Fasinjan jirgin ruwa ya karye idon sawu yayin balaguron “matsakaiciya”: Shin layin jirgin ruwa ne abin dogaro?

A cikin dokar dokar tafiye tafiyen wannan makon, mun bincika batun Brown v. Oceania Cruises, Inc., Shari'a mai lamba 17-22645-CIV-ALTONAGE / Goodman (SD Fla. Mayu 30, 2018) a ciki “Mai kara (ɗan shekara 78) da mijinta (maimaita masu jirgi)… fasinjoji ne a jirgin ruwa mai suna Riviera (kuma) zaɓi (ed) da siyo (d) (yawon shakatawa na bakin teku) dangane da kayan kasuwancin jirgin ruwan.

Lokacin zabar yawon shakatawa na bakin teku (masu gabatar da kara) kawar da (d) daga (tunaninsu) duk rangadin tare da alamomi masu sauƙi ko wahala / wahala, la'akari da yawon shakatawa kawai tare da alamun 'matsakaici'. (A wannan jirgin ruwan) Masu shigar da kara (s) sun sayi Virgin Gorda da Baths Exursion a Tortola, British Virgin Islands… bayan da suka karɓi Cruise Vacation Guide, tallan tallan da wanda ake kara ya aika musu (wanda) ya bayyana yawon shakatawa a matsayin 'matsakaiciyar aiki'… Yayin da aka hau hanya… Karar mai shigar da kara ta kama tsakanin duwatsu biyu kuma idonta ya karye… Bayan da likitan jirgin ya bada shawarar mai shigar da kara ya sauka (an) kai ta Asibitin Mutane a Tortola (amma) ya ƙi tiyata (kuma) da zarar ta koma Florida… an yi mata tiyata a idon sawunta kuma tana kwance a keken guragu na tsawon makonni ”.

Masu shigar da kara sun shigar da kara tare da zargin sakaci, zamba, karya take na 817.41 Dokokin Florida da kuma ba da bayanin karya.

Motsi don yanke hukunci daga masu shigar da kara da wanda ake kara sun musanta.

Shari'ar ta Brown ta kawo wani sabon labari wanda shine mahimmancin doka game da ƙididdigar tafiye-tafiye ta hanyar da layin shaƙatawa ke bayyana matakin ayyukan yawon buɗe ido da suke gabatarwa. Misali, batun Virgin Gorda da Balaguron Baths (yawon shakatawa) an bayyana shi ta layin jirgin ruwa daban daban, ma'ana, Oceania ya bayyana tafiyar a matsayin "matsakaiciyar aiki"; Kogin Ruwa guda Bakwai (wanda aka fi sani da Regent) ya ba da izinin Balaguro a 'aiki mai wahala'; NCL (Bahamas) Ltd, sun ƙaddara yawon shakatawa a “Matakan Ayyuka 3 ″.

Rigima Akan Ma'anar Kalmomi

“Wanda ake kara ya lura da wasu layukan jiragen ruwa da ke tallata yawon shakatawa tare da bayanai iri-iri, da suka hada da 'tsattsauran yanayi', 'mai aiki', 'yawo mai yawa a kan tsaunuka da santsi' da 'matsakaici' Wanda ake tuhuma ya tabbatar da kwatancin da gargadin da wasu layin jirgin ruwa suka bayar game da yawon shakatawa suna da kama da nasa (“matsakaicin aiki”). Mai shigar da kara ya yi sabani game da kwatancen wanda ake kara game da bayaninsa da gargadinsa ga na sauran layukan jirgin ruwa saboda ana iya samun 'sabanin ra'ayi' tsakanin rangadin da ake kara da wanda wasu kamfanoni ke yi ”.

Kotun I-sakaci

“Mai shigar da karar ta ce tana da ikon yanke hukunci a takaice game da iƙirarinta na sakaci saboda wanda ake kara ya gaza aikinsa na faɗakarwa game da haɗarin filin tafiyar, kuma wannan gazawar ta haifar da rauni. A nata bangaren, wanda ake karar ya nace cewa yana da ikon yanke hukunci… saboda yadda yawon bude ido ya kasance ba wata ma'ana ce ta zahiri ba, tana yawan gargadin mai kara game da halin tsananin tafiya, yanayin hanyar a bude yake kuma a bayyane kuma duk wani sakaci daga bangarensa. bai haifar da rauni ga mai shigar da karar ba… Mai shigar da kara ya yarda wanda ake kara ya yi masa gargadi, amma ya yi gargadin cewa gargadin 'basu isa ba' saboda sun bayyana Tafiyar a matsayin 'matsakaiciyar' aiki. Mai shigar da kara da wanda ake kara sun nuna rashin jituwa kan ko bayanin da wanda ake kara ya yi game da balaguron a matsayin 'matsakaici' gargadi ne mai kyau, kuma kowane bangare ya kawo hujjoji daga faifan da ke nuna fassarar gargadin… Kotun ba za ta yanke hukunci da kanta ba… ko bayanin gamsuwar aikin wanda ake kara na fadakar da mai kara game da hatsarin da ya sani ko kuma ya kamata ya sani. Akwai takaddama bayyananniya game da zahirin abu kuma) tambaya game da wane harshe ya isa don gargaɗar da haɗarin Balaguron al'amari ne na gaskiya ga masu yanke hukunci don yanke hukunci… Bugu da ƙari koda haɗarin da Tafiyar ke buɗewa a bayyane take, '[ t] kitsen abin da aka koka-na hadari a bude yake kuma bayyananniya ba wata cikakkiyar mashaya ce ta dawowa ba (yana ambaton Pucci v. Carnival Corp., 146 F. Supp. 3d 1281, 1289 (SD Fla. 2015)).

Idaya II-zamba

“Don tabbatar da wanda ake kara yayi bayanin karya game da batun, mai shigar da kara ya ce kayan tallan wadanda ake kara sun kunshi‘ karya da rashin dacewar bayanin yawon bude ido saboda sun yiwa lakabi da Balaguron a matsayin matsakaici maimakon tsaurarawa… Da farko, bangarorin ba sa iya yarda da wanda ya tantance Yawon shakatawa a matsayin 'matsakaici'. Mai shigar da karar ya ce wanda ake kara ya aikata haka; yayin da wanda ake tuhumar ya ce an 'sanyaya' [kasuwa] a matsayin 'matsakaici' bisa bukatar masu yawon bude ido, Tsibirin Jirgin ruwa da Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, ba Oceania 'ba. Ma'anar abubuwan da ke cikin kayan sayarwar ma suna cikin takaddama… Tabbatar da gaskiya game da ko kayan tallan wanda ake kara ya zama bayanin karya magana ce ta juriya, ba Kotu ba ”.

Kidaya Tallace-Tallacen Bata

“Da’awar mai shigar da kara na tallata yaudara ta taso ne a karkashin Sashe na 817.41, Dokokin Florida. '[T] ku ci gaba da aiki na gari saboda karya doka [mai gabatar da kara dole ne] ya tabbatar da kowane bangare na yaudarar doka ta gari yayin shigar da su, gami da dogaro da cutarwa, dangi don dawo da diyya don ko wanda ake tuhumar ya haukatar da bayanin gaskiyar abin. Mai gabatar da kara ya dogara ne da kimar tafiye-tafiye na tafiye-tafiye da Regent Bakwai Bakwai Cruise da Norwegian Cruise Line suka bayar don jayayya da ƙimar wanda ake tuhuma na 'matsakaici' ba daidai ba ne. A cewar wanda ake kara, matakin yawon shakatawa ba wai bata suna ba ne domin ba a nufin kimantawa da wakiltar duk wata gaskiya da za a iya nunawa gaba daya [wannan wani bambancin ne na kare kai daga kararraki a shari'o'in yaudarar doka]. Wanda ake tuhumar ya kuma yi ikirarin yadda sauran masu gudanar da aikin na Virgin Gorda da na Baths yawon shakatawa - ciki har da na Carnival Cruise Line, da Norwegian Cruise Line da kuma Shire Excursions Group - sun yi daidai da na 'matsakaicin', suna nuna darajar ta dace… Gaskiyar da ke cikin waɗannan muhawara suna cikin rikici ”.

Kammalawa

Akwai buƙatar daidaito tsakanin layukan jirgin ruwa daban-daban game da yadda aka bayyana wannan balaguron bakin teku. Shari'ar ta Brown tana taimaka wa fasinjojin jirgin ruwa ta hanyar mai da hankalin Kotun kan bayanin layin jirgin ruwa game da balaguronta na gabar teku.

Patricia da Tom Dickerson

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, ya mutu ne a ranar 26 ga Yulin, 2018 yana da shekara 74. Ta hanyar alherin dangin sa, eTurboNews ana ba shi damar raba abubuwan da muke da su a kan fayil wanda ya aiko mana don bugawa a mako-mako.

Hon. Dickerson ya yi ritaya a matsayin Mataimakin Alkalin Kotun daukaka kara, Sashe na Biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 42 gami da litattafan da yake sabuntawa na shekara-shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Lauyan Jarida Lauya (2018), Litigating International Torts in Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2018), da sama da labaran doka 500 wadanda yawancinsu sune samuwa a nan. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiya da ci gaba, musamman a cikin membobin membobin EU, duba IFTTA.org.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izini ba.