yawon bude ido dalibi-matattu: Shin ma'aikacin yawon shakatawa yana da alhaki?

A cikin wannan labarin na makonni, mun tattauna batun Chung v. StudentCity.com, Inc., 2017 US App. LEXIS 6460 (1st Cir. 2017) wanda ma'aikacin yawon shakatawa ya nemi ɗalibin makarantar sakandare don yin rajista don kunshin hutun kammala karatun zuwa Cancun tare da ƙarin balaguron snorkeling. "Tafiyar ta shakku ta yi mummunar ƙarewa: Tauraruwar Teku ta bugi wani murjani reef kuma ta fara ɗaukar ruwa, duk da haka ma'aikatan ba su ba da taimako ga fasinjojin ba (hakika, wasu ma'aikatan jirgin sun bar jirgin). Aiki da kansu, Lisa da Loren sun ba da gudummawar masu ceton rai kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin isa ga aminci ta hanyar kama igiya da ke tsakanin Teku da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa mai zaman kansa. Ƙoƙarinsu ya ci tura, aka ja su ƙarƙashin ruwa. Loren ya samu munanan raunuka, amma ya tsira; An bayyana Lisa cewa kwakwalwar ta mutu a asibiti kuma ta mutu (ba da jimawa ba) ". Dubi tattaunawarmu game da haɗarin shirye-shiryen balaguron ɗalibi a cikin Dokar Tafiya a Sashe na 5.04[4] [I] da Dickerson & Roman, Ba da Shirye-shiryen Balaguro na ɗalibi: Kasuwancin Haɗari, Jaridar Dokar New York, Fabrairu 19, 2016, p. 4.

Sabunta Manufofin Ta'addanci

Manchester, Ingila

A Callimachi & Schmitt, Manchester Bomber ya gana da Sashen ISIS a Libya, Jami'ai sun ce, nytomes.com (6/3/2017) an lura da cewa "Bam din da ya kashe mutane 22 a wani wasan wake-wake a Manchester, Ingila, a watan jiya ya hadu da a Libya tare da mambobin kungiyar IS da ke da alaka da harin ta'addanci na Paris a watan Nuwamba 2015, a cewar jami'an leken asiri na yanzu da masu ritaya…yiwuwar cewa 'yan kungiyar IS a Libiya ne suka jagorance shi ko kuma suka ba shi iko, sabanin Syria, ya nuna cewa ko da a matsayin sansanin kungiyar na Gabas ta Tsakiya yana raguwa, aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin ikon mallakarta na nesa yana haɓaka hanyoyin ci gaba da kai hare-hare a cikin Turai”.

London, England

A garin Callimachi * Bennhold, Hare-haren London sun zame da su Duk da tsananin Gargadi, nytimes.com (6/6/2017) an lura da cewa "An samu farfagandar daular Musulunci a cikin jakar wani maharin yayin da yake kokarin shiga jirgi. a Italiya. Wani mai ba da labari na FBI ya ce ya yi gargadi game da maharin na biyu shekaru biyu da suka wuce. Na ukun da aka kai wa harin, wanda aka ki ba shi mafaka a Biritaniya, da alama ya shigo ne daga kasar Ireland ta hanyar latsawa. Alamun gargadi game da maharan uku a cikin wata farar motar da suka far wa hanyarsu ta wata unguwa da ke birnin Landan, sun kutsa cikin fili ranar Talata, lamarin da ya kara matsa wa 'yan sanda lamba don bayyana su."

Paris, Faransa

A Breeden & Moreen, 'yan sanda Shoot Attacker Wajen Notre-Dame Cathedral a Paris, nytimes.com (6/6/2017) an lura da cewa "Dan sanda ya harbe ya raunata wani maharin dauke da guduma da wukake na dafa abinci a dandalin waje. Notre-Dame Cathedral a Paris a ranar Talata da yamma."

Manila, Philippines

A cikin Manila dan wasan gidan caca da aka gano kuma ba dan ta'adda bane, Travelwirenews.com (6/4/2017) an lura da cewa "Wanda ake zargi da kai wani mummunan hari a gidan caca da kantuna a Manila, dan kasar Philippines ne mai cin bashi mai dauke da makamai… An ga wani dan bindiga a wani mummunan harin gidan caca a Philippines a cikin faifan kyamarar tsaro yana harbin bindigar sa na M4 a iska, yana cinna wuta tare da harbin jami’an tsaro a wani matakala a wani harin da ya kashe akalla mutane 38”.

Tehran, Iran

A cikin Erdbrink, Iran ta ce an dauki mahara Teheran a cikin kasar, nytimes.com (6/8/2017) an lura da cewa "Akalla maharan biyar a cikin mummunan harin Tehran da kungiyar IS ta dauka daga cikin Iran ... wata alama ce mai karfi. ‘Yan kasar Iran ne… Kafafen yada labaran Iran sun rawaito cewa adadin fararen hula da suka rasa rayukansu ya kai 17 da jikkata 52”.

Kabul, Afganistan

A Kabul adadin wadanda suka mutu ya karu zuwa 159 yayin da ake ci gaba da kai munanan hare-hare, Travelwirenews.com (6/6/2017) an lura da cewa "'Ya'ya maza da mata na Afganistan sama da 150 ne aka kashe, sama da 300 da suka jikkata aka kai asibiti da kone-kone da kone-kone. yankewa".

Musayab, Iraq

A wani harin da 'yan ta'addar Daesh suka kai a kasar Iraki, sun kashe akalla mutane 30, a cewar Travelwirenews.com (6/9/2017) An bayyana cewa, wata mata ta tayar da bam din da ke jikinta a wata kasuwa da ke gabashin birnin Kerbala na 'yan Shi'a a ranar Juma'a, inda ta kashe akalla mutane 30. tare da raunata mutane 35, in ji majiyoyin tsaron Iraki.

Mogadishu, Somaliya

Kimanin mutane 70 ne suka mutu a harin da kungiyar al-Shabab ta kai a sansanin sojin Somaliya, Travelwirenews.com (6/8/2017) An bayyana cewa, “Masu tsattsauran ra’ayin al-Shabab dauke da muggan makamai sun kai hari a wani sansanin soji a jihar Puntland mai cin gashin kanta ta Somaliya, inda suka kashe wani kusa. Mutane 70… Jami'ai sun kira shi hari mafi muni a yankin cikin shekaru da dama".

Kenya Ta Bada Gargadin Balaguro

A kasar Kenya ta yi gargadin balaguron balaguro a Afirka ta Kudu, Travelwirenews.com (5/8/2017) an lura da cewa “Kenya ta yi gargadin balaguron balaguro kan Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta yi nuni da karuwar laifuffuka a wani mataki da ka iya haifar da wani sabon salo. Rikicin diflomasiyya watanni bayan da kasashen biyu suka warware takaddamar biza da aka dade ana yi. A cikin sanarwar tsaro da aka aike wa manyan jami'an gwamnati daga Pretoria, shugaban jami'ar harkokin wajen Kenya…ya yi gargadin karuwar laifukan fashi da makami, satar motoci, sata, sata, sace-sace, fyade da kuma sata".

Hacking Hacking

A cikin Scott & Wingfield, Hacking Attack yana da Kwararrun Tsaro da ke neman ya ƙunshi Fallout, nytimes.com (5/13/2017) an lura da cewa "Ƙoƙarin duniya ya zo ƙasa da kwana ɗaya bayan software mai lalata, wanda aka watsa ta hanyar imel kuma an sace shi daga Nationalasa. Hukumar Tsaro, ta yi niyya ga lahani a cikin tsarin kwamfuta a kusan ƙasashe 100 a ɗaya daga cikin manyan hare-haren 'ransomware' da aka yi rikodi. Maharan sun kwace kwamfutocin, inda suka boye bayanan da ke kansu sannan suka bukaci masu amfani da su biya dala 300 ko sama da haka don su bude na’urorin”.

Otal-otal Da Watsewar Bayanai

A cikin Soloway & Mohler, Binciken Rick zuwa Hotels a cikin Zamanin Ƙirar Bayanai, New York Law Journal (5/9/2017) an lura da cewa "Ba a kare masana'antar baƙi daga fallasa irin wannan cin zarafi ba kuma a zahiri da yawa daga cikin al'amuran da suka fi yaɗuwa sun haɗa da wasu manyan samfuran otal a duniya. Makonni kadan da suka gabata, Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG) ta sanar da cewa ta fuskanci keta bayanai a wurare da yawa na otal masu alamar IHG a cikin Amurka da Puerto Rico a ƙarshen 2016. Wannan ya zo ne bayan bayyanar IHG a cikin Fabrairu na wani malware daban. harin fallasa bayanan abokin ciniki a otal 12 na Amurka IHG. IHG ba ita kadai ba ce, kamar yadda Wyndham Worldwide, Hard Rock Hotels, Omni Hotels & Resorts da Hilton Hotels, da sauransu, duk an bayyana su a bainar jama'a a matsayin wadanda ke fama da hare-haren yanar gizo da kuma haifar da keta bayanan.

Hadarin Bus A Vietnam

A wani hatsarin mota da bas a tsakiyar Vietnam ya kashe mutane 12, Travelwirenews.com (5/7/2017) an lura da cewa "Wata babbar mota ta yi karo da wata motar fasinja a tsakiyar Vietnam inda ta kashe mutane 12 tare da raunata 33 ... Jaridar ta ruwaito 'yan sanda na cewa. Binciken farko ya nuna cewa motar tana gudun kilomita 105 a cikin sa'a guda kuma ta tsallaka cikin layin motar. Hadarin mota ya kashe mutane 8,685 a Vietnam a bara.

Hadarin Bus A Tanzaniya

A wani hatsarin motar bas Grisly ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar yara 'yan makaranta 32 a arewacin Tanzaniya, www.eturbonews.com (5/7/2017) an lura da cewa "Tsaron bas ya kasance matsala a Tanzaniya. Musamman a kasar da ta dogara da yawon bude ido don fitar da kasuwancin waje, aminci ya kamata ya kasance a kan gaba. Tanzaniya na cikin kasashen Afirka da ke fama da hatsari da cin hanci da rashawa inda sama da 3,000 ke mutuwa sakamakon yawaitar barace-barace a kan hanya… Yara XNUMX ne suka mutu da safiyar ranar Asabar bayan da motar bas dinsu ta fada wani kwazazzabo a yankin Arusha na arewacin Tanzaniya.

Laka Zazzagewa A Sri Lanka

A cikin Mudslides, ambaliyar ruwa ta kashe sama da 200 a Sri Lanka, Travelwirenews.com (5/31/2017) an lura cewa "Cibiyar Kula da Bala'i ta ce an tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 300. Fiye da mutane 77,000 ne suka rasa matsugunansu sannan sama da gidaje 1,500 suka ruguza tun bayan da ruwan sama ya fara mamaye yankunan kudanci da yammacin tsibirin Tekun Indiya a ranar Juma’ar da ta gabata”.

Wutar Batirin Lithium-Ion Akan JetBlue

A Zhang, gobarar da ta tashi a cikin jirgin JetBlue ta fallasa dalilin da yasa dakatar da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na Trump na iya zama mai haɗari sosai, businessinsider.com (6/1/2017) an lura cewa "A ranar Talata, JetBlue Flight 915 daga Filin jirgin saman New York (JFK) zuwa San Francisco An karkatar da shi zuwa Michigan bayan batirin lithium-ion a cikin na'urar da ke cikin jakar fasinja ta haifar da gobara… A cewar kamfanin jirgin, an yanke shawarar karkatar da shi ne bayan 'rahotannnin hayaki da ke fitowa daga jakar da ke dauke da na'urar lantarki'. Sai dai hukumomin filin jirgin sun ce an kashe gobarar da ke kan jirgin a lokacin da jirgin ya sauka”.

United Airlines: Can you Go again

A cikin mace ta tashi sama da kilomita 4,000 ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba a cikin jirgin UA, Travelwirenews.com (5/7/2017) an lura cewa "Kamfanin jirgin ya kira lamarin, wanda kawai ya zauna a cikin sirri; Wata mata mai magana da Faransa ta tashi sama da 4,800k, ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba a Amurka bayan da United Airlines ta kasa sanar da ita canjin kofa na jirginta a minti na karshe. Lucie Bahetoukilae, wacce ba ta jin Turanci, yakamata ta tafi Paris daga Newark… Gabaɗaya, ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi tafiyar sa'o'i 11".

An Kashe Masu Rundunan Airbnb

A cikin Chokshi & Benner, Airbnb Mai Runduna Mai Yiyuwa Sun Ƙi Naƙasassu, Binciken Bincike, nytimes.com (6/2/2017) an lura da cewa "Sauran masu amfani sun ba da rahoton irin wannan ra'ayi, da kuma sabon binciken Jami'ar Rutgers wanda ya dogara akan ƙarin. fiye da buƙatun masauki na Airbnb 3,800 da masu binciken suka aika-suna ba da shawarar cewa yana iya zama na kowa: Matafiya masu nakasa sun fi yiwuwa a ƙi su kuma ba za su iya samun riga-kafi ba, ko izinin wucin gadi, don yuwuwar zama, marubutan sun gano. Masu masaukin baki sun ba da izini kafin kashi 75 na matafiya waɗanda ba su ambaci nakasu ba, a cewar binciken. Wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa kashi 61 cikin 50 na wadanda suka ce suna da dwarfism, kashi 43 na masu makanta, kashi 25 cikin XNUMX na masu ciwon gurguwar kwakwalwa da kashi XNUMX na wadanda ke da raunin kashin baya”.

Otal-otal Da Celebrity Chefs

A cikin Bernstein & Garcia, Haɗin gwiwar Otal ɗin Boutique da Gidan Abinci Tare da Mashahurin Chef, Jaridar Shari'a ta New York (5/8/2017) an lura cewa "Tare da karuwar shaharar Cibiyar Abinci da kuma ƙarin fahimi abokan cinikin gidan abinci. ya haifar, masana'antar ba da baƙi sun ga canji mai ban mamaki game da mahimmancin gidajen cin abinci na sa hannu, musamman a cikin otal-otal na birane da wuraren shakatawa. Sakamakon haka, rawar mashahuran masu dafa abinci da gidajen cin abinci na sa hannu ya zama muhimmin sashi na kowane babban otal mai nasara…Ga masu otal da gidajen abinci da masu haɓakawa, akwai fa'idodi da yawa don haɗa kasuwancinsu tare da mai dafa abinci wanda zai iya taimakawa. haɓaka tushen abokin ciniki don kasuwancin su…Ko da yake irin wannan saka hannun jari na iya haifar da fa'ida mai yawa, don kare jarin su ƙwararrun masu kasuwancin za su tabbatar sun haɗa da ma'ana mai ma'ana da tilastawa ba gasa ba".

Jiragen yaki marasa matuka

A cikin drones na sirri ba sa buƙatar yin rajista tare da FAA, dokokin kotun tarayya na Amurka, Travelwirenews.com (5/20/2017) an lura cewa “Kotun daukaka kara ta tarayya ta harbo wata doka da za ta buƙaci a yi rajistar jiragen marasa kasuwanci. , hukuncin da masu suka suka ce zai sa sararin samaniya ya ragu. A ranar Juma'a, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka na gundumar Columbia ta yanke hukunci kan John Taylor, wani karamin jirgin sama mara matuki (UAS), wanda ya fara gabatar da kara a kan (FAA) a cikin 2016 ″.

Summer Na Jahannama

A cikin McGeehan, Amtrak Riders don Raba a cikin 'Rani na Jahannama' na tashar Penn, nytimes.com (5/30/2017) an lura cewa "Amtrak da abokan cinikinsa za su raba wasu daga cikin wahalhalu tare da masu zirga-zirgar New York City a cikin makonni da yawa na gyare-gyaren da ke kawo cikas a tashar Pennsylvania a wannan bazarar, bisa ga jadawali da jami'an Amtrak suka tsara. Daga cikin sauye-sauyen da Amtrak ya sanar a ranar Talata sun hada da soke jiragen kasa guda uku a kowace rana tsakanin tashar Penn da tashar Union a Washington. Bugu da kari, jiragen kasa guda hudu na yau da kullun tsakanin tashar Penn da Harrisburg, Ps., za su fara da kawo karshen tafiyarsu a Philadelphia ko Newark… hanzarta gyare-gyaren da zai cire waƙoƙin da ba a amfani da su na dogon lokaci”.

Kumfa mai guba A Indiya

A cikin 'Skarar dusar ƙanƙara': Kumfa mai guba ta haifar da tashin hankali a kan titin Bangalore, Travelwirenews.com (5/29/2017) an lura da cewa "An tilasta wa masu ababen hawa a Indiya yin tuƙi ta cikin kumfa mai ƙamshi kamar yadda jami'an yankin ke ƙoƙarin. don dakile kwararowar kumfa sinadarai da ke birgima daga tafkin Varthur na Bangalore. Lamarin wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Sandar dusar ƙanƙara" ya faru ne bayan da ruwan sama da aka yi kafin damina ya yi wa saman tafkin da ruwan najasa ya zama kumfa. Daga nan sai iska mai ƙarfi ta ɗaga kumfa mai guba a kan shingen igiyar waya a kan hanyar Varthur Kodi Junction, wurin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, a ƙarshen mako".

Hukuncin Dokar Balaguro Na Mako

Shirin Yawon Dalibai

A cikin shari'ar Chung Kotun ta lura cewa "A cikin kaka na 2007, Lisa Tam Chung (Lisa) da Loren Daly (Loren) sun kasance manyan manyan makarantu a Grand Prairie, Texas. Wakiliyar StudentCity ta tuntubi Loren don tallata hajojin kamfanin kuma ta sa ta sha'awar yin ajiyar balaguron kammala karatun. Da zarar taro mai mahimmanci na ɗalibai ya nuna sha'awar irin wannan tafiya, wakilin StudentCity ya gudanar da taron bayani. Wakilin ya tabbatar wa taron (ciki har da iyaye da yawa) cewa ma'aikatan StudentCity suna halartar duk abubuwan da suka faru kuma ba za a ba wa ɗaliban da suka shiga damar zuwa ko'ina ba tare da rakiya ba".

Kulawa Mai Alƙawari

"Ta kuma rarraba kayan talla waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin abin da ya dace: (1) StudentCity za ta samar da 'ma'aikatan rukunin yanar gizon a duk abubuwan da aka tsara-fara ƙarewa'; (2) StudentCity 'ma'aikatan duk abubuwan da aka tsara tun daga farko zuwa ƙarshe'; (3) StudentCity yana kula da 'mafi girman ma'aikata-da-dalibi kuma ma'aikatan mu na awanni 24 suna nan don ba ku kwanciyar hankali da kuke buƙata'; (4) Ma'aikatan StudentCity za su kasance 'don tabbatar da cewa kowa yana jin daɗin lokacin da ya dace'.

Albarkar Iyali

“Iyayen Loren sun sadu da wakilin StudentCity kuma suka karanta rubuce-rubucen. Lisa ta ba da wakilcin StudentCity ga iyayenta, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙwarewar Ingilishi. Tare da albarkar iyalai biyu, 'yan matan sun sayi fakitin hutu don tafiya a watan Yuni 2008 zuwa Cancun, Mexico, suna ƙara balaguron balaguro na zaɓi".

Ziyarar Snorkeling

“An yi balaguron balaguron ne a ranar 7 ga watan Yuni. Lokacin da mahalarta taron suka hau jirgin ruwa na SS Sea Star, wani catamaran mallakar Servicios Maritimos 7 Acua del Caribe SA de CV (SMA) kuma ke sarrafa shi. Wani ma'aikacin StudentCity ya jigilar Lisa da Loren zuwa Sea Star, jirgin ruwa da aka amince da ɗaukar fasinjoji tamanin da ma'aikatan jirgin uku don irin wannan fita. A ranar da ake tambaya, duk da haka, ta ɗauki aƙalla matafiya StudentCity 120 kuma ƙasa da mutane 210 gabaɗaya. Babu wani wakilin StudentCity da ke bakin aiki.

The Bincike

Kamar yadda aka lura yawon shakatawa ya ƙare a cikin bala'i lokacin da Tauraron Teku ya bugi murjani reef, ya ɗauki ruwa kuma wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin suka bar su, a ƙarshe, ga mummunan rauni na Loren da mutuwar Lisa. "Bayan binciken da aka yi, mai kula da tashar jiragen ruwa ya kammala da cewa 'karuwar fasinjoji a cikin kwale-kwalen' ya haifar da 'rashin daidaituwa' wanda mai yiwuwa ya kai ga karo da Tauraron Teku da Coral Reed. Hakazalika, gwamnatin Mexico ta danganta hatsarin da 'yawan nauyi' na catamaran' da kuma '' sakaci '' na kyaftin din ''.

Shari'ar

“An dauki matakin farar hula. Ko da yake wannan kwat ɗin ta asali tana da kamfas mai faɗi, kawai da'awar da ke har yanzu (mai yiwuwa) ita ce da'awar mutuwar Lisa ta kuskure - da'awar iyayenta… Dangane da wannan da'awar, StudentCity ta koma yin watsi da ko, a madadin, don yanke hukunci. Bayan takaitaccen bincike… Kotun gundumar ta yanke hukuncin yanke hukunci kan StudentCity…Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa matakan da StudentCity ta dauka wajen zabar mai sayar da balaguron balaguro ba su da ma'ana a cikin yanayin. Shigar da summary hukunci de novo…Ƙungiyoyin sun yarda cewa, daidai da tanadin zaɓi na doka a cikin yarjejeniyar abokin ciniki, dokar Massachusetts tana sarrafa a nan (da) [a] ƙarƙashin dokar Massachusetts, mutuwar ba daidai ba nau'in sakaci ne… kuma kamar yadda irin wannan yana buƙatar shaidar abubuwa guda huɗu: 'cewa wanda ake tuhuma yana bin mai ƙarar nauyin kulawa mai kyau, wanda wanda ake tuhuma ya karya wannan aikin, wannan lalacewa ya haifar, da kuma cewa akwai dangantaka ta yau da kullum tsakanin bakin tekun na aikin da lalacewar' ".

Batun Dalili

“A nan, babbar hujjar masu shigar da kara ita ce, kotun gundumar ta yi kuskure wajen gabatar da hukuncin da ta yanke na takaitaccen hukuncin da aka yanke game da rashin dalili – lamarin da StudentCity ba ta yi gardama ba kuma ba a iya gano shi ba… shi ko wakilansa ba ‘bangare ne na ma’aikatan jirgin na Sea Stares, kuma ba su da alhakin shiga fasinjoji, tantance inda za a ajiye fasinjoji, kewaya cikin jirgin, samar da kayan tsaro a cikin jirgin, sarrafawa ko iyakance adadin fasinjoji, ko kuma akasin haka. koyar da fasinjoji ko mahalarta StudentCity akan dokoki da ka'idoji na Sea Stares'”.

StudentCity Ya Zama Aiki

"A cikin mahallin, duk da haka, yana da ban sha'awa cewa waɗannan muhawarar sun ci gaba ba dangane da kowane batu na dalili ba amma don tallafawa ka'idar rashin aikin StudentCity… da muhawara-don amfani da sharuɗɗan StudentCity da ke da alaƙa da 'hakinsa' da ' alhakin' yana daidai da 'aiki'… An lura a cikin motsinsa… cewa ''[t] ma'aikatanmu kamar StudentCity ba su da alhakin zarge-zargen sakaci na masu samar da sabis na jam'iyyarsu… ba tare da la'akari da ci gaban ka'idar ba. Wannan faffadar bayani ba ta da wani taimako ga StudentCity, ko da yake, saboda ta yi watsi da hukuncin kotun gundumar cewa, a wannan misalin, StudentCity da son rai ta dauki nauyin kulawa. Da zarar an ɗauka, dole ne a yi wannan aikin tare da kulawar da ta dace… Mun kammala cewa StudentCity bai taɓa haifar da dalili a matsayin tushen yanke hukunci ba (da) [b] saboda ba a sanya dalilin cikin fitowar ba, muna ganin hukuncin kotun gunduma na yanke hukuncin da ta yanke. a kan wannan ƙasa ya zama 'jinin sua sponte summary hukunci'.

Kammalawa

“Hukuncin taƙaitaccen hukunci na kotun gundumar ya yi watsi da taƙaita yanayin damar da ƙungiyoyin ke da su don haɓaka gaskiyar… Don ƙara yawan kuskuren, masu gabatar da kara ba su da wata sanarwa cewa dalilin ya kasance batun da ya dace don yanke hukunci a wannan matakin na shari’ar… da'awar ita ce gazawar StudentCity don kula da balaguron shake-shake, tare da sakacin mai jirgin, ya haifar da mutuwar Lisa… Mun yi watsi da hukuncin kotun gundumar kuma mun sake tura shi”.

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, mai ritaya ne na Mataimakin Shari'a na Sashin daukaka kara, Sashe na biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 41 gami da littattafan shari'ar da yake sabuntawa duk shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Law Journal Press (2016), Litigating Torts International a Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2016) da sama da labaran doka 400 da yawa daga cikinsu ana samunsu a nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / mai karɓar haraji.shtml. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiye-tafiye da ci gaba, musamman, a cikin membobin EU na EU duba IFTTA.org

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izinin Thomas A. Dickerson ba.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.