Gaskiya akan gwaji

Sashen New York na Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Amirka (PRSA) ta yi la'akari da kwanan nan Gaskiya da kuma sanya shi a kotu. Taron ya hada da masu sana'ar watsa labarai, tallace-tallace da kuma ƙwararrun ilimi waɗanda suka bayyana tunaninsu da abubuwan da suka faru dangane da ayyukansu da gogewarsu a cikin masana'antar hulɗar jama'a.

Ko da yake an yi ijma'i akan cewa gabatar da gaskiya yawanci shine mafi kyawun zaɓi fiye da bayar da wani abu dabam, an tambayi mahalarta taron, "Shin kun taɓa yin ƙarya?" Aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa uku na masu sauraro sun yarda da yin maganganun da ba gaskiya ba ne.

Cibiyar Hulda da Jama’a ta gudanar da irin wannan taro a shekarar 2018, ta duba Gaskiya Lalacewa da kuma yanayin haɗa gaskiya da almara. Taron ya kalli ƙwararrun hulɗar jama'a da rawar da suke takawa a matsayin "masu ƙirƙira da masu watsa bayanai waɗanda suka dogara da dogaro ga yanayin bayanai." Ijma'i? PR tana taka rawa wajen faɗin gaskiya kuma Tina McCorkindale, shugabar Cibiyar kuma Shugabar Cibiyar ta ce, "… yayin da miyagu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo sun ƙunshi ɗan ƙaramin yanki na jimillar sana'a… Ina tsammanin PR yana ɗaukar wasu alhakin lalata gaskiya." Norris West, darektan sadarwa na dabarun sadarwa, Gidauniyar Annie E. Casey, ta gano cewa, "Su [PR] sun ƙare suna ɓoye gaskiya ta hanyar jerin ƙananan yanke shawara ..." tare da sakamakon da ya mamaye gaskiyar.

Da yake saukowa a gefen ɗabi'a, McCorkindale ya ƙaddara, cewa a ƙarshen rana, "...rashin samar da gaskiya, ainihin bayanai ba kawai rashin da'a ba ne, amma yana lalata kwarin gwiwa gabaɗaya ga ƙwararru… ana iya rasa aminci cikin sauƙi."

Rayuwa a Duniyar Trump

Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa Donald Trump ya kasance mabuɗin mahimmanci wajen ƙaddamarwa da inganta tunanin tunani, ka'idodin makirci da karya; duk da haka, Kurt Andersen (marubuci, Fantasyland: Yadda American West Haywire) ya gano cewa fantasy yana tare da mu tun farkon alfijir na jamhuriya kuma Amurkawa sun kasance a shirye su yarda da abin da suke so su yi imani da shi tsawon ƙarni.

Akwai Bambanci?

A cewar Larry Walsh (the 2112group.com) akwai bambanci tsakanin gaskiya da gaskiya. Walsh ya gano cewa gaskiya ba za a iya musanya su ba, bisa ƙwaƙƙwaran bincike da ƙididdigewa. Ana iya tabbatar da gaskiya, ingantacce da tarihi.

Gaskiya na iya haɗawa da gaskiya amma kuma tana iya dogara akan imani (bisa ga Walsh). Wasu mutane sun fifita gaskiya akan gaskiya saboda sun fi dacewa da bayanin, cikin sauƙin fahimta kuma suna iya nuna tunaninsu na gaskiya.

Walsh ya gano cewa yayin da hujjoji ba su da tabbas; gaskiya abin karba ne. Masanin tattalin arziki Charles Wheelan (Naked Economics; Naked Statistic) ya gano cewa, "...yana da sauƙi a yi ƙarya da ƙididdiga, amma yana da wuya a faɗi gaskiya ba tare da su ba."

Kellyanne Conway, mashawarcin Amurka ga Shugaba Trump ya bayyana, yayin ganawa da manema labarai (Janairu 22, 2017), lokacin da aka danna shi yayin wata hira da Chuck Todd, yana bayyana dalilin da ya sa Sakataren Yada Labarai Sean Spicer zai iya "fadi gaskiya," in ji Spicer. bada "madadin gaskiya." A ƙoƙarin kare bayaninta, Conway ta yanke shawarar cewa "madadin gaskiyar" sune "ƙarin gaskiyar da madadin bayanai."

Za Mu Iya Samun Gaskiya?

Tare da samun damar samun bayanai marasa iyaka a duniya ya kamata mu iya karantawa ko jin gaskiya; duk da haka, a cewar Cibiyar Rand, muna fuskantar Ruɓawar Gaskiya a rayuwar jama'ar Amurka. Jennifer Kavanagh da Michael D. Rich (2018) mawallafa na Rushewar Gaskiya, sun ƙaddara akwai abubuwa guda huɗu da za a yi la'akari da su:

1. Gaskiya ba a ɗaukarsu a matsayin GASKIYA; har ma akwai sabani game da abin da yake gaskiya. Ana tambayar bayanai, gami da hanyoyin tattara su, tantancewa da fassara su.
2. Layi tsakanin ra'ayi da gaskiya ya zama kusan marar gani.
3. Ra'ayoyi da abubuwan da suka faru na sirri suna ɗaukar matsayin gaskiya da gaskiya.
4. Abubuwan da aka mutunta a baya ba a amince da su ba.

Ari-Elmeri Hyvonen (2018, Jami'ar Jyvaskyla, Finland) ya ƙaddara cewa Donald Trump ya nuna rashin amincewarsa da ƙiyayya ga gaskiyar gaskiya. Kamar yadda William Connolly (2017) ya ba da shawara, Trump ya rungumi manufar "babban ƙarya" da aka sani da mu daga farfagandar gurguzu ta ƙasa da aka gano cewa Adolf Hitler ne, a Mein Kampf, wanda ya lura cewa an fi sauƙin yaudarar talakawa da manyan ƙarya fiye da ƙananan (Hitler, 1943, 231-232). “Ƙarya babba” tana aiki ne domin wani mutum ko masu iko ya faɗi ta; yana kira ga motsin rai maimakon dalili; yana tabbatar da son zuciya (ko da ba a san shi ba) a cikin masu sauraro; kuma ana maimaitawa ana maimaitawa ana maimaitawa.

Har ila yau, Hyvonen ya yi magana game da ra'ayin Magance Rashin Kulawa wanda "ba shi da kulawa." Irin wannan maganganun ba su damu da gaskiya ba, yana nuna rashin son shiga tare da wasu ra'ayoyi, ba ya yarda da gaskiyar cewa magana yana da tasiri kuma kalmomi suna da mahimmanci. Irin wannan magana kuma yana haifar da rashin tabbas: Shin da gaske ana nufin kalmomin da aka faɗa da ƙarfi? Imani shine cewa duk abin da aka fada ba zai yiwu ba.

Ƙarya ce ko BS?

Harry Frankfurt, a cikin littafinsa On Bullshit (Jami'ar Princeton) yayi tunani akan manufar "bullshit" gano cewa "bullshitter" ba ya damu da yadda abubuwa suke da gaske. Maƙaryaci yana ƙoƙari ya ɓoye gaskiya yayin da maƙaryaci yakan damu kawai don ya cika nufinsa.

Hyvonen ya gano cewa “…Maganar rashin kulawa ba ta ginu kan maganganun da aka ƙera a hankali waɗanda ke da kyau amma kusan ba su da ma’ana. Maimakon ƙoƙarin lallashi, maganganun rashin kulawa na neman haifar da ruɗani da kawo dakatar da muhawarar dimokuradiyya. "

Shin Gaskiya Ta Boye?

Kavanagh da Rich sun ƙaddara cewa akwai lalacewa a cikin gaskiya saboda tsinkaye, haɓakar kafofin watsa labarun da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa, tare da rashin iyawar masu amfani da su don tafiya tare da adadin bayanan da ake samuwa, canje-canje a cikin hanyoyin samun bayanai, da kuma sabani tsakanin siyasa da al'umma.

Yayin da muka kauce wa gaskiya da bayanan da ke da amfani (idan ba mahimmanci ba) a cikin muhawarar siyasa da yanke shawara na siyasa, akwai raguwa a cikin maganganun jama'a kamar yadda ba za mu iya yarda da yarda (ko rashin yarda ba). Rashin yarjejeniya kan gaskiya kuma yana raunana muhimman cibiyoyin al'adu, diflomasiyya da tattalin arziki.

Kafofin watsa labaru sun tashi daga dogaro da gaskiya da rahotanni masu wuyar labarai zuwa dogaro ga masu sharhi da ra'ayoyi saboda gazawar kasafin kuɗi da kasuwannin da aka yi niyya. Wannan yana ƙara wa ɗimbin gaskiya da ra'ayi, yana ƙara saurin ruɓewar gaskiya.

Masana kimiyya da bincike - ƙungiyoyi masu tushe, waɗanda ke fuskantar buƙatun bugawa (yawanci masu tallafawa kamfanoni ko wasu tsare-tsare na tallafi) akai-akai suna haifar da buga ƙima, ɓarna ko ƙarshe na kuskure, biyan buƙatun masu tallafawa, da asarar rukunin yanar gizon. bukatun mabukaci.

Kavanagh da Rich sun nuna yatsa ga 'yan siyasa da wakilan gwamnati, gami da hukumomin tarayya, Majalisa, jahohi da shuwagabannin kananan hukumomi da majalisun dokoki wadanda ke da ruwa da tsaki wajen karkatar da bayanai har zuwa inda yake da wahala a raba gaskiya da almara. Masu magana da mata na duniya suna ɓata layi tsakanin ra'ayi da gaskiya suna ƙara tasirinsu ga haɗar gogewa da ra'ayi na sirri da sanya shi zama mafi mahimmanci fiye da gaskiya.

Labaran Talabijin Ya Ƙirƙirar Ganawa

Ka yi tunani game da shirye-shiryen talabijin da Rachel Maddow, da Sean Hannity suka shirya, inda akwai cakuda gaskiya da ra'ayi ba tare da bayyananniyar layukan da ke raba juna da juna ba. Yawan adadin bayanai daga talabijin, kafofin watsa labarun, mujallu na kan layi da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo suna haifar da hodgepodge na bayanan da ke da gajiya don narkewa, balle a raba gaskiya daga ra'ayi, ƙarya da BS.

Har Yara sun Rude

Wani bincike na Stanford na 2016 na ɗaliban tsakiyar makaranta ya gano cewa gabaɗaya sun kasa bambance amincin bayanan kan layi, raba labarun gaskiya da labaran karya. Hakanan ba su iya bambance tallace-tallace da abun ciki da aka ba da tallafi ba ko kimanta son zuciya na tushen bayanai lokacin tantance ko sanarwa ta kasance gaskiya ko ra'ayi.

Rand yana da bege

Binciken / rahoton Rand yana da bege cewa ta hanyar rahoton bincike yanayin bayanin yana da yuwuwar haɓakawa. Har ila yau, sun ba da shawarar cewa yin amfani da bayanai da sauye-sauye a manufofin gwamnati zai ƙarfafa haɓakar lissafi da gaskiya. Har ila yau, sun ba da shawarar buƙatar canza hanyoyin sadarwa don bayanai da bayanai - gabatar da bayanan ta hanyar da ba ta da barazana da kuma tsarin "kai sama", faɗakar da masu amfani da cewa bayanan da suke karantawa ko ji na iya yin magudi ko karya.

Dangantakar Jama'a - Shin Gaskiya ne?

A cewar Mark Weiner, Babban Jami'in Insights, Cision da Shugaba, Prime Research Americas, dangantakar jama'a game da gaskiya da gaskiya ne. A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a cikin Journal of Mass Media Ethics, ƙwararrun PR suna da alhakin kare gaskiya don amfanin kungiyar. Yana da PR mayar da hankali ga gaskiya da gaskiya wanda ya sa sana'a ta zama muhimmin ɓangare na c-suite.

A cewar Anthony D'Angelo, Farfesa na Ayyuka a Harkokin Hulɗa da Jama'a, Jami'ar Syracuse, "Ba za mu yi ƙarya ko yaudara ba. Muna yin adalci… ba mu yin wani abu da ba za mu so kafafen yada labarai su ba da rahoto ba.” Masu sana'a na PR suna da alhakin gina amincewa tare da abokan ciniki, masu daukan ma'aikata da kafofin watsa labaru.

A cewar Leslie Gottlieb, Shugaban NY Chapter, PRSA, "Yanzu yana da mahimmanci fiye da kowane lokaci cewa sana'armu ta kiyaye ainihin ka'idodinmu da alhakinmu na hidimar jama'a."

Shirin. Gaskiya Akan Gwaji: Matsayin Gaskiya A Cikin Al'ummar Yau

E Dakta Elinor a hankali. Wannan labarin haƙƙin mallaka, gami da hotuna, ba za a sake buga shi ba tare da rubutaccen izini daga marubucin ba.