Farashin tsufa yana haɓaka kamfanonin jiragen sama

Farar fatara, gyare-gyare, rage albashi da sauye-sauye na canje-canje a cikin jiragen sama da jadawalin ya kamata su rage farashi a tsofaffin kamfanonin jiragen sama don su sami damar daidaita farashin farashi mai arha da masu ɗaukar kaya masu rahusa ke bayarwa.

Ba haka ta kasance ba. "Rashin farashi" tsakanin abin da ake kira kamfanonin jiragen sama na gado wanda ya kasance shekaru da yawa da kuma ƙananan masu jigilar kaya ya kasance, bisa ga sabon bincike daga mai ba da shawara Oliver Wyman. A cikin dogon lokaci, wannan zai iya sa ya yi wahala ga tsofaffin kamfanonin jiragen sama su daidaita farashin farashi mai rahusa.

“Na yi tsammanin wani abu dabam. Ina tsammanin raguwar gibin," in ji Andrew Watterson, abokin tarayya a Oliver Wyman, sashin Marsh & McLennan Cos.

Maimakon haka, masu rahusa masu rahusa sun sami damar rage farashin su har ma yayin da abokan hamayyarsu suka yi kokarin cimmawa. Sun ci gaba da samun fa'ida a kan manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama a cikin haɓaka, yana ba su damar tashi kujeru a farashi mai rahusa fiye da abokan hamayya. Hakanan suna da fa'idar tsadar aiki: Duk da cewa an rage adadin albashi, tsofaffin kamfanonin jiragen sama suna da kashi mafi girma na ma'aikata a babban matsayi.

"Yawancin tsadar tsohon kamfanin jirgin sama ne," in ji Douglas Parker, shugaban zartarwa na US Airways Group Inc., wanda kamfaninsa hade ne na wani jirgin sama na gado, US Airways, da farawa, America West Airlines. A "gefen gabas" na kamfanin - na asali US Airways - kowane matukin jirgi yana saman ma'aunin biyan kuɗi.

"Ba haka lamarin yake ba a JetBlue ko AirTran ko Kudu maso Yamma," in ji Mista Parker. "Ko da ma'auni ɗaya ne, farashin kokfit ya bambanta."

Ga masu siye, rage tsadar tsadar kayayyaki a kamfanonin jiragen sama ya haifar da tsawan lokaci mai ƙarancin farashi. Ta hanyar rage farashi da haɓaka aiki, kamfanonin jiragen sama sun sanya kansu don ingantacciyar yanayin koma bayan tattalin arziki. Tun bayan da bukatar hakan ta ragu, sun yi tayin rangwamen farashi sosai amma duk da haka ba su garzaya kotunan fatarar kudi don samun kariya ba, kamar yadda yawancin kamfanonin jiragen sama suka yi a baya. Sanya kan kudade don komai daga duba jakunkuna zuwa fansar tikitin jigilar kaya akai-akai ya taimaka, shima.

Hakan na iya canzawa saboda tazarar tsadar kayayyaki, wanda zai iya kawo karshen raba kamfanonin jiragen sama da za su iya rayuwa ta hanyar ba da tikiti masu arha daga wadanda za su kare. A cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, ƙaƙƙarfan tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci da buƙatar tikiti masu ƙima akan hanyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa sun ba kamfanonin jiragen sama masu tsada isassun kudaden shiga don shawo kan gibin farashi. Amma koma bayan tattalin arziki ya haifar da tafiye-tafiyen kasuwanci mai tsada, wanda ya bar kamfanonin jiragen sama masu tsada don yin gogayya kai tsaye da masu rangwame ga fasinjoji masu arha.

Ka yi la'akari da Kanada, inda Air Canada mai ci ya sake fasalin fatara a cikin 2004, amma ba zai iya rage farashinsa ba kamar na WestJet Airlines Ltd., abokin hamayyarsa mai rahusa. Yanzu Air Canada yana kokawa; An dakatar da layin bashi na dala miliyan 400 a faɗuwar da ta gabata. Babban jami'in gudanarwa Montie Brewer ya yi murabus a makon da ya gabata, kuma manyan basussuka da na fansho na zuwa nan gaba a wannan shekarar.

Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna auna farashin naúrar da kudaden shiga ta hanyar watsa shi sama da mil ɗin wurin zama - kowace kujera tana tafiyar mil ɗaya. A cikin rubu'i na uku na bara, lokacin da farashin man fetur ke ci gaba da yin tsada, kudaden shigar da kamfanonin AMR Corp.'s American, Delta Air Lines Inc., Continental Airlines Inc., Northwest Airlines Corp., UAL Corp.'s United da US Airways suka samu. 12.46 cents a kowace mil wurin zama, bisa ga binciken Oliver Wyman, yayin da farashin ya kasance cents 14.68 a kowace mil wurin zama akan matsakaita. A kowane nisan wurin zama, waɗannan kamfanonin jiragen sama suna asara kuɗi.

Matsakaicin na Frontier Airlines Holdings Inc., AirTran Holdings Inc., JetBlue Airways Corp. da Southwest Airlines Co. sun nuna yadda kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa suka samu kyawu. Matsakaicin kudaden shiga a kowane mil wurin zama ya kasance cents 10.92, sama da matsakaicin farashi na cents 10.87 a kowace mil wurin zama. Matsakaicin farashin kamfanonin jiragen sama na bara sun fi 35% sama da matsakaicin farashin naúrar dillalai masu rahusa.

A cikin 2003, yayin da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke fara gyare-gyare masu yawa, Oliver Wyman ya gano kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa suna da fa'idar "tazarar tsada" akan kamfanonin jiragen sama na 2.7 cent a kowace mil wurin zama. A bara, tazarar ta kasance cents 3.8 a kowace mil wurin zama. A cikin sharuddan kashi, tazarar ya kasance kusan iri ɗaya a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata - farashin jirgin sama na gado ya kasance, a matsakaita, 23% zuwa 27% sama da kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa a kowane mil wurin zama.

Ko da fitar da mai daga kwatancen da kuma lalata fa'idar Kudu maso Yamma saboda shingen mai - wanda aka saya lokacin da farashin mai yayi ƙasa wanda ya ceci kamfanin biliyoyin daloli - ba ya canza gaskiyar tazarar farashi. Wasu daga cikin gibin farashi ba zai yuwu ba. Manyan ayyuka na kasa da kasa suna kawo farashi mai yawa (amma kuma mafi girman kudaden shiga). Ayyukan manyan cibiyoyi suna da ƙwazo da kayan aiki kuma ba su yi kusan inganci ba saboda jiragen sama da ma'aikata suna zaune tsawon lokaci kuma ƙofofin na iya zama fanko. Kamfanonin jiragen sama masu rahusa yawanci suna guje wa haɗa ɓangarorin abokan ciniki ta manyan tashoshi kuma galibi fanko da cika jiragen sama a ƙasa da sauri.

Abinda ake biyan kamfanonin jiragen sama masu tsada ya kamata ya zama mafi yawan kudaden shiga. Yawancin jiragen sama na kasa da kasa suna jan hankalin manyan daloli na kamfanoni, alal misali, kuma manyan hanyoyin sadarwa suna haifar da ƙarin dama don haɗa ƙarin fasinjoji. Hakan ya yi aiki da kyau ga kamfanonin jiragen sama lokacin da tattalin arziƙin ya yi ƙarfi kuma matafiya na kasuwanci suna biyan manyan dala don tikiti. David Barger, babban jami’in kamfanin JetBlue Airways, ya ce hauhawar farashin mai a bara ya mamaye kamfanonin jiragen sama, kuma ya sanya duk masu dakon kaya masu tsada. "Lokacin da man fetur ya haura, mun yi asarar fa'idarmu da yawa," in ji shi. "Yayin da ya sauko, mutanen da ba su da tsada sun sake samun damar mu."

Makullin don kiyaye ƙananan farashi, in ji shi, shine girma - wani yanki inda masu rahusa masu rahusa ke da ƙima. Kamfanonin da ke girma suna ƙara sabbin jiragen sama waɗanda har yanzu ba su da ɗimbin farashin kulawa ko abubuwan dogaro. Haɓaka kamfanonin jiragen sama suna hayar ma'aikata a ƙasan ma'aunin albashi. Sabanin haka, kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke raguwa suna da wahalar rage farashin naúra. Za su iya saukar da jiragen sama amma har yanzu dole su ci gaba da biyan su. Wataƙila suna biyan haya a kan ƙofofin filin jirgin sama da wuraren da ba sa amfani da su. Ana iya bazuwa kuɗin gudanarwa akan fasinja kaɗan, yana haɓaka farashin kamfani kowane fasinja.

Kamfanoni masu rahusa sun kasance suna ɗaukar kaso mafi girma na tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama a hankali, suna ɗauke da kashi 26% na fasinjojin cikin gida a cikin 2003 da kashi 31% zuwa 2007, a cewar rahoton Raymond James & Associates Inc.. Kamfanonin jiragen sama na Legacy sun ragu daga kashi 56% na fasinjoji a 2003 zuwa kashi 48 cikin 2007.