Tarihi Bridgetown Barbados: Ya cancanci tafiya a kanta

Hoton hoto na visitbarbados.org e1654812469576 | eTurboNews | eTN
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Avatar na Juergen T Steinmetz

Barbados yana cike da abubuwan jan hankali na UNESCO Heritage. A cikin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da babban birnin Bridgetown, wannan cibiyar ta ƙasa tana aiki a matsayin babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ga manyan ofisoshi, majalisa, da siyayya. Garrison na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren kiyaye al'adun gargajiya guda 8 a tsibirin kuma yana wakiltar wani fitaccen kunne na tarihin mulkin mallaka na soja. A cikin yankunan wannan rukunin, akwai gine-gine 115 da aka jera. Haɗin Tarihi Bridgetown da Garrison nasa yana wakiltar tarin tarihi, mulkin mallaka, da gine-ginen yare tare da kyawawan abubuwa na fasaha da kimiyya na tsara gari.

Kuma tabbas daga kyawawan abubuwan dafa abinci zuwa siyayya, Bridgetown da tashar jirgin ruwa da gine-ginen tarihi sune. cancanci tafiya duk da kanta.

Tarihin Bridgetown, daga wurin zama na Amerindiya na tarihi ta hanyar mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya, ƴancin kai, ƴancin kai har ya zuwa yanzu, ƙaramin ɗan ƙaramin babban canji ne na tattalin arziƙi, zamantakewa da siyasa na Barbados cikin ƙarni.

Pre-Turai

Binciken archaeological a Port St. Charles ya nuna mazaunan Amerindian a Barbados ya kai 1623 KZ. Ba a san cikakken ilimin zama na tarihi a Bridgetown ba, kodayake binciken ya sami shaidar zama a cikin yankin Fontabelle, Lambun bazara (Yamma), Suttle Street (Arewa), Kulawa (Kudu), da Ƙarshen Kabari (Gabas). ). An gane duk rukunin yanar gizon suna samun damar samun ruwan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa kai tsaye. A haƙiƙa, tsakiyar tsakiyar Bridgetown asalin wani fadama ne wanda aka kwashe kuma daga baya ya cika. Har ila yau, binciken binciken kayan tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa manyan al'adun yumbura guda huɗu na Amerindian sun kasance a Bridgetown.

Amerindians a tsibirin sun kasance manoman abinci da masunta. Sun yi amfani da fasahohin da suka haɗa da slash da ƙona noma da aka fi sani da conuco, wanda ya haifar da shimfidar wuri na ƙananan wuraren da ke kewaye da dajin budurwa, galibi kusa da bakin ruwa. Ƙididdiga dubun dubbai a cikin ƙarni, kafin zuwan Turawa, Amerindians sun tafi a shekara ta 1550, hare-haren bayi daga masu mulkin mallaka na Spain. Ko da yake ba a san takamaiman cikakkun bayanai na al'ummar da ke Bridgetown na zamani ba, daga baya turawan mulkin mallaka sun gano wata gada da ke kan kogin Tsarin Mulki, wanda a ƙarshe ya zama sunan birnin. An gano Barbados a hukumance a shekara ta 1536 ta sanannen mai binciken ɗan ƙasar Portugal, Pedro a Campos yayin tafiyarsa zuwa Brazil. Daga baya mai binciken Amurka, John Wesley Powell ya gano shi a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1625.

Mulkin Burtaniya

Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya yana da alaƙa da haɓakar ruwa na ƙarni huɗu, wanda ya mayar da Bridgetown wani muhimmin yanki na harkokin kasuwanci da na soja na Daular. Bayan jiragen ruwa na Sipaniya da na Fotigal, waɗanda a cikin ƙarni na goma sha shida suka yi takaitacciyar tsayawa a Barbados don ruwa, jiragen ruwa na Ingilishi sun sauka a Barbados a cikin 1624 kuma sun yi iƙirarin mallakar Crown. An zaunar da Bridgetown shekaru hudu bayan haka. Daga wannan lokaci, Bridgetown ya bi yanayin karni na 17 na sauran tashar jiragen ruwa kamar Kingston, Boston da New York dangane da yawan jama'a da mahimmanci. An fara tsara al'umma a kusa da ƙananan noman auduga da taba sigari na Caribbean, tare da masu mallakar Ingilishi suna shigo da bayin Amerindians da turawa masu shiga.

Masu shuka irin su James Drax sun gabatar da rake a tsibirin a cikin 1640, masu sha'awar yin canji daga masana'antar taba da ke mutuwa da kuma taimakon Yahudawa Sephardic da aka kora daga Portuguese Brazil. Gabatar da rake ya haifar da sauyi na tsarin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Barbadiya wanda Bridgetown ya yi kyau sosai don cin moriyarsa. Ana ganin wuraren tarihi a Bridgetown, ciki har da majami'ar Nidhe Isra'ila, ɗaya daga cikin mafi dadewa a yankin yammacin duniya, wanda aka sake ginawa bayan babbar guguwa ta 1831 ta lalata rufinta.

Bridgetown yana da amintaccen tashar jiragen ruwa na halitta a cikin Kulawa, faɗin isa don daidaita tasoshin rana da ɗaukar wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa don ginin jirgi da kiyayewa. Ba da da ewa ba, manyan wuraren noman noma suka zama tushen tsarin gine-gine a Barbados, tare da hanyar sadarwa ta radial da aka haɓaka don jigilar kayayyaki zuwa kuma daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bridgetown don jigilar kaya zuwa Turai. Bukatun samar da canji kuma ya haifar da babban buƙatu ga ma'aikatan Afirka waɗanda ke bautar, kuma Bridgetown ya zama babbar cibiyar motsi da siyarwa. Nuna wannan, kididdigar Barbados ta sauya daga tsibiri a cikin 1644 wanda ke da mutane 800 na zuriyar Afirka daga cikin 30,000 duka, zuwa tsibiri a 1700 tare da bayi 60,000 daga cikin 80,000 duka. A ƙarshen karni na 17, Bridgetown ita ce haɗin gwiwar kasuwancin duniya a cikin Amurka ta Burtaniya, kuma ɗayan manyan biranen uku: 60% na fitar da Ingilishi zuwa Caribbean ana sarrafa su ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bridgetown. Haɓakar wannan tattalin arzikin tushen kasuwanci ya yi daidai da karuwar soja Daga 1800 zuwa 1885.

Bridgetown ita ce wurin zama na gwamnatin tsoffin yankunan Birtaniyya na tsibirin Windward. A cikin 1881, an kammala layin dogo na Barbados daga Bridgetown zuwa Carrington. Ba da da ewa bayan haka, kasancewar tramway ya zama pre-sharadi don ci gaba. Black Rock, EagleHall, Fontabelle, Roebuck da Bellville ƙananan cibiyoyi ne waɗanda suka girma daga haɗin tram zuwa tsakiyar Bridgetown, kuma tun daga lokacin an shigar da su cikin birni.

Bayan an cire sojojin Birtaniyya daga mallaka ta 1905, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na filayen da ke kusa da Savannah sun sami mallakar masu zaman kansu, gami da Babban Tsaro (har sai lokacin da Gwamnati ta sake ɗaukar ikon mallakar a 1989). A yau, har yanzu akwai ƙananan kadarorin zama a cikin Savannah, tare da mafi yawan amfanin zama na zuwa daga jujjuya gine-ginen soja.

Bayan mulkin mallaka

Har yanzu cibiyar mafi mahimmanci a gabashin Caribbean, sauye-sauyen zamantakewa sun canza Bridgetown a tsakiyar karni na 20. Zuwan motar motar ya haifar kuma ya ci gaba da haifar da ƙalubale mai tsanani ga ƙananan tituna na Bridgetown. A cikin 1962, 'yan shekaru kafin samun 'yancin kai a 1966, Kogin Tsarin Mulki, Careenage da sauran gefuna na fadama sun cika kuma an maye gurbinsu da tashar tashar tashar tashar. Wannan ya biyo bayan gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Bridgetown da tashar ruwa mai zurfi a cikin 1961, tare da jawo alakar kasuwanci da sadarwa daga Careenage, tare da ita kasuwancin da ke hade. A ƙarshe an mai da wuraren ajiyar wuraren ajiya zuwa ofisoshi, shaguna, da wuraren ajiye motoci yayin da yankin kasuwanci na tsakiya ya faɗaɗa.

Yawan jama'a a Bridgetown ya fadada bayan samun 'yanci a cikin 1834 har ma fiye da haka bayan sauyin yanayi a masana'antar sukari ya kori ma'aikata zuwa yankunan bakin teku. Bambance-bambancen tattalin arzikin Barbados daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970s ya kawo mafi girman matsuguni zuwa Bridgetown, yana tafiya lokaci guda tare da haɓaka birane. Babban Yankin Bridgetown ya sami matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara sama da 14% tsakanin 1920 zuwa 1960, tare da haɓakar yawan jama'a kusan ƙasa da 5%. A cikin shekarun 1970s iyakar birane ta fara daidaitawa, tare da ƙara yawan jama'a ta hanyar ƙarfafa filayen da ake da su. Ya zuwa 1980, yawan mutanen Bridgetown ya kai 106,500, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 43% na jimillar ƙasar. Ba da jimawa ba manufofin ci gaban zamantakewa da kawar da fatara suka biyo baya, wanda ya fara a cikin Ikklesiya ta Saint Michael, daga baya kuma ya bazu zuwa sauran tsibirin. Ci gaba da rarrabuwar kawuna na masu haya ya fara haifar da rikicin rashin samun hanyar titi, da siffa mai banƙyama da ƙanƙanta, da kuma rashin wuraren zama na jama'a. Ko masu zaman kansu ko na jama'a suna jagoranta, an haɓaka rukunin yanar gizo ba tare da haɗaɗɗiyar hanyar tsarawa ba.

Kwanan nan, yunƙuri masu mahimmanci da yawa sun yi murna da ɗaukaka mahimmancin tarihi da kadarorin gado na Bridgetown. A cikin 2011, Tarihi Bridgetown da Garrison an amince da su azaman wurin Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO. Wannan mahimmancin fahimtar shi ne muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin tsarin gyara PDP na yanzu kuma ya tsara iyakar wannan Tsarin Al'umma. An samar da sabbin wuraren jama'a koraye tare da ƙirƙirar Lambunan Jubilee, Dandalin Independence, da Cocin Village Green. Haɓaka Kogin Tsarin Mulki na baya-bayan nan ya dawo da tashar kogin da haɗin gwiwa tare da hanyar. A farkon 2000's maido da majami'ar Nidhe Isra'ila da mikvah da ƙaramar kwanan nan na kashi na farko na Maidowa Block na majami'a yana aiki a matsayin nuni na, da yuwuwar haɓakawa, sake saka hannun jari a cikin al'adun gargajiya a cikin babban birnin Bridgetown.

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Avatar na Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen Thomas Steinmetz ya ci gaba da aiki a masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da yawon buɗe ido tun yana saurayi a Jamus (1977).
Ya kafa eTurboNews a cikin 1999 azaman wasiƙar farko ta yanar gizo don masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta duniya.

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