Fasinjan jirgin sama ya ji rauni yayin hawa motar tashar jirgin ƙasa: Wanene abin dogaro?

A cikin labarin wannan makon mun bincika shari'ar Brannen v. British Airways PLC da Viking River Cruises, Inc., No. 1: 17-cv-00714 (MD Pa. 2017) inda Kotun ta lura cewa “Zargin Brannen ya samo asali ne daga wani abin da ya faru hakan ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015 a Filin jirgin saman Heathrow da ke Ingila. Brannen da matarsa ​​suna tafiya daga Filin jirgin saman Newark na Newark, New Jersey zuwa Marseilles, Faransa a jirgin British Airways a wani bangare na hutun jirgin ruwan Turai da aka shirya ta hanyar VRC (Viking River Cruises, Inc.) Kuma sun tsaya a Filin jirgin saman Heathrow kafin shiga jirgi hanyar haɗakar jirgin British Airways zuwa Marseilles. Yayin da Brannen ke hawa wata karamar bas don tafiya daga wannan tashar ta Heathrow zuwa wani don jigilar sa, sai ya samu rauni a danshi, wanda hakan ya haifar da kwayar cutar da cutar a kafarsa ta hagu ”. Abubuwan da duka waɗanda ake tuhumar suka yi na watsi da ƙarar an ba su.

Sabunta Manufofin Ta'addanci

Kabul, Afganistan

A cikin Mashal & Sukhanyar, 'Kisa ne': Taliban Bomb a Motar Asibiti ya kashe 95 a Kabul, a kowane lokaci (1/27/2018) an lura cewa "Bam da aka sanya a cikin motar asibiti ya tayar da babbar fashewa a kan titin Kabul mai cike da aiki Jami’an Afghanistan sun ce, a ranar Asabar din da ta gabata, mutane akalla 95 suka mutu wasu 158 kuma suka jikkata. Kungiyar Taliban ta dauki alhakin kai harin, wanda ya zo kwanaki bayan kawancen da mayakan suka yi na tsawon sa’o’i 15 a Otal din Intercontinental da ke Kabul inda mutane 22 suka mutu, ciki har da ‘yan kasashen waje 14”.

A Mashal & Abed, Hari Kusa da Kwalejin Soja ta Kabul Ya Kashe Sojojin Afghanistan 11, a kowane lokaci (1/28/2028) an lura cewa “Mayakan sun kai hari kan rundunar sojoji kusa da babbar jami’ar soja ta Afghanistan da safiyar Litinin, suka kashe a kalla sojojin Afghanistan 11 kuma suka raunata 16 wasu a cikin wani yanayi mai tsananin tashin hankali a Kabul, babban birnin kasar ”.

A cikin Fisher, Me yasa za a far wa fararen hula 'yan Afghanistan? Ingirƙirar Tukuici Sakamakon Talibanan Taliban, a kowane lokaci (1/28/2018) an lura cewa “Ba su kasance farkon harin Taliban a babban birnin ba. Har yanzu akwai wani abu mai firgitarwa a cikin sikelinsu da mahimmancinsu game da abubuwan da suka faru, kimanin mako guda tsakani, wanda ya girgiza Afghanistan: wani otal da aka kewaye shi wanda ya kashe 22, sannan wani bam na mota, da aka ɗora a cikin motar asibiti da ta kashe 103. Amma tambayar me yasa-yasa masu hangen nesa, kuma a cikin irin waɗannan lambobin - ana iya samun amsar mafi kyau ba ta hanyar leken cikin maharan ba amma ta hanyar nazarin tsarin yaƙi wanda ke ƙara jan mahalarta zuwa ga rashin hankali… Yaƙin da aka ƙera don hargitsi ”.

Bugawa Hasumiyar Eiffel?

A cikin Callimachi, Sel Bayan Bayan Harin Barcelona na iya samun Haske kan Hasumiyar Eiffel, a kowane lokaci (1/24/2018) an lura cewa “A cikin makonnin da suka gabata kafin su kai hari a cikin garin Spain na Barcelona a bazarar da ta gabata, wani sel na masu jihadi wahayi ne daga Daular Islama sun yi ta tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa Faransa, inda suka sayi kyamarar daukar hoto da faifai na Hasumiyar Eiffel. Wannan bidiyon, gami da dumbin sinadarai masu amfani da sinadarai wadanda aka yi amfani da su wajen yin abubuwan fashewa inda aka gano su daga gidan da suka yi amfani da shi, ya sa masana suka yanke hukuncin cewa 'yan ta'addar suna shirya wani abu mafi girma da bala'i. Kayan da suka bari sun ba da shawarar cewa shirin nasu ya kunshi shirya motocin daukar kaya tare da abubuwan fashewa da kai hare-hare ba wai kawai a Spain ba, inda kungiyar ta kashe mutane 16 tare da jikkata wasu 140 a watan Agusta, amma kuma watakila a Faransa… 'Idan aka yi la'akari da dimbin albarkatun da' yan ta'addan suka hada. da niyyar su ta kisa, da yawan wadanda suka mutu zai iya kaiwa daruruwa da ba da gangan sun tarwatsa masana'antar ta bam din ba ''.

Volkano A Japan Ta Fashe

A Ramzy, Rashawa da Rashawa suka kashe Soja da masu rauni na Skiers a wurin shakatawa, a kowane lokaci (1/23/2018) an lura cewa “Dutsen tsawa ya fashe a ranar Talata a Japan, ya kashe soja daya da ke horarwa a kusa kuma ya ji wa mutane sama da goma rauni, ciki har da da yawa a wuraren shakatawa, in ji jami'ai. Fashewar dutsen Kusatsu-Shirane ya haifar da dusar kankara da kuma kaddamar da tarkace wanda ya lalata gondola kuma ya bugi mutane a kan gangaren kankara people Mutane goma sun gamu da duwatsu a wurin shakatawar, inda suka jikkata mutum biyar… Dutsen tsaunin yana da nisan mil 100 arewa maso yamma na Tokyo a Gumma Prefecture ”.

Tafiya Ta Kyauta Zuwa London Kamar Stowaway

A cikin Caron, Babu Fasfo ko Ticket: Ta yaya Mace ta Guji Tsaron Filin Jirgin Sama kuma ta tashi zuwa Landan, a kowane lokaci (1/22/2018) an lura cewa “Ba tare da tikiti ko fasfo ba, Marilyn Hartman ta silale zuwa filin jirgin saman Chicago O'Hare a makon da ya gabata, ta yi ɓoye a cikin jirgin British Airways ta yi tafiya zuwa London, inda jami'an kwastomomi suka kama ta… Ta yaya ta yi hakan? Ta hanyar buya a bayyane ".

An Rushe Tikitin Ku

A Astor, Ta hau Jirgi don Ganin Mahaifiyarta. Sa'annan Aka soke Takardarta, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa “A cikin wani asibiti a Minnesota, mahaifiyar Carrol Amrich tana mutuwa. A Pueblo, Colo., Mai nisan mil dubu, Madam Amrich tana ƙoƙari sosai don zuwa can don yin ban kwana. Riƙe da tikitin kamfanin jirgin sama na United da mai gidanta ya saya mata, da alama za ta samu. Amma 'yan mintoci kafin tashin, an riga an ɗora ta a cikin mazauninta, an umurce ta da ta bar jirgin. Wakilin kofan ya gaya mata cewa an dakatar da ajiyar da ta yi. Traveller Help Desk, kamfanin yanar gizo da ya siyar da tikitin, ya soke shi saboda mai gidan ya yi sauyi kai tsaye ta hanyar United-duk da cewa United ta tabbatarwa da mai gidan cewa ba matsala bane yin hakan. Ba ta iya tashi ba, Madam Amrich ta yi tafiya cikin dare, ba ta tsayawa ko da ta yi amfani da bandaki… Tana kan tuki yayin da wayarta ta sake kara. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu ”.

Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Afghanistan, Kowa?

A cikin Mashal & Abed, Grounded and Gutted, Main Afghan Airline Gwagwarmaya Bayan harin Taliban, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2918) an lura cewa “matukan jirgin sun sauka a cikin garuruwan da‘ yan Taliban suka tsoratar, hanyoyin da ke kusa da inda roka ke isa. Jirgin saukar jirgin sa ya fadi, sojojin Amurka sun sanya shi cikin bakin kaya saboda fasa kwayar opium kuma sun ki yarda su shiga Turai saboda rashin tsaro. Jirgin daya ya fatattaki hanyar jirgin daga hannun wasu yan daba na wani dan karfi wanda ya makara zuwa jirgin, a fusace ta bar shi. Duk da haka kamfanin jirgin sama, Kam Air-wani sabon abu ne na Afghanistan ta hanyar da-ta hanyar babbar hanya ce ta tashi a Afghanistan. Yana aiki da kashi 90 na jiragen sama na cikin gida, tare da haɗa kan al'ummar da ke da girma da haɗari da ƙetare ta hanya ”.

China: Don Allah a kawo Takarda bayan gida

A cikin Peterson, Yadda ake tafiya (da kewayen) China, Daga VPNs zuwa TP, a kowane lokaci (1/30/2018) an lura cewa “China tana ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu ban sha'awa da lada a duniya don ziyarta, amma tana iya tsoratar da har gogaggen matafiya, waɗanda ke iya kokawa da sadarwa da rashin sanin ƙa'idodi da al'adu. Anan ga wasu shawarwari masu amfani da zasu taimaka don tabbatar da tafiyar ku zuwa kasar da tafi yawan mutane a duniya tana tafiya cikin sauki… (Batutuwa sun hada da Visa mafi sauki, Rashin kudi, Raba Raba, Tare da Hiccup, Masu fashin wayar, Tsayawa cikin aminci, Samun kan layi, Virtual Private Networks, Navigation , Sauran Apps). A ƙarshe, TP Kuna lura da ɗakunan bayan gida na jama'a da yawa a cikin China, amma ba koyaushe suke da takaddun banɗaki ba. Zai zama mai hikima ne ka ɗauki ƙaramin turki tare da kai. Wannan ya shafi kayan goge baki a gidajen abinci kuma ”.

Applebee's atoryarin atoryari

A cikin abokan cinikin Applebee da ke karar sarkar sata saboda 'karin kudin da aka tilasta musu', Reuters (1/27/2018) an lura cewa "Yanzu yawancin gidajen cin abinci suna bukatar mafi karancin shawarwari, amma… Alkalin Kotun Amurka Paul Oetken ya ce abokan cinikin Applebee na iya bin da'awar cewa mai gudanar da wasu 35 daga gidajen cin abinci na sarkar a cikin yankin New York City yayi musu ba daidai ba bayan sun ci abinci ta hanyar barin su nuna musu abinda suke so. Masu shigar da karar… sun koka bayan da kwamfutocin kwamfutocin da suke biyan kudinsu a wasu Applebee da ke kusa da Times Square suka umurce su da su 'shigar da wani adadi mai yawa' lokacin da suke kokarin ba da kasa da kaso 18 da digo 15, bi da bi. Sun kira wannan wani haramtaccen karin kudi ne kuma suka shigar da kara a madadin masu cin abincin Applebee a duk fadin kasar da kuma New York ”.

Tafiya Ta Babur Sidecar

A cikin Vora, Zagaye-tafiye na Babura Guda Biyar Tare da Ra'ayoyi Ba zaku taɓa hawa Bas ba, a kowane lokaci (1/23/2018) an lura cewa “Yawon buɗe ido na yawon buɗe ido a gefen babura yana ci gaba a duk duniya. Yin tafiya a cikin motoci masu taya uku tare da direba wanda ke jagorantarku na gida hanya ce ta musamman da fun ga matafiya don gano inda aka nufa. A ciki na iya zama hanyar samun hankali don bincika birni, kuma. Reme Di Nino, wanda ya kirkiro kamfanin yawon bude ido na Paris mai suna Retro Tour Paris, ya ce 'yan kallo kan saci hotunan layin gefe yayin ziyarar. Sauran masu yawon bude ido sun hada da Brightside Tours (Barcelona), AndBeyond (Cape Town), Beijing Sideways (Beijing) da Royal Mansour (Marrakesh).

$ $ 24 Miliyan Firiji?

A Stevens, Sojan Sama Na Bukatar Sababbin Firiji 2. Tare, Sun kashe $ 24 Million, a kowane lokaci (1/27/2018) an lura cewa “Masu gida, ku sami ta’aziyya: Ko da na’urar Air Force One ta lalace. Fiye da karni na kwata bayan an girka su, biyu daga cikin firiji a cikin jirgin shugaban suna buƙatar haɓaka, kuma waɗannan 'chillers' da aka kera musamman ba su da arha. Ma'aikatar Tsaron ta ce, an bai wa Kamfanin na Boeing wani kwangila ta kusan dala miliyan 24 a watan Disamba don injiniyan firinjin na Air Force One.

Giwaye Suna Tsoron Kudan zuma

A Weintraub, Giwaye Suna Tsoron Beudan zuma ƙwarai. Wannan Zai Iya Ceton Rayukansu., A kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa “Giwaye suna tsoron ƙudan zuma. Bari wannan ya nitse a cikin dakika daya. Dabba mafi girma a doron kasa tana matukar firgita da karamar kwaro har takai ga kunnuwan ta, zasu tayar da kura kuma suyi hayaniya lokacin da suka ji karar kudan zuma… Barazanar kudan zuma ta fi giwa sosai har masu kula da muhalli ke amfani da ita. taimaka wajen hana ire-iren rikice-rikicen da ke jefa kashin kaji cikin hadari. Dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari wasu lokuta manoma suna harbe-harben da ke kokarin tseratar da amfanin gonarsu daga giwayen da ke neman abincin dare da daddare, ko kuma mafarauta a ba su damar shiga don taimakawa tsare gonakin. Yanzu akwai makami-kuma mai amfanarwa daya-a cikin rumbun adana kaya… Ta hanyar hada zumar kudan zuma a duk tsawon mita 20-tare da na kudan zuma na karya - wata kungiyar masu bincike a Afirka ta nuna cewa za su iya nisantar kashi 80 na giwaye daga filayen noma.

Tafi Tare da Wynn

A cikin Goldstein, Hsu & Vogel, Stephen Wynn, Casino Mogul, Wanda ake tuhuma da Shekaru da yawa na Lalata Jima'i, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa “Rashin lafiyar Stephen Wynn a saman masana'antar gidan caca ya girgiza sosai ranar Juma'a bayan tona asirin zarge-zargen da ake yi cewa ya yi lalata da mata da ma'aikatan gidan cacarsa. Cikakken rahoton bincike a cikin The Wall Street Journal ya nuna Mista Wynn, hamshakin mai kudin gidan caca da kuma fitaccen mai bayar da tallafi na siyasa, a matsayin mutumin da ke yawan neman mata masu tausa da tsiraici, wani lokacin yana matsa musu don yin lalata da kuma lalata shi. Jaridar ta ce aikin ya ci gaba shekaru da yawa kuma wasu mata ma'aikata sun yi korafi ga masu kula game da halin Wynn ”.

Harajin Valimar wayimar Subway?

A cikin Barron, Jirgin karkashin kasa Yana Kofar Gaba. Shin yakamata mazauna New York su Biya forarin hakan, a kowane lokaci (1/29/2018) an lura cewa “A yau, tare da jirgin karkashin ƙasa a cikin mawuyacin hali kuma garin yana jin daɗin haɓakar tattalin arziki, wasu masu tsara manufofi suna ganin lokaci ya yi da jirgin ƙasa zai ci riba. daga fa'idodin kuɗi da take bayarwa, gami da babbar gudummawa ga ƙimar dukiya… Maganar cewa masu kadarori su biya ƙarin don kusancin su da jirgin karkashin kasa ana kiranta 'ƙimar kama' kuma an daɗe ana muhawara a cikin da'irar tsara birane. Yanzu Gwamna Andrew M. Cuomo, dan Democrat, ya ba da darajar kama wani muhimmin ɓangare na shirinsa don ceton tsarin jirgin ƙasa ta hanyar ba da shawara ga bai wa Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jirgin Sama ikon ƙayyade 'yankuna masu haɓaka hanyoyin wucewa da sanya haraji ”. Kasance tare damu.

Kwadin Tafiya

A cikin Kan & Ramzy, China ta rungumi wasa Game da Kwadin Fatawoyi, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa “’ Yan makonni kaɗan bayan fitowar ta, wani wasan wajan Japan da ke dauke da kwado mai tafiya ya zama abin birgewa a China. Me yasa, daidai, yana da ɗan wahalar bayani. Ana kiran wasan Tabi Kaeru ko Frog Travel. Kamfanin Hit-Point ne ya kirkireshi, kamfanin kasar Japan wanda ya fitar da shahararren wasan Neko Atsume, ko kuma Kitty Collector, a shekarar 2014. Ana buga shi kamar haka: A Kwai yana zaune a cikin bukkar dutsersa, yana ci yana karantawa, yayin da kuke karɓar tsire-tsire daga gaban yadi. Ana amfani da itacen Clo don siyan abinci, wanda kwado yake tafiya. Da zarar kwado ya tashi a kan hanya, to ba a san tsawon lokacin da zai tafi ba ... Lokacin da ya dawo, yana ba da hotunan gaggawa da abubuwan tunowarsa ”.

Catamaran Sinks Kusa da Tsibirin Kiribati

A cikin Graham, Kiribati Ferry Search ya faɗaɗa Bayan an Samu 7 da Rai, a kowane lokaci (1/29/2018) an lura cewa “Masu binciken sun bincika wani yanki na faɗaɗa tekun Pacific a kusa da tsibirin Kiribati a ranar Litinin da fatan samun ƙarin waɗanda suka tsira daga kwale-kwalen da ke nitsewa bayan da masu ceto suka gano fasinjoji bakwai da rai a cikin kwale-kwalen aluminum da ke bin sama da mako guda a cikin teku. Katamaran katako na ƙafa 56 wanda ya ɓace ranar 18 ga watan Janairu an yi amannar cewa yana ɗauke da aƙalla wasu fasinjoji 50. A ranar Juma’a, gwamnatin Kiribati ta sanar da hukumomin New Zealand da ke kusan rabin tsakanin Hawaii da Ostiraliya - cewa jirgin ya bace bayan da ya tafi abin da ya kamata ya kasance na kwana biyu, tafiyar mil 150 ”.

Ceto 'Killer Mountain' Ceto

A cikin Ahmad, An ceto Climber a kan 'Killer Mountain' na Pakistan, amma wani yana cikin haɗari, a kowane lokaci (1/28/2018) an lura cewa "Anungiyar masu hawan dutse sun ceci wani mai hawan dutse na Faransa a ranar Lahadi daga mummunan yaudarar Himalayan da ake kira ' Mountain Killer 'a arewa maso gabashin Pakistan, amma abokiyar hawan ta zuwa Poland na cikin hadari bayan kokarin da aka yi na nemansa aƙalla an watsar da shi na ɗan lokaci ”.

Rarraba Tattalin Arziki: Wasu Sakamakon Sakamakon

A cikin Bellafante, Abin da Tattalin Arziki ya Rarraba da Gaske: Hakki, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa “Ta hanyoyi da yawa masu ɗabi'ar jari-hujja waɗanda suka gina tattalin arziƙin a kan cewa suna sanya duniya ta zama mai adalci da kuma daidaitaccen wuri, yayin da suke samarwa da kansu biliyoyin daloli, kawai sun kawo ƙarin halin da ake ciki yanzu. Wani rahoto, wanda ba da daɗewa ba za a fitar daga Makarantar Tsara Birane ta Jami'ar McGill, ya nuna wanda ke da kuma wanda ba ya cin gajiyar hanyoyin shigar kuɗaɗen da kamfanin Airbnb ya samar. Binciken mai taken 'Babban tsadar kujerun haya na gajeren lokaci a cikin birnin New York', ɗayan binciken ne ɗayan da yawa waɗanda suka bincika tasirin Airbnb kan gidaje masu araha a cikin birane daban-daban tsawon shekaru. Idan aka duba kwanan wata da ya shafi lokacin daga Satumba 2014 zuwa Agusta a shekarar da ta gabata, hakan yana nuna yadda rashin daidaiton kudaden shigar da muka rarraba tsakanin masu masaukin baki a Birnin New York. A shekarar da ta gabata kashi 10 cikin 48 na masu karbar bakuncin sun samu kashi 318 na duk kudaden shiga. Wannan ya kai dala miliyan 80. Kasan kashi 32 cikin dari ya samu kaso 209 cikin dari ko kuma dala miliyan 4.7… Nazarin ya nuna a wani lokaci, duk da cewa, lokacin da wani magidanci na Chelsea ya gamu da kara da birni saboda ya canza wani hawa mai hawa hudu zuwa haramtaccen otal, ta amfani da Airbnb, da kuma ɗaukar ɗakunan gida na haya daga masu haya… Kuma a New York, yayin da muhawara game da farashin cunkoso ta tsananta, ya zama a bayyane yake cewa yawaitar aikace-aikacen ha-hailing, hakika, ya haifar da ƙari mai yawa zirga-zirga Saurin Midtown ya ragu zuwa matsakaicin mil mil 6.5 a sa'a daga mil XNUMX a cikin sa'a shekaru biyar da suka gabata ”.

Amfani da Wutar Zinare, Kowa?

A cikin Stevens, Gidan Tarihi Ya Fada Fadar White House: Babu Van Gogh, amma Ga Toilet na Zinare, a kowane lokaci (1/25/2018) an lura cewa “Jami’ai a gidan tarihin Solomon R. Guggenheim sun yi gum da bakinsu a daren Alhamis game da imel ɗin da ba a saba ba musayar da aka ce babban mai lura da ita ya ƙi amincewa da buƙatar Fadar White House don zanen Vincent van Gogh kuma ya ba da bayan gida na zinare a maimakon haka… Yana ambaton imel ɗin 15 ga Satumba wanda (The Washington Post) ya ce ya samu, jaridar ta ruwaito cewa Ms. Spector (curator) ya ki amincewa da bukatar Fadar White House don karbar bashin 'Goyon Kasa Tare da Snow' na van Gogh wanda jami'ai suka yi fatan za su iya amfani da shi wajen kawata gidan Shugaba da Melania Trump. A madadin haka, Jaridar ta ce Malama Spector ta bayar da abin da mutum zai iya kira 'sassaka hannu': cikakken aiki, kwafin zinare 18-karat-zinare na bandakin Kohler mai taken 'Amurka' wanda fiye da mutane 100,000 suka riga sun yi amfani da shi a gidan wanka na gidan kayan gargajiya. 'Tabbas yana da matukar mahimmanci kuma yana da dan sauki, amma za mu samar da dukkanin umarnin yadda za a girka da kuma kula', in ji Post din wacce ta ruwaito Misis Spector tana rubutawa a cikin sakon email zuwa ga ofishin mai lura da Fadar White House ”.

Hanyar kirkirar hanyar sadarwa ta Cities

A cikin Glusac, Tare da ko Ba tare da Ba da Tallafin Amurka, Unesco na Bikin Biranen Amurka, a kowane lokaci (1/26/2018) an lura cewa Unesco tana da rukunin yanar gizo mai suna Creative Cities Network da “A watan Nuwamba, Kansas City, San Antonio da Seattle sun shiga cikin aji na An shigar da 64 cikin shirin wanda ke kimanta masu nema a fannoni daban-daban guda bakwai, ciki har da kere-kere da fasahar gargajiya, zane, fim, gastronomy, adabi, fasahar watsa labarai da kiɗa. Hanyar sadarwar wacce a yanzu ta hada da birane 180 daga kasashe 72, na da niyyar karfafawa membobinsu gwiwa don musayar kyawawan halaye 'don bunkasa masana'antun kirkire-kirkire, karfafa shiga cikin al'adun gargajiya da shigar da al'adu cikin manufofin birane masu dorewa', a cewar wata sanarwa da ke sanar da sabbin mambobin. "

Hukuncin Dokar Balaguro Na Mako

A cikin karar Brannen Kotun ta lura cewa bayan sun isa Filin jirgin saman Heathrow “Brannen da matarsa ​​ana zargin sun sauka daga tashar 5… kuma sun ci gaba zuwa na 3 'don shiga jirgin da suka shirya zuwa Marseilles, Faransa. Daga baya, '[a] t terminal 3, wani wakilin kamfanin jirgin sama na British Airways (ya ba da shawara) cewa an soke jirgin nasu na British Airways wanda zai hada jirgin' kuma wakilin kamfanin 'maimakon haka ya shirya' (madadin jiragen na British Airways zuwa Brussels, Belgium sannan kuma zuwa Marseilles da) ya umarci Mista da Misis Brannen nan da nan da su tashi daga tashar 3 zuwa ta 4, ta amfani da tsarin tashar jigilar fasinjoji zuwa tashar jirgin saman… Lokacin da tashar tashar jirgin ta iso '[a] t tasha tashar canja wurin a tasha ta 3, motar ta tsaya yayi nisa sosai daga kan hanya 'kuma [p] fasinjoji sun fara hawa ta hanyar sauka kai tsaye daga kan hanyar zuwa bas din, wanda ke bukatar dogon mataki'. Brannen 'wani dattijo mai fama da cutar amosanin gabbai a ƙafarsa ta dama' yana amfani da sanda don taimakawa wajen tafiya kuma 'yana amfani da sandarsa lokacin da yake kokarin hawa bas ɗin' 'ya' ci gaba da ƙafarsa mai kyau, ta hagu, amma ƙafar ta zame bas din yayin da yake kokarin hawa, lamarin da ya sanya shi buga shinshin din sa a kan bus din motar… ”. Bayan an shawarce su cewa an sake sauya jirgin kuma mai gabatar da kara da matarsa ​​za a ba su jirgi washegari, sai suka koma otal din da suke zaune "Brannen 'ya gano babban rauni da hematoma a gefen hagu na hagu'". Bayan shiga cikin jirgin ruwan, mai gabatar da kara ya dawo gida da babban likitansa na asibiti "'an gano kwayar cutar da ke fama da cutar a kafarta ta hagu' '.

Korafi

“Korafin da Brannen ya gabatar guda biyu ya gabatar da kakkausar lafazin VRC da British Airways a karkashin yarjejeniyar Montreal. Tushen da'awar Brannen a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Montreal ita ce cewa VRC 'mai ɗaukar kwangila ne a ƙarƙashin Labarai na 39 da 40 na Yarjejeniyar Montreal', British Airways 'shi ne ainihin dako, kuma / ko kuma mai ɗaukar kwangila ne, a ƙarƙashin Labarai na 39 da 40 na Yarjejeniyar Montreal 'da kuma wancan hatsarin da ya yi sanadiyyar raunin Mista Brannen ya faru ne yayin gudanar da ayyukansa na sauka daga jirgin British Airways na 188… [da] ya hau kan jirgin Brussel Airlines na 2096' ”.

Motsi Don Ragewa

Dukkan jiragen biyu na British Airways da VRC sun koma yin watsi da da'awar mai gabatar da kara a karkashin yarjejeniyar Montreal saboda "raunin Brannen bai faru ba 'yayin gudanar da zirga-zirgar jirgin, sauka ko sauka a jirgin kasa da kasa'… Kotun za ta fara jawabi ko Brannen ya tsunduma ko sauka daga jirgin sama lokacin da ya ji rauni kuma, don haka, ko Brannen zai iya bayyana da'awa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Montreal ".

Yarjejeniyar Montreal

"Yarjejeniyar ta Montreal yarjejeniya ce ta kasa da kasa cewa, a tsakanin wasu, an gyara wasu sassan yarjejeniyar ta Warsaw kuma tana ba da damar sanya doka mai tsauri kan kamfanonin jiragen sama wadanda fasinjojin su ke fama da rauni dangane da tashin jiragen kasa da kasa… Mataki na 17 ya bayar da cewa mai jigilar 'zai kasance abin dogaro saboda lalacewar da aka yi a yayin da a [a] rauni na jiki da fasinja ya ji idan hatsarin da ya haifar da lalacewar haka ya faru a cikin jirgin ko kuma yayin gudanar da wani aiki na hawa ko sauka (in ji Evangelinos v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 550 F.2d 152, 154 (3d Cir. 1977)).

Binciken Kashi Uku

"A cikin Evangelinos… Unguwar ta Uku ta amince da bincike na sassa uku don yin nazari kan ko raunin fasinjan ya samu yayin hawa ko sauka daga jirgi da nufin sanya alhaki a karkashin Mataki na 17. Masu shigar da kara na Evangelinos sun ji rauni yayin wani harin ta'addanci a wani filin jirgin sama a Athens, Girka, yayin da ake kan shiga jirgi mai zuwa New York. Aiwatar da (gwaji) kashi uku… kotu ta kammala da cewa (1) la'akari da wurin da hatsarin ya faru, (2) aikin da fasinjoji suka shiga a lokacin rauni da (3) ikon wanda ake kara akan fasinjoji sun yanke hukunci a takaice game da goyon bayan kamfanin jirgin saman da bai dace ba. Kashi na Uku ya yi tunanin cewa 'a lokacin harin, masu gabatar da kara sun kammala kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake buƙata a matsayin abin da ake buƙata na shiga jirgi kuma suna tsaye a layi a ƙofar tashi suna shirye su ci gaba zuwa jirgin. Raunin da masu shigar da kara suka samu yayin da suke aiki a inda shugaban kamfanin jirgin yake kuma a yayin da suke aiwatar da aiki na karshe da ake bukata a matsayin sharadin shiga motocin bas din da [kamfanin jirgin saman] din suka dauka don daukar dangin Evangelinos zuwa jirgin. Bugu da ƙari, kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wurin da abin ya faru da kuma matakin sarrafawar da kamfanin jirgin saman yake yi a kan fasinjojin na iya ba da tabbacin abin alhaki, kamar yadda aka tara fasinjojin a wani yanki na musamman da [kamfanin jirgin saman ya ware] kuma za a iya gano su a matsayin ƙungiya wanda ke da alaƙa da Flight 881 kuma kamfanin jirgin ya karɓi ragamar ƙungiyar fasinjoji lokacin da ya sanar da rukunin kuma ya umurci fasinjojin da su 'tsaya kusa da ƙofar tashi' ”.

Yanayin Abinda Ya Faru

“Kotun ta yarda da wadanda ake tuhumar cewa a bayyane yake daga zargin da ake yi a cikin korafin cewa Brannen ba ya cikin tafiya ko sauka daga jirgi kamar yadda ake bukata don mika wadanda ake tuhumar hukuncin na 17. Maimakon haka kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin korafin. Brannen ya kasance “[a] t canjin wurin bas din a tashar 3 [lokacin] bas din ya tsaya da nisa daga kan hanyar 'kuma ya ji rauni yayin da yake kokarin hawa motar. Ba kamar masu gabatar da kara a cikin Evangelinos ba, wadanda 'suka kammala kusan dukkan ayyukan da ake buƙata a matsayin abin da ake buƙata na shiga jirgi kuma suna tsaye (a) layi a ƙofar tashi suna shirin ci gaba zuwa jirgin' 'a wannan yanayin zargin da ake yi ya nuna cewa Brannen ba ya cikin layi yana jiran hawa jirgi lokacin da ya samu rauni a kafarsa. Maimakon haka, raunin da ya samu ya faru ne tun kafin ya isa tashar 4 kuma ya samu izinin shiga jirgi he [T] Kotun ta gano cewa wurin raunin ya yi daidai da bai wa masu gabatar da kara izinin sallamawa ”.

Sarrafawa Daga Masu Tsare

“Kotun ta gano matsayin Brannen cewa yana aiki ne a karkashin kulawar kamfanin jirgin sama da manufar Mataki na 17 da ba ta biya ba, saboda shari’ar Brannen ta bambanta da ta Evangelinos. A can kamfanin jirgin saman da ake kara ya mallaki adadin abin da ake bukata a kan wadanda suka shigar da karar saboda kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da tashi, ya kafa rukuni na fasinjoji kuma ya umurce su 'a matsayin kungiya su tsaya kusa da kofar tashi' kuma 'ya sa suka taru a wani yanki da tsari kai tsaye kuma kawai ya danganci shiga jirgi ne. Anan, korafin na Brannen ya nuna kawai cewa wani ma'aikacin kamfanin British Airways 'ya umarci [Masu gabatar da kara] nan da nan su yi tsakuwa daga tasha ta 3 zuwa ta 4, ta yin amfani da tsarin bas din da ke jigila zuwa tashar jirgin, don samun tikitin shiga jirgin' kuma Brannen da matarsa ​​'sun bi koyarwar wakilin kamfanin British Airways. A dalilin hanzarin shiga jirgi… a daidai lokacin da raunin ya faru, Brannen ba ya cikin burin jirgin British Airways; sarrafawa don haifar da ƙaddamar da alhaki a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 17 ″.

Ayyuka A Lokacin Rauni

“Dangane da abu na uku… aikin da Brannen ya kasance a ciki-ana jigilar shi a cikin motar jigila ta hanyar jigilar-bai isa ba da izinin aiwatar da Mataki na 17 (A cikin Evangelinos) 'ga dukkan dalilai masu amfani,' ayyukan fara 'ya fara. A wannan halin korafin yana zargin kawai Brannen yana kan hanyarsa ne ta samun izinin shiga jirgi domin ci gaba da jigilar jirgin lokacin da ya ji rauni. Idan aka kwatanta gaskiyar abin da ake zargi a karar Brannen da wadanda ke cikin Evangelinos, ayyukan Brannen sun yi sauki matuka ga tsarin shiga jirgi ”.

Kammalawa

"Bisa abin da ya gabata, Kotun za ta ba da izinin wadanda ake tuhumar su yi watsi da korafin Brannen baki daya".

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, mai ritaya ne na Mataimakin Shari'a na Sashin daukaka kara, Sashe na biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro na tsawon shekaru 41 gami da littattafan shari'ar da yake sabuntawa duk shekara, Dokar Tafiya, Law Journal Press (2016), Litigating Torts International a Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Ayyuka na Aji: Dokar 50 ta Amurka, Law Journal Press (2016) da sama da labaran doka 400 da yawa daga cikinsu ana samunsu a nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / mai karɓar haraji.shtml. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiye-tafiye da ci gaba, musamman, a cikin membobin EU na EU duba IFTTA.org

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izinin Thomas A. Dickerson ba.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.