COVID-19 Coronavirus: Kiran Farkawar Yanayi ga 'Yan Adam?

A yau, ɗan adam ya ba da damar ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya don kawar da cututtuka, ya taimaka ƙara ƙarfin rai, rage yunwa da matsanancin talauci, sauya fasalin sufuri da sadarwa, bincika sauran duniyoyin duniya, kuma ya sanya wannan ƙarni ya zama mafi nasara a tarihi. Amma da wane tsada ga yanayi da mahalli? Shin yanayi ya isa irin barnar da dan adam ke yiwa wannan duniyar tamu? Shin Covid-19 wayewar kai ne ga 'yan Adam?

Rikicin

Bala'in da ke faruwa da sauri a gaban idanunmu ya zama wani abu ne daga fim ɗin almara na kimiyya, kusan kawowa duniya duka a hankali har ƙasa. Rushewar tana shafar kowane fanni na rayuwarmu - na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da na kuɗi, kuma yana wargaza maƙasudin rayuwar kanta, yana ɓatar da hanyarsa a duk duniya. Babu wanda ze zama mai tsira - mawadaci da talaka, mai ci gaba da rashin ci gaba.

Gwamnatoci a duk duniya suna gwagwarmaya a ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin kuma suna jefa duk “manyan bindigogi” na ƙarfin fasaha don “yaƙar” wannan ƙaramar maƙiyin.

Haka ne, ƙarshe za mu ci nasara. Fasaharmu "ta kwarai" za ta sami rigakafin da za ta "kawar da" kwayar kuma ta daidaita cutar, ta bar babbar hargitsi a kowane bangare na rayuwarmu ta zamantakewar al'umma. Kwayar cutar da kanta za ta “fita daga tururi,” ta buge kuma ta yi rauni, kuma za ta sake komawa cikin wani kwana, ta rikide, ta sake dawowa watakila ta sake addabar mu.

Har sai dukkanmu mun saurari wannan kiran da muke yi wa gaskiyar abin da fasaharmu, ci gabanmu, da salon rayuwarmu suka yi wa duniyar da muke ciki.

Ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, mun ga ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya a wani sikelin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Mun aika da bincike zuwa wurare masu nisa na sararin samaniya, dabbobi masu kyan gani, halittar amfrayo na wucin gadi da kuma mutum-mutumi masu rayuwa irin wanda ke amsawa da motsin rai, gina gabobin jikin bionic masu cikakken aiki, tsarin sufuri da kawo sauyi, yunkurin canza yanayin yanayi, da sauransu, da sauransu. jerin suna kan.

Kuma haka ne, duk wannan ya haifar da ci gaba mai matukar alfanu a fannin kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da sufuri wanda ya sanya ƙimar rayuwa ta zama mafi kyau a gare mu duka. Babu wata tambaya game da hakan.

Gaba ɗaya, ci gaba ya kawo wadata da ba a taɓa gani ba, amma a lokaci guda, yana kuma sauƙaƙa cutar da cuta. Amma tsakanin nau'ikan sakamakon guda biyu - samu a cikin walwala da nasara a cikin nasara - wadanda suka amfana sun ci nasara.

Sakamakon haka, yanzu ɗan adam yana da iko akan komai… ko kuma aƙalla yana zaton yana da shi. Wataƙila mun kai ga batun lokacin da muka yi tunanin kanmu a matsayin wanda ba a iya cin nasara, kuma watakila za mu iya wasa da Allah yanzu.

Amma a wace farashi? Farfesan Oxford Nick Bostrom, Daraktan Makarantar Makarantar Dan-Adam a cikin wata sabuwar takardar aiki, “Hasashen Duniya mai rauni, ”Yana jayayya cewa wasu ci gaban fasaha sun zama masu sauƙi da sauƙi don a rungume su da zasu iya zama masu lalata kuma, saboda haka, yana da matukar wahala sarrafawa.

Idan muka kirkiri wata sabuwar fasaha, galibi muna yin hakan ne cikin rashin sanin illolin ta. Mun fara tantance ko yana aiki, kuma mun koya daga baya, wani lokacin ma daga baya, menene sauran tasirinsa. CFCs, alal misali, sanya firiji ya zama mai rahusa, wanda shine babban labari ga masu amfani - har sai da muka ji wannan kiran farkawa kuma mun fahimci CFCs suna lalata labulen ozone kuma al'ummar duniya sun haɗu don hana amfani da CFC.

Lalacewar yanayi

Tasirin halin ɗan adam wanda saurin ci gabanmu ya haifar a kan mahalli ya haɗa da canje-canje zuwa muhallin rayuwa da kuma yan adam, bambancin rayuwa, Da kuma albarkatu na halitta.

• warming duniya - By 2050, an yi hasashen matakan teku ya tashi tsakanin ƙafa daya zuwa 2.3kamar yadda glaciers ke narkewa (manyan yankuna na Indiya, Bangladesh, Thailand, Netherlands, Maldives, da sauransu zasu ambaliya, wanda zai shafi mutane miliyan 200 ko fiye)
• lalata muhalli, gami da de-daji - Tsakanin 1990 da 2016, dajin duniya mai fadin murabba'in mil 502,000 (kilomita murabba'in miliyan 1.3), a cewar Bankin Duniya - yankin da ya fi Afirka ta Kudu girma. (Tun lokacin da mutane suka fara sare dazuzzuka, kashi 46 na bishiyoyi an sare su, a cewar wani bincike na shekarar 2015 a cikin mujallar "Nature.")
• ƙarancin taro da asarar rayuwa - Masana kimiyya sunyi kiyasin kimanin nau'in 55,000 zuwa 73,000 ke bacewa duk shekara (wanda yake kusan nau'ikan 150-200 na tsirrai, kwari, tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna bacewa duk bayan awa 24. Wannan ya ninka kusan sau dubu sau dubu "na dabi'a" ko "asalin" kuma ya fi duk abinda duniya ta fuskanta tun bayan bacewar dinosaur din kusan shekaru miliyan 1,000 da suka gabata.)
• yawan cinyewa - Mutane sun samo asali Tan biliyan 41 na shara mara kyau a cikin 2017 - (daidai yake da manyan masu jigilar kaya kusan dubu hamsin)
• gurbatawa - Kirkin shekara-shekara da ake kerawa a duniya na shekara ta 2017 ya kai tan miliyan 348 (yayi daidai da 600,000 Airbus 380s)
• Amfani - Zuwa 2030, ana sa ran kayan masarufin za su isa ga mutane biliyan 5. (A shekarar 2019, yawan masu amfani da wayoyin hannu ya kai biliyan 4.68)

Kuma jerin suna ci gaba.

Menene yanayi ke yi game da wannan duka?

Wannan faduwar daga babban ci gaban da ba a kula da shi da ci gaban kimiyya ya haifar da barna a wannan duniyar tamu.

Amma a, yanayi yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Zai iya ɗaukar babban adadin zagi.

Babban jami'in Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kula da muhalli, Inger Andersen, ya ce: “Akwai matsin lamba da yawa a lokaci guda kan tsarinmu na halitta kuma wani abu dole ne ya bayar. Muna da alaƙa da dabi'a, ko muna so ko ba mu so. Idan ba mu kula da yanayi ba, ba za mu iya kula da kanmu ba. Kuma yayin da muke yin sauri zuwa ga yawan mutane biliyan 10 a wannan duniyar, muna bukatar mu shiga wannan makomar tare da dabi'a a matsayin babbar aminiyarmu. "

Don haka, menene alama ke faruwa? Shin yanayi yana farkawa daga barcin da take yi?

Barkewar cututtukan cututtukan ɗan adam suna ta ƙaruwa, kuma a cikin recentan shekarun nan, cutar Ebola, da cutar murar tsuntsaye, da Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya (MERS), da zazzabin Rift Valley, da cututtukan numfashi mai saurin gaggawa (SARS), cutar West Nile, da cutar ZIKA.

Kuma yanzu COVID-19 yana kawo duniya gaba ɗaya, gami da duk “masu iko” don durƙusawa. Ba mu taɓa fuskantar irin wannan bala'in a duk duniya ba. Masana'antu sun rufe, kasuwannin hadahadar hannayen jari sun karye, tsarin tsarin na durkushewa, kuma akwai "narkewar tattalin arziki" da zamantakewar al'umma a duk fadin duniya. Babu wata ƙasa da aka keɓe - arewa da kudu, sun ci gaba kuma suna haɓaka, masu arziki da talakawa.

Kuma kusan bamu da komai.

Menene 'tasirin' yanayin?

Tare da duk duniya kusan “rufewa” a cikin fewan makonnin da suka gabata a matakai daban-daban, akwai wasu canje-canje na ƙwarai da ke faruwa a duniyar tamu idan muka saurari kiran farkawa.

Raguwa a cikin Co2 watsi

China ta fitar da kusan tan miliyan 800 na CO2 (MtCO2) a cikin Janairu / Fabrairu 2019. Tare da kwayar cutar ta rufe cibiyoyin wutar lantarki, masana'antu, da sufuri, an bayar da rahoton fitar da hayaki mai gurbata kasa zuwa tan miliyan 600 a daidai wannan lokacin, wanda ke nufin cewa kwayar cutar zai iya yanke hayakin duniya da kusan kashi 25% zuwa yau. (Dangane da mummunan lissafin da masanin kimiyya na Jami'ar Stanford Marshall Burke ya yi, raguwar gurɓatacciyar iskar na iya taimaka ceton rayukan mutane 77,000 a China ƙasa da shekaru 5 zuwa 70.

A Italiya, tun lokacin da ƙasar ta shiga cikin kulle-kulle a ranar 9 ga Maris, matakan NO2 a cikin Milan da sauran sassan arewacin Italiya sun faɗi da kusan kashi 40%.

Inganta Ingancin Sama

Lissafin ingancin iska ko sikelin (AQI) a manyan birane da yawa musamman a Asiya (gami da Colombo) ya kasance mara kyau sosai a ƙarshen. Sakamakon barkewar kwayar cutar, ana ganin wadannan matakan sun ragu sosai. Gurbatar iska a cikin Hong Kong ana daukar sa a matsayin babbar matsala. Ganuwa bai wuce kilomita 8 ba don kashi 30 cikin XNUMX na shekara kuma an sanya ingancin iska a matsayin "mara lafiya." Al'amuran asma da na cututtukan burchika sun yi tashin gwauron zabi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda ƙarancin iska.

Koyaya, bayan kwayar ta haifar da rufewa, gurbatar iska ta nuna raguwa matuka.

Karancin gurbata yanayi

Iyakance ayyukan ɗan adam saboda ƙulluwar ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙasashe da yawa ya kuma rage almubazzaranci sakamakon haka matakan ƙazanta. Venice, "Birnin Canals," wani yanki ne da yawon bude ido sosai, wanda ya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwansa ta hanyar yawan kwalekwale, yana mai da ruwan yayi daci da datti. Yau ba tare da zirga-zirgar yawon bude ido ba, hanyoyin hanyoyin Venice suna kara fitowa fili.

Shin wannan "Wake-up call?"

Shin farkawar yanayi shine yake zama bacci mai nauyi da cewa, “Ya isa haka?” Shin tana nuna mana cewa zata iya sakin dakaru masu karfi don lallashi dan adam da kuma warkar da kanta?

Ni ba masanin kimiyyar kare muhalli ba ne Ina so in yi tunani ni masanin kimiyyar kare muhalli ne. A bayyane yake cewa waɗannan ƙananan matakan rashin aikin ɗan adam ba za a iya ɗorewa ba na dogon lokaci. Ayyukan masana'antu da tattalin arziki ya ci gaba kuma ci gaba da sauri-wuri. Dole duniya ta ci gaba da ayyukanta kuma ci gaba ya sake farawa. Kuma babu makawa, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska, da hayaƙi, da ɓarnar ma zasu fara ƙaruwa.

Abu mai mahimmanci anan shine a zauna a yi hisabi. Na kasance ina bada shawarwarin cigaba da ayyukan ci gaba (SCP) a cikin masana'antar yawon buda ido wanda nayi aiki kusan shekaru 30 (wani lokacin kuma ga kunnuwan kunnuwa).

Dukan abin da ake nufi shi ne cewa duniya ta manta da mahimman ƙa'idodin ci gaba. Dorewa shine Daidaituwar tsakanin ci gaba, muhalli, da al'ummar da muke zaune a ciki. Bai taɓa inganta mai da hankali kawai ga mahalli da hana ci gaba ba. Hakanan ba ya tallafar ci gaba ta kowane hali, yana yin watsi da al'ummomi da muhalli - wanda abin bakin cikin shi ne duniya da Sri Lanka da alama suna da niyyar aikatawa.

Don haka wataƙila wannan rikicin yana nuna mana yadda ya kamata mu gyara kanmu ne. Muna buƙatar canza salon rayuwarmu da rage yawan kwadagonmu mu koma ga ginshiƙai. Duniya ta nuna mana misalai na sama wadanda suka bada lokaci da kulawa zai iya warkar da kanta.

Rikicin COVID-19 na iya ba da dama ga canji, amma Farfesa Andrew Cunningham na Zoological Society of London, ya ce: “Ina tsammanin abubuwa za su canza bayan SARS, wanda ya kasance babban farkawa daga bacci - babban tasirin tattalin arziƙin da duk wata cuta data kunno kai har zuwa wannan ranar. Kowa ya kasance cikin shiri game da shi. Amma ya tafi saboda matakan sarrafa mu. Sannan an yi babban huci, kuma an dawo da harkokin kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba. Ba za mu iya komawa kasuwanci kamar yadda muka saba ba. "

Peter Gleick, masanin kimiyyar yanayi kuma wanda ya kirkiro Cibiyar Pacific a Berkeley, Kalifoniya, ya yi kashedi, "Game da fa'idodin muhalli da muke gani daga tafiyar hawainiyar rayuwar yau da kullum da ayyukan tattalin arziki, ta fuskar inganta yanayin iska da sauran kadan fa'idodi, alama ce mai kyau cewa tsarin muhalli yana da ɗan juriya…

"Amma zai yi kyau idan muka inganta yanayinmu ba tare da mun gurgunta tattalin arzikinmu ba."

Tambayar miliyan-dala shin mun shirya canzawa?

Ina fata da addu'a cewa halin uwa yana mana gargaɗi ne kawai kuma ba mu fusata ta ba har abada.

“Ni yanayi ne, zan ci gaba. Na shirya don canzawa Kuna? " - daga Yanayin Magana