An tuna da gwarzon duniya - Sanata Ted Kennedy

Ko da yake za a fi tunawa da Ted Kennedy saboda ayyukan da ya yi kan al'amuran cikin gida, gudunmawar da ya bayar ga 'yancin ɗan adam a duniya ba ta da misaltuwa.

Edward Kennedy, kanin shahararriyar daular siyasar Amurka, ya rasu yana da shekaru 77. Sen. Kennedy, wanda aka bar shi a matsayin shugaban dangin Kennedy bayan an kashe ’yan uwansa Shugaba John F. Kennedy da Robert F. Kennedy, an gano cewa yana fama da cutar korona. mummunan ciwon kwakwalwa a cikin Mayu 2008.

Bayan nasarar da aka yi masa na farko, lafiyar Kennedy ta ci gaba da tabarbarewa, kuma ya sha wahala bayan rantsar da Shugaba Barack Obama.
Kennedy ya kasance babban jigo a jam'iyyar Democrat ta Amurka kuma daya daga cikin manyan sanatoci masu tasiri da dadewa a tarihin Amurka.

A cikin wata sanarwa, danginsa sun ce: ‘Edward M. Kennedy, mijin, uba, kaka, ɗan’uwa da kawu da muke ƙauna sosai, ya mutu a daren Talata a gida a tashar Hyannis, Massachusetts.

‘Mun rasa cibiyar danginmu da ba za a iya maye gurbinmu ba da haske mai daɗi a rayuwarmu, amma wahayin bangaskiyarsa, begensa, da juriyarsa za su rayu a cikin zukatanmu har abada.’

Babban gudunmawar Ted Kennedy - wanda ya shafi daruruwan miliyoyin Amurkawa - sun kasance kan al'amuran gida kamar kiwon lafiya, ilimi, aiki, da 'yancin jama'a. Amma in ban da adawarsa da yakin da aka yi a Iraki, ya taka rawar da ba a manta da shi ba amma kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkokin kasa da kasa, yakar 'yan gudun hijira daga Vietnam zuwa Habasha zuwa Iraki da kuma yaki da zaluncin siyasa a kasashe irin su Pakistan, Chile, Ireland ta Arewa. da kuma Afirka ta Kudu.

Kamfaninsa na farko ya zo ne a cikin 1965 lokacin da ya yi amfani da shugabancin da ba a sani ba, Kwamitin Shari'a kan 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Gudun Hijira, don shiga cikin lamuran Vietnam. Ya fara ne a matsayin mai baiwa gwamnatin Johnson murna, yana mai cewa Vietcong na amfani da 'yan gudun hijirar wariyar launin fata don kutsawa yankunan gwamnati. Amma sauraron sauraren karar da ya gudanar ya bayyana karara cewa Washington ba ta sani ba kuma Saigon bai damu da iyakar matsalar ba - lamarin da ya yi a mujallar Look bayan wata ziyara a watan Nuwamba 1965 a Vietnam.
Matsayin da Kennedy ya fi sani game da harkokin waje shi ne adawarsa-da farko da sau da yawa-ga yakin Iraki.

A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, ya yi nasarar matsawa gwamnati lamba don yin ƙarin aiki don kula da lafiyar fararen hula da yakin ya shafa, musamman na bindigogi da bama-bamai na Amurka. Ya koma cikin 1968 cikin shiri sosai, bayan ya tura mataimaka hudu a gaba don duba matsalolin sannan ya nuna masa. Bayan wannan tafiya ya kira jami'an Saigon da cin hanci da rashawa "'yan mulkin mallaka a cikin al'ummarsu," kuma ya ce ya kamata Amurka ta janye idan gwamnatin Vietnam ta Kudu ba ta daidaita ba.

Duk da yake ba shine babban maƙiyin yaƙin ba, Kennedy ya ƙara fitowa fili a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. A cikin 1971, ya zargi Shugaba Nixon da jinkirta tattaunawar zaman lafiya don daidaita su tare da yakin neman zabensa. Kuma lokacin da Majalisa ta yi taro a 1973, Kennedy ya jagoranci ƙoƙari don sanya Majalisar Dattijai ta Majalisar Dattijai akan rikodin duk wani ƙarin kashe kuɗi akan yaƙin. Ya yi nasara da 36 zuwa 12. Bayan da ‘yan jam’iyyar Democrat suka bi sahun ‘yan majalisar wakilai, Nixon ya iya amfani da kuri’unsu wajen shawo kan Kudancin Vietnam ta koma kan teburin tattaunawa a birnin Paris kuma ta amince da kawo karshen yakin.

Batun 'yan gudun hijira ya kuma haifar da jawabinsa na farko a Majalisar Dattawa bayan mutuwar Robert Kennedy da kuma wata yarjejeniya da ba kasafai aka yi da gwamnatin Nixon ba. A watan Satumba na 1968, ya ce yunwar da ake fama da ita a Biafra, jihar da ta balle daga Najeriya, na janyo asarar rayuka sama da 7,000 a rana yayin da gwamnatin Amurka ta “guguje.” Gwamnatin Johnson ba ta mayar da martani ba, amma gwamnatin Nixon ta aika da mai kula da 'yan gudun hijira sannan kuma abinci mai yawa.

Amma sauran manyan yunwa na shekarun Nixon ba su sami irin wannan kulawa daga gwamnati ba. Ya faru ne a lokacin da Pakistan, wacce ke da goyon bayan Nixon da Henry Kissinger, suka nemi murkushe yunkurin 'yancin kai a Gabashin Pakistan ko Bangladesh, kamar yadda Bengalis ke kiran kasarsu. Bayan miliyoyin 'yan gudun hijirar sun tsere daga sojojin Pakistan zuwa Gabashin Indiya kuma Kennedy ya ziyarci sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira kuma ya ce ya ga "daya daga cikin mummunan bala'in bala'in dan Adam a wannan zamani." Ko da yake gwamnatin ta ci gaba da jajircewa wajen goyon bayan Pakistan, ko da bayan da ta mamaye Indiya cikin wauta kuma aka fatattake ta, ta aika da karin agajin abinci zuwa sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira.

Mafi tsayin alaƙar Kennedy tare da kowane batu na waje shine kan Arewacin Ireland. An fara kusan a hankali. Yana cikin yawo a wani wurin shakatawa na Landan a shekarar 1971, wata mata ta zo wurinsa ta bukaci sanin dalilin da ya sa Kennedy, Ba’amurke Ba’amurke, ya yi shiru sa’ad da Birtaniya ta kulle ’yan Katolika na Irish ba tare da shari’a ba, kuma suka tsaya a lokacin da ’yan sandan Furotesta suka kai wa Katolika hari. . Abin da ya yi na farko shi ne saƙon “Brits out” mai sauƙi, yana neman ƙasashen Arewa shida su kasance da haɗin kai da Ireland ta Katolika. Amma bayan ya sadu da John Hume, dan jam'iyyar Social Democrat daga Derry, a cikin 1972, da sauri ya gamsu cewa wannan ba shi da amfani, kuma ya kamata ya goyi bayan kokarin daidaitawa a Ulster.
A ranar St. Patrick, 1977, ya shiga tare da Tip O'Neill, Pat Moynihan, da New York Gov. Hugh Carey don yin kira ga 'yan Irish-Amurka su daina aika kuɗi don tallafawa tashin hankali na Sojojin Republican na Irish. Kuma ya shawo kan gwamnatin Carter ta yi alkawarin ba da taimakon tattalin arziki idan za a iya sasantawa a Ireland ta Arewa. A kwanakin St. Patrick na gaba, zai sadu da shugabanni daga kowane bangare a Washington, yana kira ga masauki.
A cikin 1993, ya shawo kan Shugaba Clinton ya nada 'yar uwarsa, Jean Kennedy Smith, a matsayin jakada a Ireland. Lokacin da ya ziyarce ta a Dublin a shekara mai zuwa, ta bukace shi da ya tallafa wa Gerry Adams na IRA visa na Amurka, wanda aka dakatar da shi a matsayin dan ta'adda. Lokacin da Hume ya gaya masa cewa Adams na iya zama mai karfi don zaman lafiya, Kennedy ya yarda kuma, a kan rashin amincewar Birtaniya da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Clinton ta ba da umarnin bayar da biza. Haɗin Adams da sauran masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na IRA sun tabbatar da zama dole don nasarar nasarar tattaunawar zaman lafiya a 1998.
Zaluncin da aka yi a Chile ya kasance ƙasa mai gardama, kuma rawar da Amurka ta taka a sarari. Juyin mulkin soja a 1973 ya hambarar da gwamnatin Salvador Allende da aka zaba ta hannun hagu, wanda Amurka ta yi aiki da shi. Sabon mulkin Admiral Augusto Pinochet ya harbe daruruwan magoya bayan Allende a filin wasa na kasa, ko da yake Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka ya yi fatali da sabon tsarin mulki. A shekara ta 1973, Kennedy ya tattara cikakken goyon baya a majalisar dattijai don kafa dokar hana duk wani siyar da makamai ga Chile, kuma a cikin 1981 ya ba da izinin dakatar da duk wani taimako ga wannan al'ummar har sai ta samar da 'yancin ɗan adam. A cikin 1986, ya ziyarci Chile, kuma duk da zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati, ya sadu da kuma karfafa 'yan siyasar adawa da uwaye da suka zo da hotunan yara da sojoji suka "bace".
A shekara ta 2008, Shugaba Michelle Bachelet ta Chile, da kanta da gwamnatin Pinochet ta azabtar da ita, ta ba Kennedy lambar yabo ta Chile, tana mai cewa "Kun kasance a wurinmu lokacin da ake cin zarafi da kuma keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, lokacin da laifi da mutuwa. ya kewaye kasar mu. Kai ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan abokai, nagari, kuma na gaskiya na Chile. "
Ya kuma karfafa 'yan adawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya ziyarci wannan kasa ne a shekarar 1985, bayan da Archbishop Desmond Tutu ya lallashe shi cewa zuwansa zai jawo hankali ga mulkin wariyar launin fata ta hanyar ma’aikatan gidan talabijin na Amurka da suka bi shi. Ya ziyarci unguwannin marasa galihu da wuraren sake tsugunar da jama'a. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu da jakadan Amurka Herman Nickel sun yi Allah wadai da tafiyar tasa. Kennedy ya gudanar da zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a wajen gidan yarin Pollsmoor, inda ake tsare da Nelson Mandela. Ya ce, "Bayan wadannan katangar akwai mutane da suke da himma sosai wajen tabbatar da 'yanci a wannan kasa." Shekaru bayan haka, Mandela ya ce ya san cewa Kennedy ya kasance a kofar gidan yari kuma ya ba mu karfi da fata, da kuma jin cewa muna da miliyoyin a bayanmu a yakin da muke yi da wariyar launin fata amma a halin da muke ciki na musamman a gidan yari. .”

Bayan dawowarsa, Kennedy ya jagoranci yunkurin sanya takunkumin tattalin arziki a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1986, Majalisa ta yi watsi da matakin da Shugaba Reagan ya yi na veto kuma ta sanya dokar hana duk wani sabon saka hannun jari na Amurkawa a cikin kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma shigo da kayayyaki irin su karfe, kwal, harsashi, da abinci daga Afirka ta Kudu. "Lokacin jinkiri da jinkiri ya wuce," in ji Kennedy. "Yanzu ne lokacin da za a kiyaye bangaskiya tare da Martin Luther King, Desmond Tutu, da duk waɗanda suka yi imani da Afirka ta Kudu 'yanci."

A cikin 70s da 80s, Kennedy ya ziyarci Tarayyar Soviet sau hudu, ba a matsayin shugaban kwamitin ba ko kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na wakilai (sai dai idan kun ƙidaya dangin da ke tafiya tare), amma a matsayin dan majalisar dattijai wanda ɗan'uwansa ya kasance. zama shugaban kasa. Dukkan tafiye-tafiyen guda hudu sun kai ga sakin iyalai da daidaikun mutane, galibin Yahudawan yahudawa ciki har da Natan Sharansky. Tafiya ta 1974 kuma ta kai ga samun takardar izinin fita ga fitaccen ɗan jarida, Mstislav Rostropovich, don barin Tarayyar Soviet.

Babban abin da ya fi dacewa a tattaunawarsa da Brezhnev a cikin 1974 da 1978 sannan da Mikhail Gorbachev a 1986 da 1990 shine bayanin shugabannin Amurka-shugabannin da suke da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci-ga Kremlin.
Ya nanata wa Brezhnev cewa Carter ya himmatu wajen kawar da makaman nukiliya duk da wasu jawabai masu rudani kan batun. Ya gaya wa Gorbachev cewa yayin da shi da kansa ya yi tunanin wannan mummunan ra'ayi ne, Reagan ya yi imani sosai da makami mai linzami, tsaro ko "Star Wars." Daga baya ya gaya wa Gorbachev cewa Shugaba George H.W. Bush ba ya ƙoƙari ya sami maki na siyasa lokacin da ya gargadi shugaban Soviet da kada ya yi amfani da karfi a kan Lithuania mai ballewa. Sa'an nan kuma, a lokacin da ya koma Washington, ya bayyana wa Bush Gorbachev na kansa ra'ayin game da matsalolinsa da masu tsaurin ra'ayi waɗanda suke tunanin ya yi laushi a Lithuania.
Matsayin da Kennedy ya fi sani game da harkokin waje shi ne adawarsa - tun da farko kuma sau da yawa - zuwa yakin na biyu a Iraki. Kafin a fara yakin, ya ce zai iya "zama manyan masu goyon bayan al Qaeda da kuma haifar da karuwar ayyukan ta'addanci." Kuma ya koka da cewa, "Gwamnatin ba ta fito karara ta amince ba, balle ta bayyana wa jama'ar Amurka, gagarumin alkawarin da za a dauka bayan yakin da ake bukata don samar da tabbataccen Iraki." Ya caccaki takwarorinsa kan mika ikon majalisar dokokin kasar don shelanta yaki ga shugaba George W. Bush.

Ya ci gaba da sukar yayin da yakin ke gudana, yana zargin gwamnati a 2003 da yin "karya bayan karya" yayin da "dalilan da ba su dace ba na zuwa yaki sun rushe." A cikin 2004, ya ce, "Idan Majalisa da jama'ar Amirka sun san gaskiya duka, da Amurka ba za ta taba shiga yaki ba." Daga baya a waccan shekarar ya ce gwamnatin ba ta yi nasarar sake gina gine-gine ba kuma "ta kasa ganin tashin hankalin da ya samo asali a bara kuma ya fara daidaitawa kamar ciwon daji mai kisa." Kuma a shekara ta 2005 ya zama fitaccen ma'aikaci na farko da ya yi kira da a tsara jadawalin ficewa daga Iraki.

Kamar yadda jagorancinsa ya farantawa 'yan Chile da Nelson Mandela murna, hakan ya shafi wasu abokan aikinsa na Majalisar Dattijai. Kamar yadda Sen. Dick Durbin na Illinois, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mafi rinjaye na bulala Kennedy ya taba rike, ya ce a cikin 2008, "Ina tsammanin abin da ya yi shi ne ya ba mu hangen nesa na tarihi .... Ya ga kuri'u da yawa sun zo suna tafiya, kuri'u masu mahimmanci, kuri'un tarihi, kuma kasancewarsa a fili da tsayin daka kuma bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba ya ba mu kwarin gwiwa cewa muna kan dama, ko da kuwa shi ne. bangaren ‘yan tsiraru.”

Kennedy ya sanya tambari mai sauƙi a kan adawarsa. Da yake tunawa da kuri’ar da ya yi a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2002, ya ce shekaru hudu bayan haka a babban taron jam’iyyar Democrat a Massachusetts a Worcester: “Kuri’ata na adawa da wannan yakin da ba a amince da shi ba ita ce mafi kyawun kuri’a da na jefa a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka tun lokacin da aka zabe ni a 1962.”