a yi la'akari da shi ba, akwai munanan laifuka da jami'an tsaron Najeriya da wadanda ke aiki tare da su suka aikata kan mutanen da ake kyautata zaton 'yan kungiyar Boko Haram ne ko kuma masu goyon bayan Boko Haram, wasu daga cikinsu an nada su a bidiyo, wanda Amnesty International ta bayyana a watan Agusta; An jefa gawarwakin wadanda aka kashe a cikin wani kabari.

A Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, fiye da mutane 5,000 ne suka mutu a rikicin addini duk da kasancewar dakarun kasa da kasa. Gallazawa da fyade da kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa jama'a da kyar suka fito a shafukan farko na duniya. Har ila yau, yawancin wadanda suka mutu farar hula ne.

Kuma a Sudan ta Kudu – sabuwar jiha a duniya – dubun dubatan fararen hula ne aka kashe yayin da wasu miliyan 2 suka tsere daga gidajensu a rikicin da ke tsakanin gwamnati da ‘yan adawa. An aikata laifukan yaki da cin zarafin bil adama daga bangarorin biyu.

Jerin da ke sama - kamar yadda wannan sabon rahoto na shekara-shekara kan yanayin 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasashe 160 ya nuna a sarari - da ƙyar ya fara tonon sililin. Wasu za su iya cewa ba za a iya yin kome ba, cewa yaƙin ya kasance yana kashe fararen hula, kuma babu abin da zai iya canzawa.

Wannan ba daidai ba ne. Yana da mahimmanci a fuskanci cin zarafi akan fararen hula, da kuma gurfanar da wadanda ke da hannu a gaban kuliya. Wani mataki a bayyane kuma a zahiri yana jiran a ɗauka: Amnesty International ta yi maraba da shawarar, wanda yanzu haka kusan gwamnatoci 40 ke goyon bayan kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ya amince da kaurace wa yin amfani da veto ta hanyar da za ta toshe. Matakin Kwamitin Sulhu a cikin yanayi na kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan yaki da cin zarafin bil'adama.

Wannan zai zama muhimmin mataki na farko, kuma zai iya ceton rayuka da yawa.
Sai dai gazawar, ba wai kawai ta kasance ta fuskar hana ta'addanci ba ne kawai. An kuma hana kai agajin kai tsaye ga miliyoyin da suka gujewa rikicin da ya dabaibaye kauyuka da garuruwansu.
Wadannan gwamnatocin da suka fi sha'awar yin magana da babbar murya kan gazawar wasu gwamnatocin sun nuna ba su son ci gaba da bayar da muhimmin taimako da wadannan 'yan gudun hijirar ke bukata - ta fuskar taimakon kudi, da samar da matsuguni. Kimanin kashi 2% na 'yan gudun hijira daga Siriya an sake tsugunar da su a karshen 2014 - adadi wanda dole ne ya ninka sau uku a cikin 2015.

A halin da ake ciki dai, dimbin 'yan gudun hijira da bakin haure na rasa rayukansu a tekun Mediterrenean yayin da suke kokarin isa gabar tekun Turai. Rashin goyon bayan da wasu kasashe mambobin kungiyar EU ke yi don gudanar da ayyukan bincike da ceto ya haifar da mummunar asarar rayuka.

Ɗaya daga cikin matakan da za a iya ɗauka don kare fararen hula a cikin rikici shine ƙara ƙuntata amfani da makamai masu fashewa a wuraren da mutane ke da yawa. Wannan da ya ceci rayuka da dama a Ukraine, inda 'yan awaren da ke samun goyon bayan Rasha (duk da rashin gamsuwa da musanta rahoton Amnesty International na 2014/15)  Sojojin Kyiv duka sun auka wa unguwannin fararen hula.

Muhimmancin ka'idojin kare fararen hula yana nufin cewa dole ne a sami gaskiya da adalci idan aka keta wadannan ka'idoji. A cikin wannan yanayi, kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International ta yi maraba da matakin da kwamitin kare hakkin bil'adama na MDD ya dauka a birnin Geneva na fara gudanar da binciken kasa da kasa kan zarge-zargen cin zarafi da cin zarafi a rikicin kasar Sri Lanka, inda a cikin 'yan watannin karshe na rikicin a shekara ta 2009. an kashe dubunnan fararen hula. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International ta yi kamfen don gudanar da irin wannan binciken tun shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Idan ba tare da irin wannan lissafin ba, ba za mu taɓa ci gaba ba.

Sauran bangarorin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun ci gaba da buƙatar ingantawa. A Meziko, bacewar dalibai 43 a watan Satumba wani lamari ne mai ban takaici na baya-bayan nan ga sama da mutane 22,000 da suka bace ko kuma suka bace.
bace a Mexico tun 2006; Ana kyautata zaton gungun masu aikata laifuka ne suka yi garkuwa da yawancinsu, amma wasu da dama an ruwaito cewa ‘yan sanda da sojoji sun yi amfani da su wajen bacewar su, wani lokacin kuma suna yin hadin gwiwa da wadannan kungiyoyin. ‘Yan tsirarun wadanda aka gano gawarwakinsu na nuna alamun azabtarwa da kuma wasu munanan kalamai. Hukumomin tarayya da na Jihohi sun kasa gudanar da bincike kan wadannan laifuffuka domin tabbatar da cewa jami’an jihar za su iya shiga hannu tare da tabbatar da bin doka da oda ga wadanda lamarin ya shafa har da ‘yan uwansu. Baya ga rashin mayar da martani, gwamnati ta yi yunkurin yin rufa-rufa kan rikicin kare hakkin bil adama da ake fama da shi, ana kuma samun yawaitar rashin hukunta masu laifi, da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma kara tura sojoji.

A cikin 2014, gwamnatoci a sassa da dama na duniya sun ci gaba da murkushe ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ƙungiyoyin jama'a - wani ɓangare na yabo mara kyau ga mahimmancin rawar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a ke takawa. Rasha ta ƙara ƙwaƙƙwara tare da sanyaya "dokar wakilan kasashen waje", harshen yaren Cold War. A Masar, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ga wani mummunan hari, tare da yin amfani da dokar da aka kafa a zamanin Mubarak kan ƙungiyoyi don aikewa da sako mai karfi cewa gwamnati ba za ta amince da duk wani rashin amincewa ba. Manyan kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil adama sun janye daga binciken da kwamitin kare hakkin bil adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi kan batun kare hakkin dan Adam na Masar saboda fargabar daukar matakin ramuwar gayya.
Kamar yadda ya faru a lokuta da dama da suka gabata, masu zanga-zangar sun nuna jajircewa duk da barazanar da aka yi musu.

A Hong Kong, dubun-dubatar sun bijirewa barazanar jami'ai tare da fuskantar wuce gona da iri da 'yan sanda suka yi amfani da karfi ba bisa ka'ida ba, a cikin abin da aka fi sani da "motsin laima", suna amfani da muhimman hakkokinsu na 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da taro.

Ana zargin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam a wasu lokuta da cewa suna da kishi a cikin mafarkinmu na samar da canji. Amma dole ne mu tuna cewa abubuwa masu ban mamaki suna iya yiwuwa.

A ranar 24 ga Disamba, yarjejeniyar cinikin makamai ta kasa da kasa ta fara aiki, bayan da aka ketare iyakokin 50 watanni uku da suka gabata.

Amnesty International da sauransu sun yi yakin neman zabe na tsawon shekaru 20. An sha gaya mana cewa irin wannan yarjejeniya ba ta yiwuwa. Yarjejeniyar ta wanzu, kuma za ta haramta sayar da makamai ga wadanda za su iya amfani da su wajen aikata ta'asa. Don haka zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa - lokacin da batun aiwatarwa zai zama mabuɗin.
Shekarar 2014 ta cika shekaru 30 tun lokacin da aka amince da Yarjejeniyar Yaki da azabtarwa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - wata Yarjejeniya ce wacce Amnesty International ta yi yakin neman zabe na tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa aka ba kungiyar lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a shekarar 1977.

Wannan bikin ya kasance a wani bangare na bikin - amma kuma lokaci ne da za a lura da cewa azabtarwa ta ci gaba da zama ruwan dare a duniya, dalilin da ya sa Amnesty International ta kaddamar da yakin neman dakatar da azabtarwa a duniya a wannan shekara.

Wannan saƙon na yaƙi da azabtarwa ya sami sauti na musamman bayan buga rahoton Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a watan Disamba, wanda ya nuna a shirye yake don yaƙar azabtarwa a cikin shekaru bayan harin 11 ga Satumba 2001 a Amurka. Ya yi matukar muhimmanci cewa wasu wadanda ke da alhakin azabtarwa da alama sun yi imani cewa ba su da abin kunya.

Daga Washington zuwa Damascus, daga Abuja zuwa Colombo, shugabannin gwamnati sun ba da hujjar tauye hakkin dan adam ta hanyar yin magana game da bukatar kiyaye kasar "lafiya". A gaskiya, akasin haka shine lamarin. Irin waɗannan ƙetaren dalili ɗaya ne mai muhimmanci da ya sa muke rayuwa a cikin wannan duniyar mai haɗari a yau. Ba za a iya samun tsaro ba tare da haƙƙin ɗan adam ba.

Mun sha ganin cewa, ko da a wasu lokutan da ake ganin ba su da kyau ga yancin ɗan adam - kuma watakila musamman a irin waɗannan lokuta - yana yiwuwa a haifar da gagarumin sauyi.

Dole ne mu yi fatan cewa, duban baya ga 2014 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, abin da muka yi rayuwa a cikin 2014 za a gansa a matsayin nadir - babban matsayi - daga abin da muka tashi kuma muka samar da kyakkyawar makoma.

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Linda Hohnholz

Edita a shugaba don eTurboNews bisa ga eTN HQ.

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