Ciwon Zuciya
Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da masana'antun jiragen ruwa na duniya da rikice-rikicen yawon bude ido ya nuna gazawar tsarin cikin masana'antar don fahimtar cutar COVID-19. Har zuwa (har da) 2019, layukan jirgin ruwa sun kasance ɓangare mafi haɓaka cikin masana'antar yawon buɗe ido. A cikin 2018, yawan gudummawar tattalin arziki (kai tsaye, kai tsaye, da haifar) na yawon shakatawa zuwa tattalin arzikin duniya (ta hanyar kayayyaki da aiyuka) ya kai dala biliyan 150, tare da ayyuka na cikakken lokaci 1,177,000.
Koyaya, masana'antun jiragen ruwa masana'antun masana'antu ne masu fama da rikice-rikice kuma dangane da annobar COVID-19 da kuma ɓarkewar da aka yiwa Diamond Princess da Grand Princess, manyan layukan jirgin ruwa suna tuna mana mutum-mutumin da mafarkin Nebukadnezzar ya kasance: mai girma da ban sha'awa, mutum-mutum mai walƙiya, mai ban mamaki a cikin fasalinsa amma da ƙafafunsa an yi shi da yumɓun yumɓu.
Rikicin da ke da nasaba da jiragen ruwa ba sabo bane. A cikin 1912 nutsewar jirgin Titanic ya sanya labarai kuma ana ci gaba da yin bita da kuma suka. A cikin 1915 SS Eastland sun nitse a cikin tashar jirgin ruwa ta Chicago sun kashe sama da 840 na fasinjoji 2500. A shekarar 2005 'yan fashin teku sun kaiwa Ruhun Seabourn hari a gabar Somaliya, kuma a shekarar 2010, Splendor (daya daga cikin manyan jiragen ruwa na Carnival) ya samu gobara kan injin din da ke daure fasinjoji tsawon kwanaki hudu ba tare da wani karfi ba.
Godiya ga norovirus fasinjojin jirgin ruwa na Carnival da yawa sun kamu da rashin lafiya:
1. 2009, Coral Princess: 271 mara lafiya
2. 2010, Gimbiya Gimbiya: 396 ba ta da lafiya
3. 2012, Sun Princess: 216 mara lafiya
4. 2013, Ruby Princess: 276 mara lafiya
A cikin 2014 Mai binciken Tekuna ya sake komawa New Jersey tare da kusan 650 waɗanda ke fama da cutar norovirus cikakke tare da laulayin ciki da gudawa. Fasinjoji da matukan jirgin da ke cikin Celebrity Mercury sun sha wahala ta hanyar ɓarkewa a kan sau biyar a jere a cikin 2000, ciki har da 443 da ba su da lafiya a watan Fabrairun 2000 da 419 a watan Maris. CDC ta ba da umarnin (don haka) ba a ba da gudummawa ba saboda jirgi ya ci gaba da cutar da fasinjoji kuma layin jirgin ba zai daina tafiya ba.
Kwayar cutar tana shafar ciki da hanji kuma ana iya sha daga gurbataccen abinci ko ruwa ko kuma ta hanyar hulɗa da mai cutar. A wasu lokuta, ana iya yada shi ta hanyar ayyukan gidan wanka mara tsabta kamar yadda microbe ke zaune a cikin najasa. Kwayar cutar na iya yaduwa cikin sauri, musamman a kananan wurare kamar jirgin ruwa.
A baya, masana'antun jiragen ruwa sun ba da amsa ga wasu rikice-rikice (watau, harin ta'addancin 9/11, rikicin kudi na duniya na 2008) da sauri kuma suka amince da Dokar Tsaro ta Jirgin Sama da Tashar Jirgin Sama (ISPS Code), suna ba da shirin magance matsalolin tsaro da tsaro. Bayan 9/11 Abercrombie & Kent, kamfanin yawon bude ido mai kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zaman kansu tare da Kogin Nilu, ya girka masu binciken karafa da tsaro na farin kaya a kwale-kwalensu. Jiragen ruwan Royal Caribbean da Celebrity Cruises sun sanya jami'an tsaro na tsofaffin ma'aikatan soji, ciki har da mambobin runduna ta musamman ta Isra'ila, da na ruwa na Burtaniya da kuma Nepalese Gurkhas a kan jiragensu. Hakanan jiragen suna da bututun wuta, radar da fitilun bincike masu ƙarfi (ga makafin maharan maharan) don kare fasinjoji. Dangane da rikice-rikicen kudi na 2008 masana'antar ta saukad da farashin jirgin ruwa (wanda ke rufe tsadar ayyukan aiki) kuma sun mai da hankali kan faɗaɗa kudaden shiga a cikin jirgi.
Shock, Awe da Demise
Menene ya bambanta da COVID-19? Wannan kwayar cutar ta iska ce kuma tana iya zama a saman ta tsawon awanni. Ya bayyana cewa masana'antar ta kasance (kuma ba ta) iya 'yan sanda da muhallin ta, gwamnatocin duniya sun zama tilas su shiga tsakani, wanda hakan ya haifar da tilasta (ko kuma ba da shawarar ƙararrawa), ƙauracewar zamantakewar jama'a, ƙuntataccen motsi da sauran ƙuntatawa kan abin da masana'antar ke iya kuma ya kamata yi.
Shugabannin siyasa tare da masu gudanarwar gwamnati da masu ruwa da tsaki na kamfanonin jiragen ruwa sun ba da ka'idoji don magancewa da magance cutar yayin da ƙarin umarnin suka fito daga ayyukan kula da lafiyar duniya (watau, WHO). Menene sakamakon? Kowane mutum ya tofa albarkacin bakinsa, yana kara rudani da rashin zurfin bayani game da hanyoyin sadarwar kimiyya masu rauni wadanda aka raba kusan shekaru hudu da Donald Trump ya mamaye Fadar White House kuma ya bata shugabancin WHO.
Lokacin da aka fara gano kwayar cutar a kan Gimbiya ta Gimbiya da kuma Gimbiya Gimbiya, rashin shirin shawo kan cutar ya haifar da cutar cikin rikice-rikicen da ba su shafi lafiya ba wanda ba a taba yin irinsa ba wanda ya zube daga wani kamfani na zirga-zirga zuwa dukkanin masana'antu.
Harin cutar kan jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa a watan Maris na 2020 ya canza masana'antar har abada, dakatar da dakatar da Princess Cruises, Disney Cruise Line, Viking, Norwegian Cruise line, Royal Caribbean, Carnival Corporation da MSC Cruises. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) sun ba da Dokar Ba Sail don aƙalla kwanaki 100 don duk jiragen ruwa masu ɗauke da fasinjoji sama da 250, suna faɗaɗa umarnin Ba Sail zuwa 31 ga Oktoba, 2020. Azamara, wani ƙaramin layin jirgin ruwa mai tsada yana da dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen har zuwa karshen 2020. Carnival ta kuma soke duk wasu jiragen daga Amurka har zuwa karshen 2020; Koyaya, Mashahurin yana shirin komawa aiki a watan Nuwamba na 2020 kuma ana ci gaba da tafiya daga / zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje.
Tasirin tattalin arziki
Masana’antar na fama da dimbin asarar kudi, abin da ke haifar da tsoro ga masu saka hannun jari. Kamfanin Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd ya ragu da kashi 82.31, na kamfanin Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings da aka raba ya ragu da kashi 85.17 da kuma Carnival Corporation & Plc da aka raba ya ragu da kashi 76.61 daga Janairu 2, 2020 zuwa Maris 23, 2020.
Mika tallafi ga layukan jirgin ruwa ya kasance mai rikici. Manyan layukan jirgin ruwa guda uku an hada su a cikin abin da ake kira “kasashen kebewa daidai,” inda ba a bukatar su biya harajin kamfanoni na kashi 21 wanda ya zama wajibi kamfanonin Amurka su biya. Idan, a matsayin misali, Carnival, babban kamfanin safarar jiragen ruwa na Amurka, ya tashi daga tashar jirgin ruwa ta waje (watau, Panama) zuwa Amurka, za su biya kusan dala miliyan 600 a harajin kamfanoni a kan rahoton dala biliyan 3 na kuɗaɗen shiga (2019) , don haka da wuya su sake ƙaura ba da daɗewa ba.
Tsoma bakin Gwamnati
A watan Satumba na 2019, Babban Bankin Tarayya ya yi allura dala biliyan 400 kuma tsakanin Maris – Yuli 2020, ya sanya ƙarin dala tiriliyan 7.4 cikin kasuwar yarjejeniyar sake siyarwa. A halin yanzu akwai sabbin jirage 122 masu zuwa teku a kan tsari har zuwa 2027, tare da jimillar darajar dala biliyan $ 68.4 da ke sanya alamar tambaya a kan gaskiyar jirgin Ines mai matukar rauni.
Menene abin yi? Shawarwarin ICV
An fara daga 2006, theungiyar Internationalan Tattalin Arziki na Kasa da Kasa (ICV), watchan kare-karen kere-kere masu ba da agaji waɗanda ke wakiltar waɗanda bala'in ya faru a teku, gami da laifuka (watau cin zarafin jima'i), rashin isassun sabis na likitanci, haɗarin haɗari, ɓacewar ɓoye, wuta , kifewar jiragen ruwa, da yaduwar cututtuka masu saurin kisa, sun sanya ido tare da bayar da shawarwari game da lafiyar jirgin ruwan, tsaro da rikon amana.
ICV ta gabatar da matakai wadanda za su kawo kalubalen da ke fuskantar masana'antar cikin hankali tare da neman a gabatar da cikakken shirin yadda za a fito daga dab da lalacewa ga hukumomin gwamnati da jama'a kafin a ba su izinin tafiya.
ICV tana kira ga:
1. Bincike a cikin tarihin layukan jirgin ruwa mai dauke da cutar COVID-19 a kan jiragen ruwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan abin da suka sani, lokacin da suka san shi, da kuma matakan da aka ɗauka don magance rikice-rikicen
2. Gane mutanen da ke da alhakin “yanke shawarar ɓoye bayanai daga fasinjoji da sauran jama’a”
3. Daukar cikakken alhaki, kuma za ayi maka hisabi, kan cuta da mutuwar fasinjoji
4. A shirye-shiryen sake shiga kasuwa, layukan jiragen ruwa dole ne, “ƙirƙirar cikakkun bayanai, manufofin da suka shafi kimiyya don magance ɓarkewar COVID-19, tare da tabbatar da fasinjojin cewa suna bin sharuɗɗan kiwon lafiyar jama’a da aka bayar a kowane yanki da suke aiki. , gami da, amma ba'a iyakance shi ba:
• Fara tafiya, jirgi, balaguron balaguro da kuma manufofin sauka
• Gwajin lafiyar dole kafin da lokacin shiga jirgi
• Wuraren keɓewa da aka keɓe wa fasinjoji da ma'aikata a yankuna daban
• Limiteduntataccen balaguron yawon shakatawa don kare lafiyar al'ummomin tashar jirgin ruwa
• Matakai don tabbatar da nisantar jiki
• Rage ƙarfin baƙo don kada ya wuce sama da kashi 40 cikin ɗari na ƙarfin duka har sai an sami rigakafin COVID-19
• Bude yankin cin abinci a iska da kuma kawar da duk wasu hanyoyin zabin kai
• Matakai don tabbatar da kula da kamuwa da cuta da ingantattun matakan tsabtace muhalli, yana ba da ƙarin lokaci tsakanin juyawar jirgi
• Gwajin sakamako mai sauri akan jirgin
• Shigar da matatun H13 HEPA
Mai zaman kansa a COVID-19 Compliance Officer (C19CO) wanda ke da alhakin kafa da aiwatar da ladabi na aminci, ma'aikatan horo, sa ido da kuma bayar da rahoto rashin bin ka'idoji
• Ingantattun wuraren kiwon lafiya da kayan aiki
• levelsara matakan tabbatar da ma'aikata da horo
Jamie Barnett, shugaban ICV din ya ce, “Ba da damar layukan jirgin ruwa su ci gaba ba tare da haduwa da wannan ma'aunin ba zai sanya hannu kan takardar izinin mutuwa ba ga fasinjoji da matukan jirgin da yawa ba, amma dubban mutane da aka tilasta yin mu'amala da su da zarar sun dawo. Maimakon damuwa da mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin kulawarsu yayin jirgin, masana'antar jigilar jiragen ruwa ta damu game da masu hannun jari. Kuma maimakon su yi koyi da gyara kuskurensu, su ci gaba da maimaita su har sai an dakatar da su da ƙarfi. ”
A bayyane yake cewa layukan jirgin ruwa suna ciyar da ƙarin lokaci, kuɗi da ƙoƙari kan alaƙar jama'a, tallace-tallace da haɓakawa sannan kan lafiyar fasinjoji. A cewar Barnett, "Duk lokacin da aka sake samun barkewar wani abu ko wani lamari na aminci, ana tunatar da mu cewa ayyukan layin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa sun fi alakar jama'a ne fiye da lafiyar jama'a." Kungiyar na neman ayyukan da za su nuna wadanda za su nuna jajircewar su wajen kare lafiyar fasinjoji, “Yanzu lokaci ya yi da wannan masana’antar za ta dauki hutu da ake matukar bukata don sake bayar da fifiko kan manufofin kafuwar ta da abubuwan da ta sa gaba. Ba a daɗe ba. ”
Masana'antar jirgin ruwa ta karɓa hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya da ba a taɓa gani ba wannan shekara; kadan ya kasance mai kyau. Saboda jiragen suna aiki a cikin ruwa mara kyau wanda gwamnatoci ke ba da izini mara kyau kuma (a lokuta da yawa) ayyukan rashin aminci, COVID-19 ya bayyana manyan rauni a masana'antar da tsarin da ke ɓoye da / ko yin watsi da nauyin doka, zamantakewa da ɗabi'a kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya zubar da lissafin mutum da laifi.
Barnett ya gano cewa, "Suna da amincin masana'antar jirgin ruwa," ana turawa don ɗaukar alhakin ayyukanta da rashin aiki. “Fa'idodi sune ainihin wanzuwar wannan masana'antar wanda, bayan duk, ba larura bane amma mahimmaci ne. Rashin kulawa da aminci da lafiyar ma'aikata da fasinjoji zai kawo ƙarshen lalata masana'antar. Mutane za su sami wasu hanyoyi don hutu. Sauran wuraren da suka amince da su. Sauran wuraren da za su nuna hakan idan suka ce aminci shi ne abin da ke gabansu. ”
Don ƙarin bayani: https://www.internationalcruisevictims.org
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