Keɓe kai, koma bayan tattalin arziki, da fargabar lafiya na iya ci gaba da yin la'akari da lambobin fasinjojin jirgin. Rikicin COVID-19 ya dakatar da kamfanonin jiragen sama tare da dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duk faɗin duniya, tare da sakamakon tattalin arziƙin da ya zarce fannin. Anan akwai sigogi guda huɗu waɗanda ke nuna manyan ƙalubalen da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke fuskanta a yanzu - da manyan canje-canjen da za mu iya gani a cikin wannan masana'antar mai mahimmanci.
Vijay Poonoosamy memba ne na kungiyar sake ginawa. tafiya Hukumar Kula da Masana ta Duniya. A makon da ya gabata ya yi magana a Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya a matsayin Daraktan Harkokin Kasa da Kasa da Jama'a na kungiyar QI ta Singapore
Kamfanonin jiragen sama na fuskantar hasarar tarihi, ba kawai a wannan shekarar ba
Ana sa ran kamfanonin jiragen sama a duniya za su yi asarar dala biliyan 84 a shekarar 2020, fiye da sau uku asarar da aka yi yayin rikicin hada-hadar kudi na duniya. A cewar Kungiyar Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IATA).
Tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin duniya da fargabar matafiya na kamuwa da cutar na iya ci gaba da yin la'akari da lambobin fasinjoji, duk da cewa takunkumin tafiye-tafiye ya fara sauƙi. Ana kuma sa ran tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci zai ci gaba da yin kasala, tare da kamfanoni suna lura da tasirin ceton farashi na tarurrukan bidiyo da taron kan layi. Irin wannan tanadi zai zama mafi maraba a cikin yanayi mai wahala na tattalin arziki. Don haka har yanzu ana sa ran kamfanonin jiragen sama za su yi asarar dala biliyan 16 a shekarar 2021, kuma hakan yana zaton ba za a sake samun bullar cutar COVID-19 na biyu a kaka da hunturu ba.
Matakan keɓewa suna da irin wannan tasirin masana'antu zuwa cikakken takunkumin tafiye-tafiye
Kasashe sun fara karbar baƙi daga ƙasashen waje kuma, amma wannan galibi ana haɗa shi tare da yanayin keɓe na makonni biyu bayan isowa. Ga kamfanonin jiragen sama, da wuya canjin ya haifar da dawo da lambobin fasinja. Binciken IATA yana nuna irin wannan faɗuwar jiragen sama a ƙarƙashin cikakken takunkumin tafiye-tafiye, da shigarwa tare da keɓe. Wannan yana da ma'ana: masu yawon bude ido suna iya zama a gida fiye da ciyar da hutun su duka a keɓe, kuma don balaguron kasuwanci na kwana ɗaya ko biyu, saitin ba ya aiki kwata-kwata. Wannan ya sa farfadowar fannin ya fi rikitarwa a cikin dogon lokaci.
Wata madadin matakan keɓancewa shine abin da ake kira kumfa tafiye-tafiye ko gadojin iska, ma'ana ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin kamuwa da cuta suna haɗuwa tare kuma suna ba da izinin keɓancewa tsakanin juna. Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin na iya ɗan ɗan taimaka lambobin fasinja, amma ba su canza gaskiyar cewa tafiye-tafiyen duniya zai kasance da iyaka don nan gaba. Har ila yau, akwai yuwuwar yarjejeniyoyin za su iya canzawa cikin lokaci, ya danganta da ko wasu ƙasashe sun fuskanci raƙuman ruwa na biyu ko ma barkewar wani wuri.
Kamfanonin jiragen sama ne kawai na labarin - duk masana'antar tafiye-tafiye suna cikin matsala mai zurfi
Masu zuwa yawon bude ido na iya fadi da biliyan 1 a bana, a cewar wani kiyasin hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Tasirin ƙwanƙwasa kan babban tattalin arzikin zai zama bala'i. Bangaren tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude ido sun ba da gudummawa Ayyuka miliyan 330 ko 1 cikin ayyuka 10 a duniya a cikin 2019, kuma ya kara dala tiriliyan 8.9 zuwa Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida na duniya. Idan takunkumin tafiye-tafiye na yanzu ya fara sauƙi daga Satumba, wannan gudummawar za ta iya nutsewa da kashi 62% zuwa dala biliyan 5.5 a cikin 2020, kuma fiye da Ana iya rasa ayyukan yi miliyan 197 a duk duniya.
Farfadowar masana'antar yawon shakatawa za ta yiwu ne kawai idan har yanzu kamfanonin jiragen sama suna can don maraba da fasinjoji da zarar sun shirya sake tashi.
Idan aka yi la’akari da waɗannan bala’o’i, haɗe da faffadan tattalin arziƙi da dabarun zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, dole ne gwamnatoci su shiga tsakani don tallafa musu ta wannan rikicin da kuma ta kowane hali, bayan haka.
Gwamnatoci suna ba da belin kamfanonin jiragen sama - amma shin suna tallafawa wadanda suka dace?
Gwamnatoci suna da ya kashe dala biliyan 123 don tallafawa kamfanonin jiragen sama, kuma mai yiwuwa ya zama dole ya kashe kuɗi yayin da matsalolin ɓangaren ke ja. Koyaya, maimakon iyakance taimakonsu ga kamfanonin jiragen sama waɗanda ke da wadatar kuɗi kafin rikicin, gwamnatoci galibi suna ba da agaji ba tare da la'akari da dorewar kasuwancin na dogon lokaci ba. Wannan yana da damuwa, saboda taimakon jihar na yanzu (wanda ke haifar da bashi maimakon daidaito) zai kara yawan bashin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Da zarar annobar ta wuce, wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama na iya yin kasala ko ta yaya, bashi da rashin kulawa.
Dama ga sashen?
Yayin da gwamnatoci ke ba da ƙarin tallafin jihohi cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama, da alama za su fara neman wani abu a madadin su. Wani yanayi mai yuwuwa shi ne cewa za su canza zuwa tallafawa kamfanonin jiragen sama kawai waɗanda ke da ingantaccen tsari da kuma kuɗin kuɗi kafin rikicin, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga muradun ƙasa. Ana iya tilasta wa kamfanonin jiragen sama da suka gaza yin garambawul ga tsarin kasuwancinsu da sarrafa su. Tuni dai aka yi kira ga gwamnatoci su yi hakan tallafa wa sana'o'i masu inganci kawai a fadin sassa daban-daban, kamar yadda wani abu zai haifar da rashin tabbas da farfadowar tattalin arziki.
Hakanan za'a iya samun canji mai fa'ida, mai inganci a gaba: gwamnatoci na iya tambayar kamfanonin jiragen sama su yi la'akari da muradun masu ruwa da tsaki, ba kawai masu hannun jari ba. Kungiyoyin kare muhalli da sauran kungiyoyi sun bukaci alal misali da cewa a danganta duk wani tallafi na jirgin sama yanayi kamar ingantattun haƙƙin ma'aikata da ƙarin matakan rage hayaƙi da magance sauyin yanayi. Wasu gwamnatocin sun riga sun yi tayin bailouts da yanayi masu alaka.
Masu ruwa da tsaki sun hada da gwamnati da kananan hukumomi, amma har da filayen jiragen sama, tafiye-tafiye, da yawon bude ido, da sauran bangarorin kasuwanci, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da abin ya shafa, da duk wani mai jin muradin su. Muryoyinsu na iya yin tasiri sosai yayin da kamfanonin jiragen sama suka fi dogaro da tallafin jihohi. A cikin masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da yawon shakatawa, an riga an yi kira da a yi amfani da rikicin a matsayin wata dama ta samar da karin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da muhalli. samfurin yawon shakatawa mai dorewa. Wani abu makamancin haka na iya faruwa a cikin masana'antar jirgin sama idan muka ga lambobi na yanzu da tsinkaya a matsayin yunƙurin yin mafi kyau da kuma taimakawa wajen tsara kyakkyawar makoma don balaguron jirgin sama.
Asali ya bayyana a cikin Ajandar Tattalin Arzikin Duniya.
ABUBUWAN DA ZA KU GUDU DAGA WANNAN LABARI:
- Airlines around the world are expected to lose a record $84 billion in 2020, more than three times the loss made during in the Global Financial Crisis, according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
- The global economic recession and travellers' fear of catching the virus are likely to continue to weigh on passenger numbers, even as travel restrictions are starting to ease.
- Airlines are therefore still expected to lose $16 billion in 2021, and that's assuming there won't be a second wave of COVID-19 infections in the autumn and winter.
