Boeing ya rage ya kasance a cikin ruwan zafi. Bayan an gabatarwar da ba a taɓa gani ba Hukumar Kare Jirgin Sama ta Tarayyar Turai (EASA), shugaban wannan kungiyar Patrick Ky ya nuna shakku kan ka'idojin aminci na Boeing/FAA tare da yin alkawarin daukar tsauraran matakai kan kwance jirgin Boeing 737 MAX mai kisa.
FlyersRight.org an yi hira ta musamman.
Haqqoqin Flyers: Tare da MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System), da alama Boeing ya ƙara wani nau'i na kariyar ambulaf zuwa 737 MAX. Mun yi imanin cewa an aiwatar da MCAS a cikin Rockwell-Collins EDFCS-730 autopilot/s) na sarrafa jirgin sama (FCC). Gine-gine na 737 MAX FCC ya bayyana ya fi na farko da iyaka idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gine-ginen tsarin kariyar ambulaf A320neo. Musamman a cikin wuraren sakewar firikwensin, bincikar kai da nau'in software (mun yi imanin software ɗin ta samo asali ne guda ɗaya).
Bugu da ƙari, falsafar sarrafa kansa tsakanin 737 da A320neo ya bayyana ya bambanta a cikin cewa tsarin A320neo yana ƙara ba da ƙarin iko ga matukan jirgi, ta hanyar ci gaban dokar sarrafa jirgin, don amsa kuskuren tsarin da/ko gazawa. Tsarin MCAS baya bayyana yana aiki akan ƙa'ida ɗaya.
Menene, idan akwai, tasiri akan tsarin takaddun shaida na EASA na sama zai iya samu?
EASA: An ba da takardar shedar jirgin sama bisa nunin cewa ƙirarsa ta dace da duk buƙatun cancantar iska kuma duk fasalulluka suna da aminci. Bukatun mu na cancantar iska ba ƙa'ida ba ce. Dangane da fasaha da tsarin gine-ginen da ake amfani da su, jiragen sama na iya cimma manufofin aminci daban. Don haka, ba za mu kwatanta jiragen sama da juna ba, sai dai a tantance yadda suka bi ka'idodin.
Mun yi imanin cewa mafi ƙarancin jerin kayan aiki na jerin A320 ba ya ƙyale jirgin sama idan wani na'urar dumama na kwana uku na na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba su aiki. Mafi ƙarancin lissafin kayan aiki na 737 MAX yana bayyana yana ba da izinin tashi idan ko ɗaya ko duka kusurwa biyu na na'urar firikwensin kai hari ba ta aiki.
EN: Ba a san yanayin kwanciyar hankali na 737 MAX tare da nakasassu na MCAS ba. Idan EASA ta ƙayyade cewa jirgin sama na 737 MAX ba shi da kwanciyar hankali ba tare da naƙasasshen MCAS ba, wane tasiri hakan zai iya yi akan buƙatun horar da matukin jirgi? Musamman, gazawar MCAS a cikin jirgin zai iya zama yanayin gaggawa?
Menene, idan akwai, tasiri akan tsarin takaddun shaida na EASA na sama zai iya samu?
EASA: Tsawon tsayin jirgin sama yana ƙarƙashin buƙatun cancantar iska. Boeing dole ne ya nuna yarda da tsarin jirgin 737 MAX tare da waɗannan buƙatun. Sakamakon gazawar tsarin da ke da yuwuwar zaman lafiyar jirgin yana buƙatar tantance ta amfani da ingantaccen tsarin nazarin aminci wanda kuma ya dogara da buƙatun cancantar iska. Bukatun horar da matukin jirgi ba ana nufin su rama ƙira da ba za a yarda da su ba akan ƙa'idar yarda da aminci.
Mun yi imanin cewa Boeing gabaɗaya ko gaba ɗaya ya ba da takardar shaidar kansa ta jirgin sama na 737 MAX, gami da software na sarrafa jirgin sama, ƙarƙashin shirin FAA's Organization Designation Authorization (ODA).
EN: Menene matsayin EASA akan tabbatar da kai? A ci gaba, EASA za ta duba ingancin iskar jiragen Amurka da aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin tsarin ODA a matsayin daidai da jirgin da FAA ta amince da shi, ta amfani da ma'aikatanta?
EASA: Wasu bincike suna gudana akan tsarin takaddun shaida wanda FAA ke biye da shi a cikin lamarin B737 MAX. EASA ba ta son yin tsokaci game da abin da ake tsammani "tabbacin kai" ko kan matakin wakilai zuwa Boeing da FAA ta ba.
EN: Boeing da kwamitin ba da shawara na Amurka sun ɗauki matsayin cewa ana buƙatar canje-canjen software kawai. Musamman, cewa babu wani kayan aiki da ya canza, babu sake fasalin jirgin sama kuma babu sake horar da matukin jirgi akan na'urorin na'urar kwaikwayo na MAX mai cikakken motsi ya zama dole don kwance jirgin. Shin EASA ta yarda?
EASA: Ba a kammala nazarin ƙirar mu ba tukuna kuma ba mu cimma matsaya ba tukuna kan wannan batu.
FR: Mun fahimci cewa MCAS da sarrafa jirgin sama ba kawai ana amfani da su a cikin yanayin gaggawa ba amma a kai a kai don tashi jirgin da kuma rufe rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ƙira. Babu tabbas idan waɗannan tsarin ba a kashe ko kashe su ba. Yaya zai yi wahala matukan jirgi su tashi jirgin MAX da hannu ba tare da waɗannan tsarin ba?
Shin EASA za ta yi gwajin jirgin sama ta MAX ta yin amfani da matukin jirgi na gwaji tare da MCAS da naƙasasshen sarrafa jirgin, ko dogara ga gwajin Boeing da FAA?
EASA: EASA ta saita buƙatu don kimanta jirgin sama da na'urar kwaikwayo tare da wuraren gwaji 70 da za'a tantance, wanda ke rufe duka na yau da kullun da ayyuka marasa kyau. An yi gwajin na'urar kwaikwayo a watan Yuni da Yuli.
Daga cikin matakai na gaba akwai gwajin jirgin da EASA ta yi kan wani gyare-gyaren Boeing 737 MAX wanda zai dauki tsawon mako guda.
EN: A wani taron kwamitin kula da harkokin sufurin jiragen sama na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni kan jirgin 737 MAX, Captains Sullenberger, babban matukin jirgin sama kuma shugaban kungiyar 'yan kwadagon Amurka Dan Carey da Randy Babbitt, tsohon shugaban FAA kuma gogaggen matukin jirgi, duk sun shaida cewa ana bukatar karin horo na na'urar kwaikwayo. cewa FAA da kamfanonin jiragen sama sun dakatar da horar da na'urar kwaikwayo na matukin jirgi, cewa matukan jirgin da ake bukata don sanin yanayin gaggawa kusan 100 kuma umarnin jagora sau da yawa suna da matukan jirgi suna yin ayyukan da ba su dace ba.
Menene matsayin EASA akan horar da na'urar kwaikwayo na matukin jirgi don yanayin gaggawa?
EASA: Ba a kammala bitar mu game da buƙatun horar da matukin jirgi ba tukuna kuma ba mu kai ga ƙarshe ba tukuna.
EN: Ba a kididdige adadin MAX da yin amfani da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama masu tsayi a lokacin zafi, amma an bar shi ya tashi a irin wannan filin jirgin sama a Habasha ta hanyar amfani da dogon titin saukar jiragen sama cikin sauri da sauri wanda ya sa jirgin ba zai iya sarrafa hatsarin ranar 10 ga Maris da hannu ba.
Menene matsayin EASA, idan akwai, akan ƙuntatawa na jiragen sama a cikin yanayi mai zafi musamman a filayen jiragen sama masu tsayi?
EASA: Ana ci gaba da gudanar da bincike kan hatsarin kuma ba mu son yin tsokaci kan wannan. An ba da takardar shedar jiragen sama tare da ambulaf ɗin aiki kuma tare da iyakancewa kan yanayin yanayi da tsayin filin jirgin sama don tashi.
EN: Akwai 'yan na'urar kwaikwayo na MAX masu cikakken motsi, amma yawancin na'urorin kwaikwayo na yau da kullun na 737. Babu tabbas ko za a iya canza na'urorin na'urar kwaikwayo na 737 na yau da kullun don yin kwaikwayon MAX.
Shin EASA ko Mista Ky suna da ra'ayi akan wannan? Idan ba haka ba, menene EASA ke shirin yi don tabbatar da cewa duk matukin jirgi na MAX sun buƙaci da horon na'urar kwaikwayo?
EASA: Horar da ma'aikatan jirgin ba ya buƙatar zaman horo akan tsarin na'urar kwaikwayo na jirgin musamman ga samfurin jirgin sama. Ba sabon abu ba ne cewa, dangane da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin nau'ikan guda biyu, ana horar da ma'aikatan jirgin a kan na'urar kwaikwayo ta jirgin ba takamaiman samfurin ba (a wannan yanayin zai zama na'urar kwaikwayo ta jirgin B737 NG) sannan kuma an ba da horo na bambance-bambance na kwamfuta. Bugu da kari. An nuna hakan ya zama karbuwa da tasiri a lokuta da dama. A cikin yanayin B737 max, ba a kammala nazarinmu na buƙatun horar da matukin jirgi ba tukuna kuma ba mu kai ga ƙarshe ba tukuna.
Kamar dai yadda FAA ke yin la'akari da gyare-gyaren software na Boeing na 737 MAX - EU na da wasu tsare-tsare.
Hukumar Kare Jiragen Sama ta Turai (EASA) ta soki hukumar ta FAA saboda abin da ta bayyana a matsayin rashin fayyace da kuma fayyace ga barin Boeing ya tantance amincin wasu fasalolin sarrafa jirgin.
Ba Tabbatarwa Jama'a Masu Yawo ba
Yawancin Amurkawa sun amince da kamfanonin jiragen sama sun yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don ɗaukar balaguron lafiya. Amma, kadan ba su fahimci FAA wakilai na aminci ba, da kuma "tabbacin kai", wanda ya ba Boeing damar sarrafa kansa da ayyuka masu mahimmanci kamar software da ke bayan faɗuwar 737 MAX.
Kyaftin "Sully" Sullenberger kwanan nan ya shiga cikin wani
sake kwaikwaya na bala'i a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo ta 737 MAX. Sharhinsa: "Ko da sanin abin da zai faru, Ina iya ganin yadda ma'aikatan jirgin za su ƙare da lokaci da tsayi kafin su iya magance matsalolin."
Har ila yau, bin jagorancin EASA ita ce Indiya, wannan ya ce
zai kuma tabbatar Jirgin 737 MAX da kansa - ba ya bin duk wata shawarar da FAA ta yanke kan kwance jirgin ba.
A lokacin bazara, yawancin masana ba za su iya tunanin yin birgima a cikin lokacin bazara ba tare da wani ƙuduri ko fahimtar lokacin da za a gyara shi ba. Yawancin kamfanonin jiragen sama sun mayar da jadawalinsu na MAX zuwa Janairu 2020.
The Economist kiyasin cewa jirgin 737 MAX da aka dakatar yana kashe kamfanonin jiragen sama, masu samar da kayayyaki da kuma mai kera jirgin da kanta kimanin dala biliyan 4 a cikin kwata.
